1. Poems about Fengya Ode to Bixing
Poems about Fengya Ode to Bixing 1. What does Fengya Ode to Bixing mean?
So-called Feng, Ya and Song refer to the three categories classified by music in the Book of Songs. "Wind" refers to the national style, that is, the folk songs of various countries during the Western Zhou Dynasty. "Ya" is the song of the King of Zhou's capital. The capital of the King of Zhou was called Xia by the Zhou people. In ancient times, Ya and Xia were the same, so it was called this. "Ya" is divided into Daya and Xiaoya, which are similar in meaning to the Daqu and Xiaoqu of later generations. "Song" means to describe and praise. It was the song used by the rulers at that time when they performed sacrifices.
The so-called Fu, Bi and Xing are the main expression techniques in The Book of Songs. "Fu" means to elaborate, to state things directly without using metaphors. "Bi" is a metaphor, comparing another thing to this thing. "Xing" means association, emotion caused by the scene, and excitement caused by things. This artistic expression technique is the main visualization method for poetry creation, and has had a profound and far-reaching influence on the poetry creation of later generations.
2. The author and content of "Ode to Fengya" and "Fu Bixing"
The Book of Songs
China's first collection of poetry. It was called "Shi" or "Three Hundred Poems" before it was regarded as a classic by scholars in the Han Dynasty. It contains 305 poems from about 500 years from the early Western Zhou Dynasty (11th century BC) to the middle Spring and Autumn Period (6th century BC). The works are composed of lyrics to music. The original editor may have been a music official in the imperial court. The poem is divided into three parts: Feng, Ya and Song.
Wind is a musical tune, also known as national style. It is the folk song of each prince's land. Most of them are folk songs, rich in thought and artistry. They are the most important part of "The Book of Songs" and are divided into Zhounan, Zhaonan, Bei There are 160 chapters in the fifteen national styles of , Yong, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Hui, Cao, and Bin. Ya is the formal music of the Wangji region of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It has 105 chapters and is divided into "Daya" and "Xiaoya". "Daya" has 31 chapters, which are used for princes' court meetings; "Xiaoya" has 74 chapters, which are used for noble banquets. Songs are dance songs and lyrics used for worship in the ancestral temples of the ruling class. There are 40 pieces in total, divided into "Songs of Zhou", "Songs of Lu" and "Songs of Shang".
It is difficult to determine the age of production of each part of "The Book of Songs". Generally speaking, the entire "Song of Zhou" and most of "Daya" are works of the early Western Zhou Dynasty; a small part of "Daya" and "Xiao" are Most of "Ya" are works from the late Western Zhou Dynasty; most of "Guofeng" and all "Songs of Lu" and "Songs of Shang" are works from the Spring and Autumn Period.
Judging from the content of the Book of Songs, although elegant poems and odes are songs used by the ruling class on specific occasions, they also reflect social life in different aspects and have certain cognitive value. For example, chapters such as "Wu", "Huan", "Chen Gong" and "Feng Nian" in Zhou Songzhong praise King Wu's destruction of the Shang Dynasty, and the sacrificial songs for praying for grain in spring and summer and thanking gods in autumn and winter show the historical scenes and production conditions at that time; Many poems in Da Ya and Da Ya, such as "Sheng Min" and "Gong Liu", not only simply praise ancestors and gods, but also begin to pay attention to the description of social life.
The later poems also made great progress in art. Not only did they become larger in length, have neat syntax, and smooth language, they also had vivid metaphors and strong imagery and appeal (such as "Plucking Wei", " "Why the Grass Is Not Yellow" and other chapters). "National Style" preserves many oral creations of working people and has strong folk song characteristics. Many of the chapters reflect the lives of working people 2,500 years ago and express their thoughts and feelings. For example, "July" reflects the life of blood and tears of farmers at that time; "Sandalwood Cutting" describes the loggers' angry rebuke to slave owners who got something for nothing; "Shuo Mouse" even compares those exploiters to big rats. Poems such as "The Decline", "Drumming", and "Rising Water" also reflect the pain and torture caused by the heavy corvee and military service that the working people bear.
Poems with the theme of love and marriage occupy a relatively large space, reflecting women’s pursuit of love and happiness, as well as the pain caused to them by unreasonable marriage ("Gu Feng", "Meng"), There are also love songs that express the health and optimism of young men and women ("Qin Wei", "Jing Nu", "Papaya", etc.). In addition, many folk songs were works that exposed and satirized the princes and nobles, sharply exposed the rulers' dirty deeds and lashed out their ugly souls. "National Style" not only expresses the working people's understanding, love and hatred of reality, but also reflects the creative characteristics of realism with its simple language description, display of simple life scenes, and the creation of a large number of lyrical protagonists, laying the foundation for Chinese literature. realist tradition.
The use of Fu, comparison and xing expression techniques summarized by predecessors in the Book of Songs enhances the vividness, distinctness and artistic appeal of the poems; the language is accurate, beautiful and full of imagery , also gives the poem a greater artistic effect. The Book of Songs is the glorious starting point of Chinese literature. Its ideological and artistic achievements have had a huge impact on the development of Chinese literature, and it also occupies an important position in the history of Chinese and even world literature.
3. Introduction to Fengya Ode to Bixing
Fengya Ode to Bixing originated from the Book of Songs and is collectively known as the "Six Meanings". Tang Kong Yingda's "Mao Shi Zhengyi" said: " Fu Bixing is the use of poetry, and Fengya ode is the formation of poetry." The former is the method of poetry, and the latter is the genre of poetry. Fu and Bi are relatively clear, but there are doubts about Xing. There are many differences among later generations and there is no final conclusion. Liu Xie's "winds are connected and his poems are the same", and his elegance and poetry are similar. Fu, as a general expression technique of poetry, "connects with positive changes and combines beauty and thorns".
There have been many explanations for Bihexing in the past dynasties, and there are three theories: political explanation, language explanation and literary explanation. Ode to Fengya is an artistic technique that uses different forms to make people understand it differently. It is a modern contrast. It first introduces other things and then introduces the original things. This leads to differences in artistic styles and later gradually forms various literary schools.
4. Specific examples of "Feng Ya Song Fu Bi Xing"
Feng, Ya, Song, Fu, Bi and Xing originated from the Book of Songs and are collectively known as the "Six Meanings".
1. Wind: Also known as "Guo Feng", there are 15 groups in one song. "Wind" is the general name of music. Take the part of "Guan Ju" as an example: Guan Ju Guan Guan Ju Jiu, in Hezhizhou.
A graceful lady, a gentleman likes to fight. There are various water plants flowing left and right.
A graceful lady, I long for her. The author of "Guanyong" is unknown. It comes from "The Book of Songs·Guofeng·Zhounan" and is a Chinese folk song from the pre-Qin era.
Vernacular definition: The chirping doves inhabit the small island in the river. A virtuous and beautiful woman is a good spouse for a gentleman.
The jagged water-lilies were picked from left to right. A virtuous and beautiful woman, I want to pursue her day and night.
2. Ya: "Ya" is one of the components of "The Book of Songs". These include 74 articles in "Xiaoya", 31 articles in "Daya", and 105 articles in ***, collectively called "Two Ya".
Take the "King of Wen" part as an example. King Wen King Wen is above, Yu Zhao Yu Tian.
Although Zhou was an old state, its destiny was restored. There are weeks that don't show up, and the emperor's orders come from time to time.
King Wen surrendered and was at the emperor's side. King Wen of Qi and Qi made people unable to stop hearing about it.
Chen Xizai Zhou was the grandson of King Hou Wen. The grandson of King Wen has lived in this branch for hundreds of generations, and all the people of the Zhou Dynasty will not show up in the world.
The world is not visible, but it is still winged. Sihuang Toshi was born in this kingdom.
The author of "King Wen" is Zhou Gong, who lived in the Western Zhou Dynasty. It comes from an article in "The Book of Songs·Daya·Shi of King Wen". It is a poem from the pre-Qin era.
Vernacular interpretation: King Wen has a heroic spirit in the sky, and his radiance shines brightly in the sky. Although Qizhou is an old state, it accepts the destiny of the new state.
The future of the Zhou family is infinitely bright, and it is destiny for the Zhou family to prosper. King Wen ascended and descended, always accompanying God in heaven.
3. Songs: including 31 "Zhou Songs", 4 "Lu Songs", 5 "Shang Songs", and 40 *** poems, collectively called the "Three Songs". Take the "Panshui" part as an example.
Pan Shui Sile Pan Shui, pick the celery in a thin layer. The Marquis of Lu stopped being violent and watched his flag.
The flags are flying and the luan is chirping. No matter small or big, follow the public and lead the way.
The author of "Panshui" is unknown. It comes from the "Book of Songs. Lu Song·Panshui" during the Spring and Autumn Period of the dynasty. This poem was written after Duke Xi of Lu defeated Huaiyi.
Vernacular meaning: Rushing happily to the Pan Palace waterfront to pick water celery for the ceremony. Our great lord Luhou arrived and saw the flags and tents turning in the sky from a distance.
I saw the flag fluttering in the wind, and the chariot's bells ringing sweetly. No matter small people or high-ranking officials, they all followed Lu Hou all the way.
4. Fu: It is a straightforward narrative, that is, people express their thoughts, feelings and related things in a straightforward manner. For example, "July" describes the life of farmers in the twelve months of the year, using fu.
July The fire flows in July, and the clothes are given in September. On the first day, there is hair, and on the second day, the body is strong.
How can one die without clothes or brown hair? On the third day, he was in Shu, and on the fourth day, he raised his toes.
The author of "July" is unknown. During the Western Zhou Dynasty, "Guofeng·Binfeng·July" is a poem in the "Book of Songs", the first poetry collection in ancient China. Vernacular interpretation: In July, the fires fall to the west, and in September, women sew cold clothes.
The north wind blows strongly in November, and the cold air blows in December. How can I spend the end of the year without good clothes or rough clothes? In the first month, we started to repair the hoe and plow, and in the second month, we went to the fields to cultivate.
He took his wife and children with him and delivered the rice to the land in the sun. The field officer was very happy. 5. Bi: It is analogy (Fu Bi Xing Zhong Bi means analogy, which is different from the metaphors circulated on the Internet. Please inquire separately for the detailed differences between analogies and metaphors. I will not go into details here). It is the most basic technique and the most commonly used one. universal.
Take the "Shuo Ren" part as an example. A handsome man is a handsome man, and he is well-dressed and well-dressed.
The son of the Marquis of Qi and the wife of the Marquis of Wei. The sister of Donggong, the aunt of Marquis Xing, and the Duke of Tan are protecting his private interests.
The hands are like catkins, the skin is like condensed fat, the collar is like a cricket grub, the teeth are like gourd rhinoceros, the head is like a moth and the eyebrows are moth-like, the smile is charming, and the beautiful eyes are looking forward to it. "Guo Feng·Wei Feng·Shuo Ren" is a poem in the "Book of Songs", the first poetry collection in ancient China. It was written by an unknown author in the Zhou Dynasty.
Vernacular definition: What a beautiful girl, wearing a linen blouse and embroidered clothes. She is the beloved daughter of the Marquis of Qi, the bride of the Marquis of Wei, the sister of the Crown Prince, the aunt of the Marquis of Xing, and Mr. Tan is her brother-in-law.
Her hands are as tender as spring catkins, her skin is as white and moist as gelatin, her neck is as graceful as a cricket grub, and her teeth are as neat as gourds. The forehead is plump, the eyebrows are long and slender, the smile is charming and the eyes are charming.
6. Xing, mentioning other things first to trigger the words to be chanted. Take the section "Peacock Flies Southeast" as an example.
The peacock flies southeast "The peacock flies southeast, wandering for five miles. Thirteen can weave textiles, fourteen learn to tailor clothes, fifteen play the konghou, and sixteen recite poems."
Seventeen is a gentleman's wife, and her heart is always miserable. Since you are a government official, you will never waver in your integrity. Your humble concubine will keep her room empty, and you will seldom see each other.
Author: Anonymous, year of creation. Year of creation. The source of the work is "New Odes of Yutai".
Vernacular interpretation: "(I) was able to weave fine white silk from the age of thirteen to sixteen, learned how to cut clothes, play the harp, and recite poetry. I became your wife at the age of seventeen, and I often feel like I feel painful sadness.
Since you have become a small official in the prefecture, you abide by the rules of the government and stay focused. The days we see each other are very few.
p>Baidu Encyclopedia. Guan Ju (the first poem in "The Book of Songs") Baidu Encyclopedia. The Book of Songs·Wen Wangzhi·Wen Wang Baidu Encyclopedia.Lu Song·Panshui Baidu Encyclopedia.Guofeng·Binfeng·July Baidu Encyclopedia. National Style·Weifeng·Shuoren Baidu Encyclopedia.Peacock Flying Southeast (Han Yuefu Poetry)
5. What is the specific meaning of Fengya Ode to Bixing
Feng. It is local music from different regions. "Wind" poems were collected from 15 regions including Zhounan, Zhaonan, Bei, Yong, Wei, Wang, Zheng, Qi, Wei, Tang, Qin, Chen, Hui, Cao and Bin. Folk songs. ***160 pieces.
Ya is the music of the areas directly under the Zhou Dynasty, which is the so-called formal music. Music and songs are divided into 31 chapters in "Daya", 74 chapters in "Xiaoya", and 105 chapters in "Xiaoya" according to different music.
Songs are dances and songs for sacrifices in ancestral temples, and the content is mostly about praising ancestors. The "Song" poems are divided into 31 "Zhou Songs", 4 "Shang Songs", and 40 "Songs of Shang".
Fu: straightforward narration, elaboration, and parallelism.
Bi: metaphor.
Xing: supporting things. Xing refers to other things first, and then uses them to associate things, thoughts, and feelings that the poet wants to express. It is equivalent to the symbolic rhetoric method we often use. The state of me and the state of no-self
Extended information
1. Origin:
Fengya Song Fu Bixing originated from the Book of Songs, collectively known as "Liu Shi". "Yi", Tang Kong Yingda's "Mao Shi Zhengyi" said: "Fu Bixing is the purpose of poetry, and elegant ode is the formation of poetry"; the former is the method of poetry, and the latter is the genre of poetry. Fu and Bixing are clearer, while Xing There are doubts, and there are many differences among later generations, and there is no conclusion. Liu Xie's "style of poetry is the same as the style of poetry", and poetry is the general expression method of poetry.
2. Introduction:
The concept of "Fu Bixing" existed as early as the Spring and Autumn Period, and then continued to accumulate. It was first summarized by "Zhou Li·Chun Guan·Master": "Teach six poems, say Feng, say Fu, say Bi, say Xing, It's called Ya, and it's called Song. Take the six virtues as the foundation and the six rhythms as the sound."
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ode to Fengya
Baidu Encyclopedia - Ode to Fengya and Bixing
6. Decryption: What are the literary characteristics of Fengya and Fu Bixing in the Book of Songs?
"The Book of Songs" is divided into three parts: Feng, Ya and Song.
1. "Wind." " is the music of various vassal states;
2. "Ya" is the official music of the Zongzhou area;
3. "Song" is the music of sacrifices in the ancestral temple.
As for "Daya" and "Xiaoya", they should be divided according to music. "Those who are broad, quiet, and open to the letter should sing "Daya"; those who are thrifty and polite should sing "Xiaoya". The artistic techniques of "The Book of Songs" are summarized as "Fu, Bi, Xing", which together with "Feng, Ya and Song" are called "Six Meanings".
1. Fu is a straightforward narrative, that is, the poet expresses his thoughts, feelings and related things in a straightforward manner.
2. Comparison is a metaphor, comparing another thing to this thing. The poet has the ability or emotion to use one thing as a metaphor.
3. Xing is the word that stirs things up. Objective things trigger the poet's emotions and cause the poet to sing, so it is mostly at the beginning of the poem.
The use of Fu, Bi, and Xing is not only an important symbol of the artistic characteristics of the Book of Songs, but also initiated the basic techniques of ancient Chinese poetry creation. There have always been many opinions on the meaning of Fu, Bi and Xing.
The three techniques of Fu, Bi and Xing are often used interchangeably in poetry creation, and together they create the artistic image of poetry and express the poet's emotions.
It is generally believed that Feng, Ya and Song are the classification and content themes of poetry; Fu, Bi and Xing are the expression techniques of poetry. Among them, Feng, Ya, and Song are divided according to different music, and Fu, Bi, and Xing are divided according to expression techniques.
7. Fengya Ode and Fu Bixing, detailed explanation and examples
Fu Chen, one work to lay out. Arrangement is the abbreviation of layout and arrangement. In longer poems, presentation and parallelism are often used together. Arrangement refers to a series of closely related landscape objects, events, characters, and character behaviors in a certain order, forming a group of sentences with basically the same structure and basically the same tone. It can not only lay out the words vividly and delicately, but also concentrate and strengthen the momentum of the words. It can also exaggerate a certain environment, atmosphere and mood.
In Fu style, especially the rich and gorgeous Han Fu, fu method is widely used. Han Yuefu and some five-character poems of the Han Dynasty also influenced each other with Han Fu, and combined elaboration and parallelism to complement each other. "Bin Feng·July" intensively uses the technique of fu to narrate the life of a farmer throughout the year in accordance with the order of seasonal phenological changes. Others include the unfortunate encounter of an abandoned wife in "The Gangster", the scene in the farmyard at dusk in "The Gentleman in Service", the deep longing for his wife in his hometown in "Drumming", and the joy of a man and woman meeting for a spring outing in "Qin Wei", etc. They are all directly narrated using the technique of fu. Metaphor is a metaphor, which is the most basic technique and the most commonly used. Generally speaking, the metaphorical things used for comparison are more vivid, concrete, clear and familiar to people than the ontological things being compared, making it easier for people to associate and imagine. The image is vivid and clearly highlights the characteristics of things (things). "Bi" is also found everywhere in folk songs. The use of "Bi" makes the language of poetry more vivid and expressive. For example, "Shuo Ren" uses six metaphors to praise the beauty of a woman:
The hand is as soft as The catkin has a skin like condensed fat, a collar like a caterpillar, teeth like a gourd rhinoceros, and a moth-like eyebrow. A beautiful smile and beautiful eyes.
These metaphors describe the beauty of women so vividly and vividly that people can almost feel that they have heard and witnessed it. Therefore, these metaphors have been continuously used by later generations and become idioms to describe the beauty of women. Others, such as using a toad as a metaphor for the lewd and lustful Duke Wei Zhuang ("New Taiwan"), and using the beautiful Huahua as a metaphor for a woman's appearance ("A Girl Riding a Car"), are equally apt and realistic. Xing Xing, first mention other things to trigger the words to be chanted. In terms of characteristics, there are two situations: direct rise and rise, and rise and rise in comparison; in terms of usage, there are two forms: rise and rise at the beginning of the chapter and rise and conclude. It stimulates readers' associations, enhances the meaning, and produces a vivid and poetic artistic effect. "Xing" is generally used at the beginning of a poem. Most of the objects used to bring Xing into folk songs in the Book of Songs are natural flowers, plants and trees, birds, beasts, insects, fish, mountains and rivers, the sun, moon and stars, such as the brilliant peach blossoms ("Peach Blossom"), The harmonious singing of doves ("Guanyong"), the green bamboos of Yiyi ("Qiao"), the bright moon ("Moonrise"), etc. This poem is sung with three sighs, telling the longing for the elusive "beautiful person", and the green grass and clear white dew used to cheer up complement each other with the sad and melancholy mood of the protagonist, making the whole poem interesting. There was a faint layer of sadness. Wang Guowei once praised it as "the most popular and profound", and this is due to the wonderful use of "Xing". Wind is the national style and is a folk song from various places. There are fifteen national styles in the Book of Songs. The more common chapters such as "Guanyong", "Jianjia", "Meng", "July" and other Ya include Daya and Xiaoya. Most of them were written by nobles and nobles, and are generally regarded as "zhengsheng". Common chapters include "Cai Wei", "Lu Ming", "Jiang Han", "Siqi" (the first two chapters belong to Xiaoya and the last two belong to Daya), etc. Songs are music for worshiping and praising saints, and are divided into Zhou Songs, Lu Songs and Shang Songs. Common chapters include "My General", "You Guest", "Xuanniao", etc.
8. What is the meaning of Fengya Song Fu Bixing
Wind is the tune of music, and national style is the tune of various regions, including Zhou Nan\Zhao Nan\Bei Feng\Quan Feng\ Wei Feng\Wang Feng\Zheng Feng\Qi Feng\Wei Feng\Tang Feng\Qin Feng\Chen Feng\Hui Feng\Cao Feng\Bin Feng and other fifteen national styles; Ya means Zheng, which means the court is happy, and Wang Ji of the Western Zhou Dynasty The music is divided into Daya and Xiaoya. The 31 pieces in Daya are works of the Western Zhou Dynasty, most of which were written in the early Western Zhou Dynasty, and a small number were composed in the Western Zhou Dynasty. The 74 pieces in Xiaoya are probably works of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Except for a few pieces, the rest are all works of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. It is a work of the late Western Zhou Dynasty. The authors of Daya are mainly upper-class nobles, while the authors of Xiaoya include both upper-class nobles, lower-class nobles and people with low status. Songs are the music for sacrifices in ancestral temples, many of which are dance music, and the music may be more soothing. There are 31 Zhou odes, which are poems from the early Western Zhou Dynasty. 4 Lu odes, which were produced in the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period during the reign of Duke Lu Xi. Direct narration means that the poet expresses his thoughts, feelings and related things in a straightforward manner. Comparison means comparing another thing to this thing. The poet has the ability or emotion to use an object as a metaphor. Xing means touching the object and inspiring the words. Objective things trigger the poet's emotions and cause him to sing, so most of them are at the origin of poetry. The three techniques of poetry, comparison, and xing are often used interchangeably in poetry creation, and together they create the artistic image of the poetry and express it. The poet's emotion.
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