1, it is necessary to know the author. This step is in favor.
2. Reading poetry is also necessary. Not only to read, but also to recite. The more familiar, the better.
As for "knowing poetry", I feel there may be a problem. Ancient poetry is the essence of ancient literature, with concise language and beautiful artistic conception. Sometimes it involves using allusions or borrowing things to satirize, borrowing things to compare, borrowing scenery to express feelings and so on. This requires not only a proper grasp of poetry, but also a thorough understanding of the current situation. Otherwise, talk about what you mean and what you experience. Of course, some poems, although you can't say clearly what they really want to express, can resonate with readers when you read them. Perhaps, what we can understand is our own understanding of poetry, and what we can understand is only the reduction and embodiment of poetry in ourselves or in our lives! !
4. So, don't delve into three or four steps, and don't drill too deep. For the exam, it is enough for students to say what each poem is about word for word.
5. recite it after you finish it. The so-called "reading a hundred times, its meaning is self-evident." In fact, this is the experience of many adults. When I was a child, I read poems, no matter how much I read, I just memorized them. When I grow up, I suddenly think of this poem before I can really understand it.
Expert opinion:
Ancient poetry teaching
Ancient poetry teaching is an important part of Chinese teaching in primary schools. From the language point of view, the ancient Chinese is used, with strong sense of rhythm, great leap, many words and concentrated meaning. We should focus on understanding the meaning of ancient poetry, understand the meaning of ancient poetry, and distinguish the difference between ancient and modern meanings. Judging from the content of the narrative, it is far from the times. In addition, primary school students have low cognitive level, lack of abstract thinking ability and lack of background knowledge of ancient poetry. Therefore, the understanding and perception of ancient poetry has naturally become a difficult point in the teaching of ancient poetry. In order to highlight the teaching key points and break through the teaching difficulties, the author thinks that we can use "knowing people to understand poems (words);" Teaching ancient poems with the mode of "reading poems (words) and interpreting their meanings" and insisting on cultivating students' learning habits of "searching, interpreting, correcting, guessing, adjusting and supplementing" can improve students' taste and effectiveness in learning ancient poems.
First, in the process of "knowing poets (words) and solving poems (words)", it is a habit to "behave well".
I still clearly remember that when I was studying, my teacher began to teach ancient poetry with the idea of "knowing people to understand poetry". Although it was difficult to remember at that time, in retrospect, it was at that time that the great poets and poets who were deeply imprinted in their minds made great efforts to remember. Now, the practice of time has basically been eliminated, and it has been replaced by multimedia to create scenes and introduce pictures and music. Of course, these methods can guide students to understand the artistic conception of poetry more deeply, help students understand the connotation and entertain and educate, but they really ignore the understanding of poets and poets. In fact, in the teaching of ancient poetry, long-term adherence to the training of "understanding poems (words)" has the following advantages: First, it can develop a good habit of consulting ancient poetry materials. Let the students know the life and writing characteristics of the poet (word) and the historical background of the poem (word) in reference, so as to pave the way for understanding the whole poem (word) (such as the seven-step poem). Secondly, starting with the title of the poem (word), we can cultivate the ability to examine the topic, so that we can perceive the whole poem (word) and understand the general idea of the whole poem (such as Xiuzi). From this point of view, at the beginning of the teaching of ancient poetry, we should adhere to the training of "knowing people to understand poetry" and make it one of the lifelong habits of students to learn ancient poetry.
Second, in "reading poetry (words) and understanding the meaning of poetry (words)", let "explain, change, guess,
Toning has become a habit.
Try to understand the ancient poetry (words) sentences under the new curriculum reform. No matter in the class of famous teachers or the ordinary class of front-line teachers, most of them use rough ideas such as multimedia and notes, and do not seek literal translation (ancient and modern word meaning translation), which is an advanced teaching method worth popularizing. However, in rural primary schools, in the teaching of ancient poems, it is still feasible to insist on using the learning method of "interpretation, exchange, guess, adjustment and supplement" to directly train students to translate ancient poems, so that it can become a learning habit and be used for life.
1, explain-check comments, explain comments, and read comments. This is a common way to learn ancient poetry. In teaching, students should always be reminded to use all kinds of learning resources around them to try to translate poetry literally and understand its meaning.
2. Change-the interchange of ancient and modern characters. For example, when I was teaching the poems Three Ancient Poems and The Shepherd Boy, the tenth volume of the textbook, I understood the word "paved" in "crossing six or seven miles with grass" and asked the students to look it up in the dictionary and find the entry: paved or slippery things! After roughly understanding the meaning of the poem, let students compose music for "Pu", and students will soon think of overwhelming (replacing the monosyllabic word "Pu" in ancient Chinese with the polysyllabic word "Overwhelming" in modern Chinese, they will immediately realize the artistic conception of lush vegetation and vast grassland).
3. Guess-guess the meaning of words in ancient poems (words) in combination with the context. For example, I am teaching the word "Dengguazhou" in eleven volumes. When understanding "a water room between Guazhou and Jingkou", let the students guess its meaning, and some say it is "partition". So let the students argue with real life. The result can be interpreted as "separation" or "interval", and both can indicate the distance between Jingkou and Guazhou.
4. Tone sandhi-changing word order, that is, the word order in ancient Chinese sentences is sometimes different from that in modern Chinese sentences and needs to be changed to be translated correctly. For example, in the poem Jueju, when we understand it as "a ship moored in Wu Dong, Wan Li", it should be changed to "a ship moored in Wu Dong, Wan Li", which translates as "a ship moored in front of Wan Li".
5, fill in the blanks-fill in the blanks, that is, in the literal translation of ancient poetry, when the meaning jumps greatly and the meaning is implied, students should be taught to add meaning and add meaning. For example, in the ancient poem "Dengguazhou", when we understand that "Jingkou Guazhou is separated by a river and Zhongshan is separated by several mountains", students may mechanically understand the three place names of Jingkou, Guazhou and Zhongshan as "Jingkou and Guazhou are separated by a river and Jingkou and Nanjing are separated by several mountains", and will not understand their meanings and the author's thoughts. At this time, the teacher can guide students to fill in the blanks: this is what the poet saw and heard when he visited his hometown in Guazhou. The author's heart flew over the Yangtze River and several mountains, and when he arrived at his hometown of Zhongshan, his heart was near, and he especially wanted to "return"; And a Yangtze river water, several mountains, long mountains and long roads cannot be "turned back". By comparing the psychological distance with the actual distance, the author expresses the poet Wang Anshi's strong homesickness during his journey.
In short, the teaching of ancient poetry should attach importance to the learning of knowledge, the cultivation of emotions, attitudes and values, and the cultivation of learning methods, learning skills and learning habits, just like the teaching of other narratives, expositions, essays and novels. Let students master the essence of learning ancient poetry, consciously use learning methods, feel the reason and feelings of ancient poetry, accumulate ancient poetry, and consciously develop the ability to read and accumulate ancient poetry since enlightenment.