Appreciation of Autumn Poems (Ⅱ)
? Wang chuanxue
The continuous autumn rain makes people feel melancholy. Wanderers who are away from home are more likely to miss home when they see autumn rain.
The autumn rain in Li Shangyin, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, sent friends to the north on a rainy night, which gave birth to worries about travel.
June asked whether the return date has not yet been determined.
Autumn pool night rain rises.
When * * * cut off the western window candle,
But words in the rain at night.
This poem is a lyric poem written by the poet to his wife in Bashu, a foreign land, and a reply from the poet to the other party. The first two sentences of this poem, with questions and answers and descriptions of the immediate environment, illustrate the lonely feelings and deep nostalgia for his wife. The last two sentences imagine the joy of meeting again in the future and compare with the loneliness tonight. This poem is improvised, showing the twists and turns of the poet's feelings in an instant. The language is concise, and there is no trace of modification in the wording and sentence making. Unlike most of the poets' poems, which are characterized by flowery rhetoric, exquisite allusions and good at symbolism and suggestion, this poem is simple and natural, and also has the artistic characteristics of "deep sustenance and gentle wording".
The first question and answer, first pause, then turn, ups and downs, very expressive. The sadness of his journey and the pain of not coming back flooded his mind. Next, I wrote the eye scene at this time: "It rains at night in the autumn pool." The sorrow of the journey that has jumped from the paper and the pain that can't go back are intertwined with the continuous and dense night rain, which rises all over the autumn pool and fills the night sky of Bashan. However, this sadness and pain is only a natural expression through the prospect of the eyes; The poet didn't say anything about bitterness, but set out from this prospect, galloped his imagination and opened up a new realm, expressing his wish to "cut the candle at the west window, but talk about the rain at night". The strangeness of its conception is really a bit unexpected. However, if you put yourself in the other's shoes, you will feel sincere and sincere, and every word will naturally flow from your heart. The word "when" is a wish, which comes from the reality of "when you ask about its return date" in generate: "* * * cut …" and "don't say anything …", which is a desire for future happiness inspired by current hardships. Looking forward to "cutting the candle at the west window" when you get home, it is self-evident that you are homesick at this time. I hope I can reunite with my wife one day, but when I say "rain at night", I just listen to "rain at night" alone, which is not obvious. Cutting candles alone, staying up late, reading his wife's letter asking about the return date in the rain of Bashan, it is not difficult to imagine that his mood is depressed and lonely. The poet, on the other hand, crosses all this to write about the future, hoping to catch up with everything tonight in the joy of reunion. Therefore, the joy of the future naturally reflects the bitterness of tonight; The bitterness of this evening has become the material for cutting candles in the future, adding to the joy of reunion. Four poems, as clear as words, so tortuous, so profound, so implicit and meaningful, memorable!
The originality of the above artistic conception is reflected in the originality of the composition structure. The word "period" can be seen from two aspects, one is to ask your wife and the other is to answer yourself; The wife asked to urge her to come back early, but lamented that the date of her return was not accurate. "Late Rain" re-emerged, one is a real scene among the guests, and it is a tight answer; One is to talk about help after going back, and the wife should ask from a distance. And with "how to do" in the middle, connect the past and the future, turn reality into nothingness, open up the realm of imagination, and make the cycle control of time and space blend seamlessly. Modern poetry generally avoids literal repetition, but this poem deliberately breaks away from convention. The two views of the word "period", especially the reappearance of "late rain", just constitute a wonderful cycle of timbre and composition, which just shows the artistic beauty of the cycle of time and space and achieves the perfect combination of content and form.
This poem is ingenious, ups and downs, concise, concise, short-lived, and has implicit power. It has attracted countless readers for thousands of years, making people never tire of reading.
Rong Hong, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote in "Dusk Rain and Autumn in Chengdu":
After the autumn rain enters the night, the autumn wind is new.
The fans quit first, and finally got dressed.
It's even harder to date Yan.
Who is biased in this situation, poor and idle, old and thin.
"After the autumn rain enters the night, the autumn wind is fresh." After an autumn rain, the weather became cool. I threw away the round fan and took off my summer clothes. No longer use bamboo mats, but also hear the sound of beating clothes to attract people's thoughts. Poetry is a "poor, idle, old and thin" person's mood, writing the homesickness brought by autumn rain.
Basheng Ganzhou, written by Liu Yong, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, is also a famous work that uses autumn rain to contain wandering worries.
Facing the rain from the sky, a piece of washed autumn scenery on the river is particularly cold. The bleak frost wind is tight, the river surface of the mountains and rivers is deserted, and the setting sun shines on the tall buildings. Red flowers wither everywhere, and all the beautiful scenery gradually disappears. Only the gushing water of the Yangtze river flows eastward without sound. ?
Without the heart to climb the distance and overlook the distant home, it is difficult to gather the desire to go home. Sigh for years, why stay. I want beautiful women to dress up, miss a few times, and return home. She will know that I am so sad leaning against the railing, and I am so sad.
This word expresses the poet's melancholy of wandering in the rivers and lakes and the sadness of frustrated official career. The whole poem is shallow and affectionate, combining scenery description and lyricism. By describing the sufferings of traveling and hard labor, he expressed strong homesickness and wrote the typical feelings of intellectuals in feudal society, thus becoming a famous article that has been told through the ages.
In the first part of Ci, the poet looks at the distance, and the description of the scenery is filled with a sense of sadness. At first, I always wrote about the scenery in autumn. After the rain, the sky is clear. The first two sentences, "Sprinkle a rainy night on the river to wash away the clear autumn", use the word "right" as a quotation to outline the poet's rainy scene in Qiu Jiang in the late autumn evening. The word "washing" is vivid and vivid, revealing a kind of artistic conception. Using the words "Xiao" and "Sprinkle" to describe the sunset rain seems to make people hear the sound of rain and see its dynamics. Then, the high-altitude scene was written in three lines: "first frost is getting colder, the cold river is closed, and the afterglow is the building", which further sets off the bleak and desolate atmosphere. Even Su Shi, who has always despised Liu Ci, praised that "this language does not diminish the height in Tang poetry" (Zhao Lingchou's Backstreet Record). The so-called "not reducing the height of the Tang people" mainly means that the scene is affectionate, the scene blends, and it is sad and magnificent. The cold wind and the drizzling dusk are close together, leaving the mountains and rivers cold. The afterglow of the sunset reflects the high-rise building where the poet lives, and every landscape he writes is permeated with the poet's deep affection. These three sentences are all dominated by the word "gradually". On the riverside in the evening after the rain, the cold wind is getting colder and colder, and it is getting more and more biting. I feel the same way, and what I see in front of me is also bleak. "Guanhe" was left out in the cold, and the poet's place was also shrouded in the sunset. It has also been ignored. The scenery is vast and the realm is lofty and majestic, which outlines a sad picture after the rain in late autumn and also permeates the melancholy of the wanderer. "It's down, down, down, down." These two sentences are written relatively low. Falling flowers and leaves are everywhere, and everything is dying, which has caused the poet's unavoidable sorrow. This is not only a description of the scenery, but also an expression of artistic conception. Seeing the flowers and trees wither, the changes in nature can't help but cause many regrets, let alone being a guest in a foreign country. The poet didn't tell people how they felt, but suggested that the Yangtze River flowed eastward without words. The poet thinks that "being speechless" is heartless. The word "only" implies that the "decaying and withered" flowers and trees are not speechless and heartless, nor are travelers who climb high and near. It's just that the Yangtze River water flows eastward, and the accusation of the Yangtze River water is unreasonable and affectionate. In the wordless flowing water of the Yangtze River, I have entrusted my youth with fleeting feelings.
The first part focuses on the scenery, but the scenery is full of affection, from high to low, from far to near, and is described layer by layer, which completely blends the rich autumn breath of nature with the sad feelings in the heart, which is hearty and fascinating.
The next film turns from scenery writing to lyricism, which is about the nostalgia for relatives in my hometown. I changed my face and confessed on the spot, expressing the ambivalence of missing my hometown but not wanting to climb high, for fear of causing more homesickness. Judging from the scenery written in the last part, the poet was originally climbing the mountain and facing the distance, while the next part was led out with the word "I can't bear to climb the mountain and face the distance", which is a turning point of the article and a euphemistic stretch of emotion. I climbed far away to see my hometown. If my hometown is too far away, I can't see it, but what I see is the desolate scenery that causes acacia, which naturally makes people feel unbearable. In fact, this is the center of the whole word. "Looking at my hometown is so charming, my thoughts are hard to take back." "Sighing for years, why bother to stay for a long time", these two sentences ask themselves and answer themselves, revealing the bitterness of staying in my hometown for a long time as a last resort. I don't know what the reason is when I think about my experience of wandering around in the rivers and lakes. Asked with hate, venting the deep sorrow of being tempted to have a home. There are questions and no answers, because the poet doesn't want to say it, which is very subtle. A word "sigh" conveys a thousand thoughts, which are at a loss, accurate and vivid. "I miss a beautiful woman for several times, and God knows how to get back to the boat." I wrote from the other side, and compared with myself leaning on the floor, I further wrote about the pain of missing the two places and took care of the lonely and sad scene in the last film. Although I am homesick, I imagine my hometown family is expecting my return. Beautiful people miss themselves, out of imagination, that is imagination; But the poet expressed his nostalgia with such details as "dressing up and looking up, missing several times, and returning from the sky", as if it were true. It is even more touching to look at people and reflect on themselves, turning virtual into reality. Finally, the other person will return to herself, saying that after many hopes and disappointments, the beauty will complain that she doesn't want to go home, but she doesn't know my sadness when I lean on the bar and look far away. It is reasonable to "lean on the railing" and "worry", but it is very ethereal to turn reality into emptiness from the other party's idea of "fighting for knowing me" It is really rare that feelings are so tortuous and the style of writing has changed so much. The ending echoes the beginning at a distance, which naturally makes people think that all the scenes are "leaning on the bar" and all the homesickness is caused by "sadness", which vividly shows the suffering of homesickness and the feeling of cherishing others.
The whole poem is titled "drizzly dusk rain", which goes deep and step by step, showing the feeling of homesickness by leaning against the railing on the stairs. The overall structure is tight, ups and downs, flexible response, and coordinated head and tail, which can well reflect the artistic characteristics of Liu Yong's ci.
Look at Autumn Rain on a Rainy Night by Zhang Yong, a poet in the Northern Song Dynasty;
Curtains rustling, bamboo courtyard deep.
Guest solitary companion lamp.
It rained all night for no reason,
Broke the heart of homesick Wan Li.
Zhang Yong was a famous minister in the Northern Song Dynasty. His home is in Juancheng, Zhou Pu (now Shandong), and he spent most of his life as an official. This poem was written in Chongyang, Ezhou (now Hubei).
The first sentence describes the scenery, starting with the outdoor space environment of the official residence, expressing the bleak autumn wind and autumn rain with the side description, and secretly deducing the poem "rainy night". The word "rustling" makes people hear the sharp autumn wind lift thin curtains, shake the rustling of dense bamboo, and the autumn rain beat the window lattice coldly, scattering the rustling of bamboo leaves. A "deep" not only indicates that the season is autumn, but also has a cool feeling; He also highlighted the deep loneliness in the courtyard and hinted at the poet's deep homesickness. Such a natural scene of "rain is coming, and the wind is full of buildings" especially makes people living in other places feel sad. This sentence conveys feelings through the scenery, which lays the groundwork for the psychology and behavior of the next sentence about homesickness.
The second sentence follows the last sentence, and the picture turns indoors to describe the lonely and unhappy life of the guests. "Loneliness" is a direct expression of one's feelings, and this feeling of "loneliness" is even more inevitable in a dark room on a rainy night and in such a cold and miserable environment. You can't sit in the dim light like wood! How to entertain this boundless loneliness and loneliness? Perhaps the only way to overcome this emotional loneliness is poetry. So he sang a song to himself-"Sing with the Lights". However, there is no bosom friend to enjoy, only a solitary lamp is shining. What a sad sentence it is to be in such a self-defense and inseparable situation!
The third sentence is a turning point. Write the scenery again, mainly from the perspective of hearing, with sound as the background. I sang alone for a long time in the long night. I'm tired, tired and bored. Just as I was about to sleep, he heard the sound of "rain hitting the empty ladder" more and more clearly. This cool autumn rain, bit by bit, drips tirelessly on my ears. This is a heartbreaking foreign music all night! "Rainy night", "empty steps", "lonely lamp" and "secluded house" are the most common images in China's ancient farewell poems. The poet chooses these images to create a sad and beautiful atmosphere. The word "empty" means that the night is silent and the yard is deserted; The second is to show the inexplicable panic caused by not being at home; In fact, the steps are not empty, and the ground is full of "haggard and damaged" bamboo branches and leaves, but the poet only said "empty" mainly to emphasize the feeling that residents are far from home and their lives are disillusioned. The word "for no reason" is used strangely. Unreasonable means "unprovoked, unreasonable." It is natural that "the rain hits the empty ladder", but the poet just takes it for granted. It's unreasonable, but it's interesting. Autumn rain doesn't know how to soothe the poet's homesickness, and it is even more sad and depressing!
The sentence is sonorous, rich and desolate. "Breaking Wan Li's homesickness" has shifted from the natural environment to people's mood. Poets are good at opening the joints between objective scenery, objects and subjective feelings and mentality, giving readers great imagination. The cold autumn rain, how can it be so unreasonable and incomprehensible, as if it were forced to make a few more marks on the already fragmented heart! That night, the interference of the rain made him unable to sleep. "Didi Po" embodies the connotation of "Kehuai". "Wan Li" and "One Night" echoed at a distance, and the distance between "Wan Li" and the moment of "One Night" formed a strong time-space contrast, which strongly highlighted the poet's homesickness: overnight, he seemed to have inserted his wings, flew over Qian Shan and dreamed of returning home. The word "Duan" is heavy and powerful, which strengthens the poet's homesickness and bitterness.
The ingenious combination of autumn rain and beauty charm is nothing more than the poem "Broken Magnolia" by Nalan Xingde, a poet in Qing Dynasty:
There is nothing to say when we meet, and a hibiscus leads the autumn rain. Little dizzy red tide, crooked heart only phoenix become warped.
Wait for the low voice, for fear that people will see it. If you want to complain about your affairs, turn around the cloister and knock on Yuchai.
The poet's pen is so light, as if a shy and light woman was suddenly pushed to you and me hundreds of years ago. The charm is all there, so far away, just like a wonderful flower swaying in the autumn rain, gorgeous and beautiful.
This poem occupies a very important position in Nalan's ci, which can be said to be the artistic peak of his love ci. This word is also very important for understanding Nalan Xingde's love experience. The content is about his second meeting with his first love girl, which coincides with the last word "like a dream". "This is a pulley and a gold well, full of bricks and stones. Suddenly, when we met, it was hard to be sure. Who saves, who saves. From then on, "light and shadow" intertwined to form a coherent plot. After falling in love at first sight, I finally met my long-cherished lover. This word describes a typical environment, namely cloisters. It was in this monastery that they had a secret love affair. In many later words, Nalan wrote about this cloister, which shows how important cloisters are in his life! Perhaps the first love is unforgettable. In the word "Yu Meiren", he wrote "the cloister is one inch lovesick" and the red window moon once wrote "I swear to live in the shadow of the cloister". Therefore, the cloister has become an important image of the word.
The artistic achievement of this word is, first of all, the success of character description, which shaped the image of a shy girl. Write a portrait first. She is so cute, just like a lotus with raindrops. She blushed, which made her more attractive. When I first met, I had a rare opportunity to tell each other how much, but I was afraid that others would see me, so I had to leave in a hurry. In particular, the action description vividly reproduces the girl's tapping on the jade hairpin, which is not a frivolous move, but a major decision made by the girl's complicated inner activities to resolve contradictions, that is, to make love for life. Through a series of action descriptions, the complex inner world of the girl is displayed. Secondly, the description of the environment, limiting the characters to such a typical environment as the cloister, makes this meeting more unforgettable. The first part is static description, focusing on the description of the girl's body; The next film is a dynamic description, focusing on the subtle movements of the girl tapping the Hosta. The third is the description of the details, the details of "Buckling the Hosta", which depicts the subtle movements of the girl tapping the Hosta in detail. Through this subtle action description, the girl's complex mentality is vividly expressed. Comparing this poem with Yan's love words in Song Dynasty, we can see Nalan's high style. Stylistically, this word is graceful and touching, and it is the top grade in love words.