In the fourth year of Tianbao (245), Li Baigang was expelled from Chang 'an, and his mood was extremely contradictory. His anger at political frustration, the pain of disillusionment, and the complex emotions caused by not being understood by the world are intertwined. He wants to shout to the universe, vent to the earth, and talk to friends. In the poem "Into the Wine", he shouted to his friends Cenfuzi and Dan Qiusheng: "When you enter the wine, Fukashi drinks. Let me sing you a song! Please listen to me. " The poem "Elegy" should be a work of the same period, expressing the same emotion. The opening of the poem expresses the urgent mood of finding a bosom friend. "Sad, sad! There's wine to pour, master. Listen to me sing a sad song. " It is also an appeal for understanding and seeking spiritual comfort. The tone of writing is exciting, and every sentence highlights the word "sadness", with feelings for generate. Strengthen the pen power with urgent call, which is fast and moving. Then, I expressed my inner depression openly and happily. "I don't laugh when I'm sad. No one in the world knows my heart." Tell the pain of not being understood. Driven by this feeling, grief and indignation are mixed, and Gin's wild mood of enjoying each other arises spontaneously: "You have a few fights of wine, and I am three feet piano, piano, singing, drinking and music are all good, and one cup is worth a thousand." A glass of wine is no different from 30 thousand gold. His sorrow and passion for binge drinking can be learned from other poems, such as "sorrow and joy, 300 cups of wine." Although there is little wine, you can't pour it. "("drinking the bright moon alone "for the fourth time) as a major event in life. This is Li Bai's way of expressing his cynical thoughts, which can also be described as "putting on airs". In Du Fu's poem, he said, "It's sad to be crazy and not see Li Shengjiu. "The madness of" No See "is exactly the way he vented his anxiety and anger.
Then, the poem shows the poet's strong emotion of condemning life in repeated rhythm. After lamenting the sadness, the poet first affirmed the eternity of the universe, that is, "although the sky is long, the earth is long", while the antonym of eternity is: "Happiness should never stay", "Wealth can last for a hundred years" and "Everyone has a life and death", which embodies the finiteness and brevity of life. If you compare this with the eternal universe, you can only wait and die. Life is alive, "and you must drink a glass of wine", which is the true meaning of life! Finally, let the historical facts turn over, give new ideas to the old things of predecessors, and make the feelings fresh and interesting. The poet's witty remarks aroused readers' pleasure in describing historical facts of past dynasties.
The first set of historical facts recited by the poet is the lament of Confucius in The Analects of Confucius, Zi Han: Confucius said, "If the phoenix bird doesn't arrive and the river doesn't draw pictures, I have lost my husband!" Phoenix bird is a symbol of good luck. As soon as it appears, it shows that the saints are orderly, and the picture appears on the Yellow River, and the world is cold. In the poem, "a phoenix bird can't reach the river without a picture" is a metaphor for Confucius' lament that "I am a widower" on the world life. The second is "I'm going to be a slave to Kiko", that is, I warned Zhou Wang not to leave when I saw that my business was going to die, and Ji Zi warned Zhou Wang not to be imprisoned. Third, "Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty didn't remember General Li", and Li Guang made a meritorious military service to Xiongnu, which was not reused by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Fourth, "the king of Chu released Dr. Qu", who was exiled for patriotism. This group is a historical past lacking talents. Li Bai used these allusions to compare the past with the present and allude to the dark reality in which he lived. In the second set of historical facts, four examples, Li Si, Fan Li, Xiang Yu, Hui Shi and Bo Shi, are cited in the poem "Sorrow comes from the lake", but the result is not worthy of the name. Li Si is the prime minister of Qin State. After the death of Qin Shihuang, he colluded with Zhao Gao, forced Fu Su to commit suicide, and made Hu Hai emperor. As a result, Zhao Gao falsely accused him of murder. After he went to prison, he regretted it himself, so Li Baiyou lamented that "it exists in name only". Fan Li helped Fu Cha, the prince of Wu, take revenge, then retired and went boating in seclusion, so Li Baiyou had the reputation of "retiring after success". Xiang Yu didn't learn books or swords well when he was young. Xiang Liang is angry. He said, "books are enough to register surnames, swords are one enemy, and learning is insufficient." He didn't study poetry and fencing, but he eventually became a lean man. According to "Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals", the original gave his country to Hui Shi, while Hui gave his country to Wancheng. Bo Shi, the owner of livestock in the Western Han Dynasty, donated money to help the imperial court many times. Emperor Wudi appointed him as a captain to encourage other wealthy businessmen to donate money to be an official. Later, because he opposed the monopoly of salt and iron, and because he did not learn articles, he was demoted to Prince Taibo. Therefore, Li Baiyou said that "Bo Shi must not be poor at one time". Finally, Li Bai lamented that reading is useless, why be poor, and what are the benefits of reading classics. He shouted angrily: "You must also bring black-headed Fang Bo, Moman and Bai Capital are Confucian scholars." Ironically, it occurred to me that I still wanted to be an official when I was young, and Fang Bo was the leader of one side. Self-warning: don't delay yourself, it's useless to be a Confucian scholar all your life. The resentment of the vicissitudes of life is deeply rooted in paper.
This poem is consistent with some other styles of Li Bai in form and content. As an introduction, "Mourning for the Past and Hu" is repeatedly recited in the poem, which dominates the charm of the whole poem like the main theme of music, and has the same effect as his poem "Difficult Road to Shu". The historical allusions quoted in the content, as the projection of real life, have the same purpose with incompetence and frustration. The whole poem is full of intense emotions and passionate feelings, expressing his grief and indignation after being vilified step by step and leaving Beijing. Its emotional tone is also consistent with the poems of this period, such as Difficult to Go and Liang. The style of the whole poem is bold and unconstrained, the emotion is constantly digging deep, and the sounds and feelings are full of emotion. It starts with lyricism and ends with discussion. It uses the combination of reality and reality to lay out and render historical figures, showing the poet's political ideal and personality beauty, which is the same as Li Bai's other poems. Our discussion from the perspective of the work itself should be said to be in line with reality.