"Meteorology in the prosperous Tang Dynasty refers to the vigorous meteorology in poetry." [1] It "focuses on the overall impression of poetry in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the style and spirit of the times of poetry are broad, bold, far-reaching and beyond; Abundant vitality, creative fun, brand-new experience; And through the use of images, the presentation of artistic conception, the combination of temperament and melody, a new aesthetic feeling is formed [2]; It covers the broad vision, free and active thoughts, vigorous vitality and high-spirited spirit of the literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It shows the overall mental outlook of a powerful country in its heyday. As a great romantic poet in this period, Li Bai's poems strongly and vividly expressed this prosperous atmosphere in Tang Dynasty.
First, the superiority and self-confidence of a prosperous country, the poet's positive attitude towards life and great political ambition.
140 years, the national capacity is impressive.
The faint Five Peaks Tower, I crossed the Three Rivers.
Governors are like stars and moons, and guests are like clouds.
The Golden Hall of Cockfighting, next to Cuju Yaotai.
-Li Bai's Fifty-nine Ancient Poems (Part 46)
Looking back at the heyday of Kaiyuan, there are still thousands of families in the small town.
Rice is fat and white, and public and private warehouses are rich.
There are no jackals and tigers on the road in Kyushu, so this is a lucky day for a long trip.
Lu's "Driving Class", male ploughing female mulberry.
-Du Fu's Two Memories of the Past (I)
Before the founding of the Tang Dynasty to the "An Shi Rebellion", the country was on the rise, especially during the Kaiyuan and Tianbao years, when the world was peaceful and the country was rich and the people were safe, and it had reached the peak of feudal society. This unprecedented prosperity has greatly inspired the national self-confidence and superiority of the people of China. The poet can't help singing loudly and praising this era. He is determined to devote himself to this era. "If there is no Jiang Haizhi, he will send the sun and the moon smartly. Born as a human being, I can't bear to say goodbye forever "—— Du Fu praised Tang Xuanzong in" Memorizing 500 Words in Fengxian County ",comparing it with Yao Shun, the wise king of ancient times, and then expressing his heart of serving the country. "It's better for a politician to be idle if he wants to cross Yueyang without a boat." In Dongting Lake to Prime Minister Zhang, Meng Haoran used Dongting Lake as a metaphor to say that he was born in a prosperous time and will do something when he meets a monarch. Wan Li never hesitated to die, but he succeeded once. He painted a picture of the Kirin Pavilion and entered the Mingguang Palace. He laughed at the scribes, who were poor and white, and the ancients often became old people. "-Gao Shi praised the victory of the frontier war in Song of Xia Sai, showing his confidence in the country and the nation, hoping to join the army and make meritorious deeds, and disdaining being an old man. We are waiting for the news of victory in Xiguan! . "-Cen Can enthusiastically eulogized the Western Expeditionary Army's brave crossing of Zouchuan despite all difficulties, confidently predicting that the enemy would be frightened, and good news would come soon. "If you don't break Loulan, the yellow sand won't be returned." -Wang Changling's "Journey to the Army" was impassioned (4). Li Bai also wrote many frontier poems to express his generosity in serving the country and going to the frontier to kill the enemy. For example, one of Xia Sai's Six Poems (Five In the snow in Tianshan Mountains, no flowers, only cold. I have heard of "folding willow" in the flute, but I have never seen spring scenery. Fight the golden drum at dawn and hold the jade saddle at night. I am willing to cut my sword at my waist and cut Loulan straight. ") and" join the army "(.
Bankruptcy is not home until the ovaries roar.
The sea is a strong man, and the Qin Dynasty is a wave of sand.
Although it didn't report to South Korea, the world shook.
It is unwise to dive and swim at the pier.
Another example is Yin:
Didn't you see that song is Tu Jingjin, eighty west fish Weibin!
Would you rather be ashamed of your white hair or shine with the water? Be energetic and consider the economy at an appropriate time.
Fishing with a width of 3.6 thousand, the wind is dark and close to King Wen.
The Great Sage Tiger became stupid and unpredictable, and looked like an ordinary person in those days.
Didn't you see that Levin drinkers are drafting, and they have already paid tribute to Shandong Dragon Zhun Gong?
Beginners don't worship eloquence, but two women give up washing and follow suit.
There are seventy-two Qi cities in the east, and the Chu and Han governors.
Another example is "Reading ZhuGeWuHou Biography, giving the book to Uncle Cui Shaofu of Chang 'an to seal Kunji":
Red crouching brings bad luck, Wolong brings good luck.
When he was in Nanyang, Long Mu bent down to cultivate his morality.
The combination of fish and water makes the world full of clouds.
The marquis of Wu established himself in Fujian and Shu, aiming at swallowing salty Beijing.
Another example is Dong's Eleven Songs (below):
But with Dongshan Xie Anshi, I smile at Jinghu sand for you.
Li Bai spoke highly of those who made outstanding achievements in ancient times. On the one hand, he expressed his desire to join the WTO, on the other hand, he also expressed his desire to make great achievements on the basis of joining the WTO. Sean was brave and chivalrous. Gao Zu didn't work for South Korea before, and asked a strong man to attack Qin Shihuang in Bolangsha. This alone makes Li Bai admire him very much. 1980, Jiang Taigong paid a visit to King Wen with a "Hajj Song" and helped King Wu to establish the Zhou Dynasty. With a mouthful of golden words, Li Bai went down to the seventy-two cities in the East. Li Bai also admired their wizards and wisdom. Zhuge Liang lived in Longzhong and devoted himself to practice. After he came out of the mountain, he followed his predecessor Liu Bei to the north, and achieved one-third of the wonders in the world. Xie Anye and Lin returned to Dongshan and swept hundreds of thousands of enemy troops in the south ... They were both founders of the times or pioneers of the current situation. Li Bai is eager to be such a person and to establish such a person. He sincerely began to worship these ancient heroes and eulogized them with great political ambitions. Li Bai's passionate pursuit of ideals is the continuation of his positive attitude towards life and the inspiration of the spirit of this era.
Li Bai's enthusiasm for serving the country is strong and deep, and his belief is firm. Under no circumstances will he give up. When he was blocked from being an official, he wrote a poem indignantly: "Jade doesn't talk about peaches and plums, but fish-eyed smiles and rivers are ashamed." There are too many blueflies in Chu, and even Bai Bi has been slandered. " ("Jugexing") "The bird in the phoenix tree nest, the bird in the orange thorn lives in the garden." ()
The cost of pure wine, gold cup, a hip flask of 10 thousand copper, jade plate worth 10 thousand dollars.
I threw the food bar and cup aside. I couldn't eat or drink. I pulled out my dagger. I peeped in four directions in vain.
I want to cross the Yellow River, but ice will block the ferry and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow.
I will sit on a fishing rod and lean lazily by the stream, but I suddenly dream of sailing a boat towards the sun.
It's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, and many roads are safe now.
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, sail straight up and cross the deep sea.
It is not difficult to see that although the poets here are sad and angry, they have never lost confidence in their future. In his poems, he only talked about "ice jam in Sichuan" and "snow falling all over the mountains", which seemed to have been desperate, but he immediately compared himself with Jiang Taigong and Yi Yin and thought that dawn was ahead. Just talking about "it's hard to walk, it's hard to walk, there are many roads, and now it's safe", he felt struggling and suddenly sang again.
I want to climb the dragon and meet the Lord. Lei Gong beat drums and threw pots at the emperor.
At three o'clock, I smiled and turned on the lightning, and suddenly it began to rain.
Nine doors can't be closed, and those who close their foreheads are angry.
If you don't follow my heart during the day, Qi won't worry about anything.
Bite your teeth and fight for human flesh, and you will never break the straw.
Hand in hand to fight and carve tigers, the side feet are not bitter.
Wise men can make fools proud, and the world regards me as a feather.
It takes two peaches to force the three strong men of Nanshan to kill each other together.
Wu Chu's strategy is futile, but so is Yafu Keer's strategy.
Liang's voice is just sad, bow and dragon and sword, and sometimes god and things blend together.
A sense of wind and cloud will lead to the killing of fish, and adults should be safe.
The poet first said that he "wanted to climb the dragon to meet the Lord" and wanted to help the Lord build some achievements. Then he wrote about his repeated failures, such as "nine doors can't be closed", "people are angry" and "the sun doesn't shine", which made people feel that the poet was completely cornered, but suddenly he said with confidence: "Zhang Gong and two dragons combine swords, and god and things sometimes coincide."
Second, the poet's perfect and independent personality and flamboyant personality.
"Poets who summarize the weather in the prosperous Tang Dynasty are usually charming figures." [2] Among the poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, "Li Bai's charm is unparalleled, and he conquered the readers at that time with a shocking force." [2] Li Bai's radiant charm first stems from his perfect and independent personality, pure quality and arrogant spirit. Li Bai actively joined the WTO and was keen on fame, in order to display his talents and realize the value of life. He is extremely contemptuous of this behavior of humiliating his reputation and seeking to become a member of the officialdom. Li Bai lived in a gallery temple, but he didn't give in to the powerful power and shouted, "Oh, how can I bow and scrape to people of high rank and position seriously? They will never suffer from honest faces" (The Rise of Tianmu Mountain in a Dream). This is the declaration of the poet's self-awareness, the eruption of the long-accumulated power calling for freedom, and the strong voice of literati demanding personality independence. It is gorgeous. It contains infinite excitement and fearless rebellious spirit. Li Bai swore angrily that "Geng Jie died in the grass at the beginning and didn't want to be born in a golden cage" ("Set prostitutes to ward off evil spirits and advocate pheasant-spotted songs"). Poets would rather die than surrender in order to maintain their independent personality. The spirit that Li Bai should be proud of lies not only in his unyielding and Geng Jie, but also in his spirit of breaking away from secular bondage and despising his ministers. Wild waves attract green sages. "(Yu Hu Yin)" Once in Chang 'an, I was drunk with Hualiu, and the five kings and seven nobles shared a glass of wine. I am far away from Ling Hao, but my romantic life is not far behind. "(The Nightingale is the Judge of Xin)" Jin Baiyu buys songs and laughs. I have been drunk for a long time, but it is the light of the prince. " ("Looking Back"
Li Bai's charm also comes from his detached spiritual realm. Li Bai is different from ordinary people. His career is just to enjoy prosperity. He is on earth, but he does not touch the dust; I hope to make some contribution to the world, but I regard wealth as a cloud. As the song goes, "What are bells and drums, what are delicacies and what are treasures?"? Let me be intoxicated forever, never come to reason! " ("Into the Wine") "Life is expensive, why do you need gold and money?" ("Three Songs for Friends") He abandons the worldly noise, does not take wealth, does not value goods, gets what he wants and cherishes what he has. Li Bai called it "Poet Fairy". The so-called "only let me raise a white deer on my green slope and ride to you when I need you, a great mountain" ("Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream"), "finally settled down in the country and went to the five lakes smoothly" ("For Secretary Wei Zichun"), "Since the world can't meet our desire, I will loosen my hair and take a fishing boat tomorrow" The poem shows that Li Bai is not tired of things, is not bound by secular traps and is sentimental about mountains and rivers. Enjoy the world. "Oh, let a man with spirit take risks where he likes, and never point his golden cup at the moon empty! "Life transcends the sorrow in the world. For example, "when you reach your destiny, you can't have leisure and worry. You can borrow wine and climb the stairs." ("Poetry in Liangyuan") "The spring breeze suddenly comes from the east, and the golden bottle of wine produces microwaves, and the flowers fall a little more, and the beauty wants to get drunk." If you weren't drunk, you would be safe now. "("There are two pieces of wine in front of you ")" The two of them are drinking flowers in the mountains, one after another ... I am drunk and want to sleep, and the Ming Dynasty intends to hold the piano "("In the Mountains and Lovers ") He forgot all the insults, was too poor to care, got rid of foreign things and felt immortal.
Li Bai's charm also stems from his extremely flamboyant personality. Li Bai's courage to break through all rules and regulations can be summarized as chivalrous spirit. Li Bai's chivalrous spirit of daring to "violate the ban by force", regardless of life and death, and stressing commitment makes people feel that the British wind is stirring. Therefore, his poems gained irresistible strength and heroic spirit soaring into the sky; His charm is radiant. In Li Bai's poems, he strongly praised those chivalrous men who used weapons to play the world, such as: "Teenagers learn swords, ling white apes, dragging brocade with beaded robes and inserting daggers into Wu Hong. From Wan Fuyong, relying on the glory of this life, I asked them to get drunk in Xinfeng, laugh a glass of wine and kill the whole city. " (Jack Boy) When describing the swordsman, Li Bai deliberately pursues freedom and glory, taking "laughing at a glass of wine" and "three cups of precious knives" as the background and "like mowing grass" as an exaggerated metaphor to describe the sword wielding. The chivalrous images in Li Bai's works are all different. The chivalrous men in Li Bai's works are flying, and the teenagers in Cao Zhi's works are more brave. Li Bai likes to use vivid words such as "Lingqi", "Xiong Feng" and "Elegant" in his portraits, and he deliberately highlights the glorious image of young chivalrous men. Li Bai appreciates the wayward and brave young man, regardless of being killed at any time.
3. Powerful momentum, unrestrained and high-spirited emotions.
Li Bai's poems are full of powerful momentum and high-spirited and powerful emotions. His bold spirit is vividly demonstrated by the imposing manner of "Five Mountains shake the sky, and poetry becomes roaring and proud of Cangzhou" (the song on the river) and the spirit of "The Yellow River falls into the East China Sea, and Wan Li writes his heart" (the fourteenth poem for Pei). Many of Li Bai's poems describe natural landscapes, and what he writes is by no means a simple copy of objective things. He endowed his spirit to the object he described. We can feel the poet's feelings from the objects he describes. There is an irresistible passion in the poem, and he wants to embrace nature. Li Bai devoted himself completely to the magnificent and beautiful mountains and rivers and praised them selflessly. For example, look at Lushan Waterfall:
Rizhao incense burner produces purple smoke, and the waterfall hangs in front of Sichuan.
Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has set for nine days.
For example, look at Tianmen Mountain:
Tianmen breaks the Chu River, and Higashi Shimizu flows.
The green hills on both sides of the strait are opposite, and the sails come alone.
Another example is "Early Hair Baidicheng":
Say goodbye to Baidi Caiyun and return to Jiangling one day.
Apes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait can't stop crying. The canoe has crossed the Chung Shan Man.
In Wanglushan Waterfall, "sunshine" and "purple smoke" provide a colorful background for the waterfall; The word "hanging" is used to describe the waterfall. The small print is big, and the movement is static, which sets off the grandeur and breadth of the waterfall. The "flying stream" freely depicts the height, width and light shape of the waterfall; "Hanging", "flying", "straight down" and "falling" make Lushan Waterfall full of vitality and youthful vitality; "Three thousands of feet" and "Falling for Nine Days" are arbitrarily exaggerated, with rich imagination and novel and true images, which can highlight the majestic momentum of the waterfall. Standing on the cloud, the poet of Wangtianmen Mountain saw the confrontation between the two mountains, such as the gate of heaven and earth, the river circulating by, and the landscape was magnificent and vast; Poetry has a broad vision and lofty realm, which shows the poet's broad mind. The whole poem is bright and beautiful, full of vigor and passion, flying tall and straight, giving people a sense of boldness. Li Bai's landscape poems contain infinite enthusiasm, which is obviously different from Qi Liang's landscape poems. Even when they lived in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, they all had secluded thoughts and different styles.
Li Bai likes to praise bold and broad things. Li Bai's poems incorporate his personality, from which we can realize his unique aesthetic pursuit, such as:
Why can't the sun and the moon shine like this? Only the north wind falls from the sky. Snowflakes in Yanshan Mountain are as big as seats. Their fragments blew down XuanYuanTai. (Popular in the North)
The Yellow River comes to Kunlun in the west, and Wan Li touches Longmen.
I climbed to the top. I look around the world, and the vast rivers are gone forever. ("Lushan Songs Want the Imperial History of Lu Xuzhou")
The wind blew down the mountain for three days, and the white waves were higher than the crock pavilion.
What is August like in Zhejiang? Tao is like a mountain spraying snow. (the fourth of six poems by Hengjiang)
The three mountains are moving together in the stormy waves, and the public does not cross the river to return. (Six Poems by Hengjiang)
In "Popular in the North", the poet galloped his imagination and boldly exaggerated, exaggerating snowflakes like a square-foot kang mat, covering Xuanyuantai and people one by one, and the oppressive feeling caused by huge snowflakes was frightening and eclipsed. "Crossing the River without Crossing the River" and "Lushan Ballad Sending a Virtual Boat to Lu Yu" focus on the heights, put pen to paper in the distance, and depict the magnificent scenery of the great river. "Hengjiang Ci" takes mountains as metaphors and exaggerates the waves. Such a trip is more difficult than climbing the blue sky! "The opening modal particles are used together to exclaim that Shu Dao is the most difficult in the world, and it is" difficult to go to the sky ".The exaggerated metaphor creates a strange situation with irresistible shock." On the high flag, six dragons drive the sun, while the river below lashes its twisted route. Even the yellow crane can hardly pass at this height, so pity those poor monkeys who can only use their claws. "The poet describes the steep mountain, exaggerates the height of Shushan by using myths and legends, and even the sun can't pass, so he turned back here; Flying yellow cranes can't fly; Apes who are good at climbing dare not climb; Its precipitousness is unimaginable. " "Every 100 steps, we have to turn nine bends in the middle of its mound" exaggerates the twists and turns of the mountain road with numbers. Except for the birds that are surrounded by ancient forests, we can't hear anything. The male birds hover smoothly and follow the female birds. We hear the melancholy voice of jathyapple cuckoo, who are worried about the empty mountain. "It is scary to render Sichuan Road with the shrill cry of birds. The lonely and desolate Sichuan Road is set off by the moon, which makes people shudder." The highest cliff is less than a foot from heaven, and the withered pine trees hang low on the cliff surface. "Grasping the close-up of a scene exaggerates the precipice of Sichuan Mountain. Pine trees can't grow up, but hang upside down, which sets off the precipitous mountain. A series of exaggerations, metaphors and renderings suddenly outlined a steep mountain landscape. Although the scenes described in the above poems are different, they all show similar characteristics, such as the grandeur of river waves, the danger of evil waves, the raging wind, the spectacular snowflakes and the Cui Wei in the mountains. Their beautiful characteristics are the same, majestic and vigorous.