Title: Guo E
Creation year: Pre-Qin Dynasty
Source: The Book of Songs
Literary genre: poetry
Polygonum hydropiper No.1 (1), Feiai No.1 (2); Mourn for my parents and give birth to me.
I am a loser, I am a bandit (4); Mourn for my parents and give birth to me.
The bottles are all used up [5], and it's a pity to be alive [6]. Once a fresh person is born, it is better to die for a long time! What's wrong with having no father? What can I do without my mother? Get a shirt when you go out, and get embarrassed when you go in.
My father gave birth to me and my mother bowed to me. ⑾ I raise my livestock, care for me, love me, and go in and out of my abdomen. The virtue of wanting to repay kindness. Heaven is very confused [14]!
Nanshan is fierce and the wind is blowing. People don't care, ⒄, why am I lonely?
Nanshan Law Firm ⒅, Gone with the Wind, ⒆. Everyone knows that I am not alone! [ 1]
Polygonum (lù) Polygonum: It's long and big. E (é): A kind of grass, namely Artemisia argyi. Li Shizhen's Compendium of Materia Medica: "I have many roots, commonly known as Artemisia annua."
Bandit: Same as "No". I: Yes. Bandit: refers to mourning for parents.
Old (qú): The next chapter means "fatigue".
Wei (wèi): A kind of grass, namely Artemisia capillaris.
Bottle: Water-fetching equipment. Qing: Exhausted.
Léi: water container.
Xi m \ n (xi m \ u n): refers to widowhood and loneliness. People: people.
Xun (hù): Shit.
T-shirt: worried.
Lift (jū): Lift.
Gui: preach "caress" Livestock: Learn "xian" and love it.
Gu: Gu Nian. A: Going back means reluctant to leave.
Abdomen: refers to the arm.
Hao Tian: Hao Tian. W: No. Extreme: the norm.
Fierce: like a mountain wind.
Gone with the Wind: Same as Hurricane. Fa: pronounced "dial", wind.
You: Good.
Law: the same as "fierce".
Christopher: It's the same as "hair".
Pawn: eventually, it refers to the retirement of the elderly.
Is that tall plant mugwort? So it's not Artemisia annua, it's useless Artemisia annua. My poor parents worked hard to raise me!
Is that tall plant mugwort? Not Artemisia ordosica, it's useless Artemisia ordosica. My poor parents, they raised me from overwork!
The small bottle of wine is empty, which is a disgrace to the altar. People who have lost their parents are better off dying early than living in the world. Who can I rely on without my father? Who can I rely on without my mother? Go out, feel sad, step into the house, as if I didn't go home. (Home is empty)
My parents gave birth to me and raised me. You caress me, let me grow, nurture me, care for me, shelter me and take care of me in and out. I want to repay your kindness, as if heaven is endless.
Nanshan is high and the wind is fierce. Everyone else has a chance to raise their parents. Why am I the only one suffering from this scourge?
Nanshan is high and the wind is fierce. Everyone else has the opportunity to raise their parents, but I can't die with my adoptive parents.
"Preface to Mao Poetry" says that this poem "pricks the monarch, the people work hard, and the dutiful son can't be raised", but only the last sentence is correct. As for "it's hard for the people to stab the king", as Ouyang Xiu said, "it's not the poet's original intention" ("The Original Meaning of Poetry"), and the poet only expresses the extreme feeling of being unable to support his adoptive parents.
The six chapters of this poem seem to be a song mourning for parents, which has three meanings: the first two chapters are the first layer, which describes the hardships and tiredness of parents in raising "I", and the first two sentences lead to contrast. When the poet saw Artemisia and Wei, he mistakenly thought it was me, but his heart moved and he thought it was a comparison. I am delicious and have a lot of roots, so I am also called Artemisia annua, which means that people are mature and filial; Artemisia and Wei, both scattered, Artemisia is coarse and evil and inedible, Wei can neither eat nor bear fruit, so it is called Artemisia, Artemisia and useless and can not be filial. When a poet feels this, he can blame himself for his failure, but he can't always be filial. The last two sentences say that it is not easy for parents to raise themselves. They have to work hard and suffer hardships. Zhu pointed out here: "It used to call me, but now it's not me. It's just Artemisia. Compared with my parents, I thought beautiful materials could die, but now I can't raise them. So my parents gave birth to me and they were very sad. " (Biography of Poetry) The middle two chapters are the second layer, describing the pain of the son's loss of his parents and the parents' deep love for his son. In the first two sentences of chapter three, parents are compared with bottles, and children are compared. Because the bottle draws water from the jar, the jar is empty, and there is no water to draw water, so it is shameful. Used to show that children are ashamed of not being able to support their parents and not doing their due filial piety. The metaphor in the sentence refers to using the bottle, not the size. The following six sentences of "Xianmin" describe the lonely life and emotional torture after losing their parents. The poem "A Journey to the Orphans in Han Yuefu" says that "life is not as good as you want, so it is better to go to the underground palace early". This is the idea of being abused by your brother and sister-in-law, and this poem laments that you are lonely, helpless and miserable, entirely out of affection for your parents. The poet lived with his parents, lost his parents and the warmth of his family, so that his home seemed homeless. Cao Cui said, "Being without parents is a fresh person. When the dutiful son comes out, he will sue, but he must face it. Now he came out without telling, so he was rewarded with a shirt. I didn't see it when I went to the lobby. It was so embarrassing. " (Quoted from Dai Zhen's Supplementary Biography of Mao Poems) Understanding is of great reference value. The first six sentences in the fourth chapter describe the parents' nurturing and caressing of me, and concretize the "toil" and "fatigue" mentioned in the first two chapters. The poet used nine verbs and nine words "I" in succession, such as "life", "residence", "generation", "animal", "dragon", "ancient" and "I". My words are clumsy and sincere, my words are straightforward, I never tire of listening, and my voice is urgent, which is like crying. It is most appropriate to describe it with the lyrics of modern Beijing opera "tears, blood words". Yao Jiheng said: "There are countless words' I' here." (Introduction to the Book of Songs) In the last two sentences of this chapter, the poet blames Heaven for his inability to support his parents and repay them under the circumstances of great kindness and virtue, and blames him for his impermanence, taking away his parents' lives and causing "I" to want to repay them! The third layer of the last two chapters comes from this and describes this misfortune. In the first two sentences, the poet jumped in the steep Nanshan he saw and the whistling wind he heard, creating a hard and desolate atmosphere, symbolizing the great pain and desolation of his parents' death, and externalizing the poet's sad mood. The four words of Rusheng overlap: fierce, angry, dharma and crouching, which aggravate grief and read like sobs. The last two sentences are helpless grievances. Fang Yurun said: "If you stand up to others, you can see that you hold your own hatred." (The Original Book of Songs)
The alternate use of Fu and Bi Xing is a major feature of this poem. Feng Fang's "On Poetry" said: "The first three chapters of poetry are all given first; Four chapters are also given; Wu Liuzhang Yichang. " The last two chapters should also be said to be "getting rich first and then getting expensive". The three expressive techniques are flexible in use, echoing back and forth, lyrical and ups and downs, and reciprocating, conveying lonely sadness, which can be described as a jade plate with pearls falling, flowing clouds and flowing water, and strong artistic appeal. Biography of filial piety in the Book of Jin records that he was executed without charge for hurting his father and lived in seclusion as a professor. "It's not a bad thing to read poetry until' I lost my parents and gave birth to me'. His master was abolished." In Biography of Shu Qi Gaoyi, Gu Huan was a disciple of Tiantai Mountain. Because of his loneliness in his early years, he had to hold a book and cry every time he read a poem to mourn his parents, so he abandoned Guo E. Similar records still exist, so it is unnecessary to list them one by one. It is one of the virtues of the Chinese nation for children to support and honor their parents, and it should actually be the moral obligation of human society. This poem is the first literary work to express this virtue with rich emotions, which has a great influence on later generations. It is often cited not only in poetry and prose, but also in imperial edicts. This shows the influence of The Book of Songs on the formation of national psychology and national spirit.
Liao 'e Temple was built in the Eastern Jin Dynasty with a history of 1600 years. It was built in memory of Wang Pou, one of the twenty-four filial piety in the history of China, and it is the only filial piety temple in China. For thousands of years, Si 'e Temple has been abandoned due to natural and man-made disasters. However, monks in past dynasties have been destroyed and built repeatedly, and their history has been conferred six times by four emperors. By the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, the incense was extremely prosperous and the scale of the temple reached its peak. There are more than 100 monasteries, which are quite spectacular. This is a famous ancient temple in the south of the Yangtze River. The last serious damage was in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and there is still an ancient well, stone pillar carving and other relics of the Ming Dynasty.
In order to protect historical sites and better inherit the culture of filial piety, China Xiaoyuan restored the site of Liaodong Temple in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, making it reach its peak. At present, there is an inscription by Mr. Zhao Puchu, the former chairman of the Chinese Buddhist Association, and Master Zhenchan, the former chairman of the Shanghai Buddhist Association, also wrote an inscription for the temple "Restoring the ancient temple in Taihu Lake and carrying forward the essence of Chinese culture". In order to protect historical sites and better inherit the culture of filial piety, China Xiaoyuan restored the site of Liaodong Temple in Yongle period of Ming Dynasty, making it reach its peak.
China Filial Piety Garden is the only filial piety cultural park in China. Relying on the Liao-E Zen poems dating back to 1600 years ago, aiming at promoting the spirit of filial piety, and featuring ancestor worship culture and Guanyin culture, we will make every effort to build a comprehensive cultural tourism scenic spot integrating root-seeking, ancestor worship, mountain climbing, consciousness education and tourism. Upon completion, the Chinese Filial Piety Garden will become the essence of overseas Chinese seeking their roots and foreign friends understanding China culture, which has a strong attraction. It can be said that the Chinese Filial Piety Garden is an innovative project, a great project and a project passed down from generation to generation. Based on the discussion of filial piety by Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, combined with modern people's understanding of filial piety. Through the materialization of landscape beautification such as writing, language, sculpture and architecture, we will set a benchmark for future generations to explore, inherit and develop, and build a base for promoting filial piety culture with tourism as the carrier.
[1] Wei Han Chuan Tong. China Classical Literature Classics and Chuci Classics [M] .20638+08