Shouyang Mountain is located at the intersection of Zhangjiatan Village and Gujiping Village, Lianfeng Town, 34 kilometers southeast of Weiyuan County, with an altitude between 2186-2509 meters. Named after the first photo, it is known for its beauty and is a magnificent pearl on the ancient South Silk Road. It is also famous throughout the country because Boyi and Shuqi, the two sons of the Guzhu King at the end of the Shang Dynasty and the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, were buried here. Basic introduction Chinese name: Shouyang Mountain Location: Gujiping Village, Lianfeng Town, Weiyuan County, Dingxi City Climate type: Temperate continental climate Area: 198 hectares Opening hours: 09:00-17:00 Attraction level: AAA ? Ticket price: 30 yuan Famous attractions: Shimen Yeyue? Tianjing Gorge? Tianjing Gallery Vegetation type: Cold temperate coniferous forest Altitude: between 2186--2509 meters Country: China City: Dingxi City, Gansu Province Suitable travel season: Must-read before traveling in all seasons, scenic spot updates, scenic spot introduction, key information, transportation information, main attractions, introduction, history, Shouyang Mountain spirit, transportation information ①Lanzhou City-Lianhuo Expressway-Weiyuan County-Lian Feng Town - Scenic Area; ② Dingxi City - Lianhuo Expressway - Shouyang Town - Lianfeng Town - Scenic Area; ③ Tianshui City - Lianhuo Expressway - Shouyang Town - Lianfeng Town - Scenic spots. Main attractions: Shouyang Mountain is located in the north of Lianfeng Mountain and echoes Lianfeng Mountain. There is a stone gate on the northwest side. It is named because the two rocks face each other east and west, with a line in between, resembling a stone gate. "Shimen Night Moon" is a local scene. There is a reservoir between the two cliffs with a capacity of more than 5 million cubic meters. It is an ideal water park. Behind the reservoir is the Tianjing Canyon, which is fifteen miles long. Here, steep cliffs stand out from the ground, surrounded by four mountains. The blue sky turns into a thin line. It is as if one is at the bottom of the well, and the terrain is like a saw to unravel the cracks in the plank. , so it is commonly known as Jiebangou in the local area. Tianjing Gorge has beautiful mountains and waters, just like a fairyland, and has 27 scenic spots with uncanny natural shapes. Along the 15-mile Kaijing Gallery, everything is full of strange, dangerous, majestic, unique, clear, beautiful, secluded, quiet, ancient and wild tastes. If you go south from the county seat, you will at least reach Tianjing Gorge, which is about 20 kilometers away. Introduction: Weiyuan is the only place that the ancient Silk Road must pass through in present-day Gansu. In Lianfeng Township, about 30 kilometers southeast of Weiyuan County, there is a small mountain, Shouyang Mountain. At the end of the Shang Dynasty, the king of Guzhu Kingdom (in today's Hebei Province) had two sons. The elder brother was called Boyi and the younger brother was called Shuqi. The king loved Shuqi very much and wanted to give him the throne. Boyi knew his father's intention and took the initiative to leave Guzhu; Shuqi was unwilling to accept the throne given to him by his brother and hid. Boyi and Shuqi heard that Xibo Chang (King Wen of Zhou) respected and supported the elderly, so they went to Zhou State together and settled down there. Later Xibo Chang died and King Wu of Zhou succeeded to the throne. King Wu reorganized his internal affairs, expanded his military strength, and marched against Shang Zhou. When Boyi and Shuqi heard about this, they ran up and grabbed the reins of King Wu's horse, admonishing him: "My father died before he was buried, and he went to war to attack others. Can this be called filial piety? As a minister, he went to attack others." Can it be called benevolence to attack the monarch?" After hearing these words, King Wu's soldiers were very angry and drew their swords to kill them, but Taigong Wang stopped them. Taigong said: "This is a moral person." He ordered the soldiers not to embarrass them. When King Zhou of Yin was defeated and the people of the world respected King Wu of Zhou as the emperor, Boyi and Shuqi thought it was a shameful thing and decided not to be Zhou ministers or eat Zhou grain. They supported each other and left the Zhou Dynasty's ruling area and lived in seclusion in Shouyang Mountain, eating weeds to satisfy their hunger. When he was about to starve to death, he sang: "Climb to the west mountain to pick the weeds. Violence is easy to cause violence, and I don't know what is wrong. How can Shen Nong, Yu Xia and Yu Xia suddenly disappear, and I can return home in peace? For the ancestors, my life is declining. !" After singing, he starved to death on Shouyang Mountain. Shu Qi and Boyi In the 23rd year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, Yang En, the head of the Household Department, wrote an article to demonstrate the matter. The article was carved into a stele and erected at the foot of Wutai, Lianfeng Mountain, Lianfeng Township, Weiyuan County. The monument is 7 feet high, 3.5 feet wide, and contains 1,184 words. The inscription believes that although there are five Shouyang Mountains in the country, Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan is the real one. The author quotes from classics and provides evidence from many sources. The handwriting on the carved stone is clear and the calligraphy is strong and powerful. It can be regarded as the top grade calligraphy on tablets in the Ming Dynasty. The back of the stele is engraved with the "Reconstruction of Shouyang Mountain Yi Qi Ci Ci" written by Cao Simu, the prefect of Gongchang in the second year of Chongzhen (1629 AD). The article introduces the lives of Boyi and Shuqi and the overview of worship in the past dynasties, and explains The reason and process of the reconstruction. Because of its solid evidence and detailed information, this stele has attracted the attention of many archaeologists and historians. Zhu Xieyuan in the Ming Dynasty and Zuo Zongtang in the Qing Dynasty also wrote the Yiqi Temple inscription based on this inscription. More than a hundred steps behind the tomb is the Qingsheng Temple built by later generations in memory of Boyi and Shuqi. This word was first built during the Zhenguan period of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty (627-649 AD), but was later destroyed due to military rebellion. In the 13th year of Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1874 AD), people raised funds to rebuild it, and it is now a county-level cultural relics protection unit. There are five main halls in the courtyard. The left and right walls in front of the hall are inlaid with dark green marble, on which are engraved "Nostalgic Poems on Shouyang Mountain (with Preface)" written by Fan Shaoru of Hunan in the Qing Dynasty and "Inscription on the Reconstruction of Qingsheng Xiangtang" written by Wang Ling of Longxi. . There is also a monument in the courtyard called "The New Qingsheng Temple in Shouyang Mountain", the inscription was written by Zuo Zongtang. History According to "Historical Records: Biography of Boyi": At the end of the 11th century BC, the Guzhu Kingdom, located in Lulong County, Hebei Province, was a vassal state of the Yin and Shang dynasties.
Although they were a border kingdom far away from Chaoge, they were also depressed and uneasy by the war at that time. Mo Taichu, the king of Guzhu Kingdom, saw that the war was coming and the Yin and Shang Dynasties were about to die. He was also old and frail and could not cope with the turbulent situation, so he made arrangements for the succession of the throne: he had three sons, the eldest son Boyi, The second son Gongwang, the third son Shu Qi, he issued an imperial edict to pass the throne to Shu Qi. After the death of Mo Tichu, all the subjects should make Shu Qi the king according to the imperial edict of the late emperor. But Shu Qi said: "My uncle is here first, how can I establish the country as the king?" Boyi refused and said that he should respect his father's order and make Shu Qi the king. The two men were at odds with each other, and the ministers were in a dilemma. So Boyi secretly left the capital. Shuqi also fled Guzhu. The two left the capital of Lone Bamboo Kingdom at the same time, and the ministers had no choice but to support their second son Gongwang as the monarch. After Boyi and Shuqi escaped from Guzhu Kingdom, they headed west. I heard that King Wen of the Western Bodhisattva Zhou Dynasty, Jichang, was a man of talents and could be a wise master, so the two decided to defect. After traveling thousands of miles, we finally arrived at Xiqi. The two saw that King Wen of Zhou was dead, and his son King Wu Jifa gathered his troops and prepared weapons to march eastward to attack Zhou. Seeing this, the two men stopped King Wu and kowtowed, saying: "Your father is dead. Instead of letting him rest in peace, you raise an army to fight. Can this be said to be the behavior of a filial son? In addition, as a My ministers, now you are going to kill the world's leader, can this be said to be the behavior of a benevolent person?" King Wu was very angry after hearing what Boyi Shuqi said, and ordered his men to kill these two uninvited guests. At this time, Jiang Ziya, who was beside King Wu, hurriedly dissuaded him and said: "Your Majesty, please calm down. Although these two brothers said these words, they are the sons of the Lord of Guzhu, and they are also virtuous and righteous people who gave up the throne to each other. They cannot be killed, so just follow them." Let him go!" King Wu accepted Jiang Ziya's dissuasion and let Boyi and Shuqi go. Boyi and Shuqi tried their best to dissuade King Wu and almost lost their lives, so they sighed: "Today it is dark, Zhou's virtue is declining, and it is approaching Zhou to smear my body. I should avoid it to cleanse my conduct." Then he left the Zhou Dynasty and went west along the Wei River to live in seclusion in Shouyang Mountain. A few years later, King Wu of Zhou's army destroyed the Yin and Zhou dynasties, conquered the world, and established the Zhou Dynasty. The princes from all over the world responded one after another and submitted to the Zhou Dynasty. When Boyi Shuqi learned of this situation, he felt very conflicted and angry at King Wu's injustice, so he decided not to eat even the food grown on the land of the Zhou Dynasty. The two of them went up the mountain to pick weeds to satisfy their hunger. Although Shouyang mountainweed is white in color and delicious, and has high nutritional and medicinal value, it is a wild vegetable after all, and it is difficult to provide the nutrients needed by the human body. Their bodies became thinner and thinner, their faces became vegetable-colored, and they became swollen. The book "Ancient History" during the Three Kingdoms period added to the confusion, saying that one day, a village woman met Boyi and Shuqi in the mountains. The village woman said to them: "The two gentlemen have integrity and do not eat the food of the Zhou Dynasty. But the wild vegetables you eat are also from the Zhou Dynasty!" After hearing this, the two stopped eating wild vegetables. "The Biography of Lishi" changed "Woman" to "Wang Mozi". In the end, the two brothers sang tiredly: "Go up to the Western Mountain and pick the weeds there. Exchange tyrants for tyrants, but they don't realize that it is a mistake. The peaceful and prosperous days of Shen Nong, Yu and Xia disappeared in a blink of an eye. Where is our destination? Alas, there is only death, such a bad fate! "Leave behind the famous "Caiwei Song" and starve to death in Shouyang Mountain. "Historical Records·Biography of Boyi" said: The two "righteously refused to eat Zhou millet, so they hid in Shouyang Mountain, picked weeds and ate them, and died of hunger." The integrity of the most virtuous and loyal people was highly praised by Confucius and Mencius, and Shouyang Mountain became Famous mountains all over the world. The mountain is really famous for its people. In fact, there are currently six Shouyang Mountains in our country. One is about Liaoxi, formerly known as Yangshan; the second is about Yanshi, Henan, formerly known as Shoushan; the third is about Heshun, Shanxi, formerly known as Yangqushan; the fourth is about Shanxi Puban River meander, formerly known as Leishou Mountain or Shoushan; the fifth is about Shaanxi Qishan To the west, the original name is unknown; Liu said that Shouyang Mountain in Longxi (now Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan County, Gansu Province). There has always been much debate about which one is right and which one is wrong. Why are there six places in Shouyang Mountain in the country? Where is the real Shouyang Mountain? Professor Fan Sanwei from the School of Liberal Arts of Northwest Normal University believes that the place where Uncle Boyi Qi Caiwei died of starvation is Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan, Gansu. The main arguments are as follows: First, Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan has its name since ancient times. According to the "Weiyuan County Chronicle" records: During the Zhou and Qin Dynasties, Weiyuan was the territory of the Rong people. From the first year of Qin Xian (384 BC) to the second year of Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty (205 BC), Weiyuan was always under the jurisdiction of Pidao; In 1999, Shouyang County was divided from Pidao. Boyi and Shuqi were buried in Shouyang Mountain in the territory, so the county got its name from the mountain. The city is located near the Jiyangkou on the north bank of the Weihe River, more than 10 kilometers away from the exit of Shouyang Mountain. This name was not changed to Weiyuan County until the 17th year of Emperor Wen of the Western Wei Dynasty (AD 551). Because there is Wei River in its territory, the county is named after the water. The second is from the geographical location. "Historical Records" records Boyi and Shuqi's "Song of Plucking Wei": "I climbed to the west mountain to pick the Wei. I was prone to violence, and I didn't know what was wrong. Shennong, Yu, and Xia suddenly disappeared, and I returned home safely. ? Yu Xi, fate is in decline! "According to historical records, the ancestors of the Zhou people lived in the Jing and Weishui areas in the northwest for a long time. King Wen of Zhou gradually eliminated the small country in the northwest, and King Wu of Zhou established his capital on the east bank of Feng River. Haojing (now Chang'an County, Shaanxi Province), the Shang Dynasty gradually became stronger based on the Guanzhong Plain. Therefore, based on the geographical location, only Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan is to the west of Haojing, so it is qualified to be called "Western Mountain". "A Brief History of Dingxi" says that the two "crossed Longshan into Gansu, followed the Weihe River to the west, and passed through Qingshui, Qin'an, Tongwei, Longxi, and Weiyuan." Zhuangzi said, "The two sons reached Shouyang Mountain in the north." The place "north to" here is Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan. The third is Caiwei's theory.
"Historical Records·Biography of Boyi": "King Wu has put an end to the chaos of the Yin Dynasty, and the world has been ruled by the Zhou Dynasty. However, Uncle Boyi is ashamed of it, so he refuses to eat Zhou millet because of his righteousness, so he hides in Shouyang Mountain and gathers Weiwei and eats it." "Caiwei Song" says : "Climb the western mountains and pick the weeds." "Song of Caiwei" is the oldest lyric poem in China signed by the author. Wei is called "Bracken" by the locals. Bracken is a kind of herbaceous plant, commonly known as "faucet", "cat's claw" vegetable, and also known as "auspicious vegetable". According to historical records: "When a fern is born, it is curled like a fist, and when it grows it is as wide as a fist." Pheasant tail, three to four feet tall, has no leaves when the stem is young. It is picked and added to hot soup to remove the saliva, dried in the sun and made into vegetables. It has a sweet and smooth taste and is delicious when cooked with ginger and vinegar. , people like to eat bracken, which has a history of more than 2,000 years. Some famous poets in ancient times praised it: "Shantong's newly picked fern buds are fertile", "Shixuan fern buds are purple"... In the Qing Dynasty, Bracken is also listed as a tribute. Every year, bracken with "green and plump stems and plump" is selected, dried and presented to the court. There is sufficient rainfall in the Shouyang Mountain area of ??Weiyuan County, the climate is damp and cold, and the good soil is beneficial. The growth of "wei". The soil and rocky mountains in the southern part of the county are rich in weiwei. According to Qianlong's "Gansu General Chronicles": "Ferns can be used as vegetables and their roots can be used to make powder. Shouyang white fern is the most famous. "Shouyang white fern is white in color, tender in texture, and delicious. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has been transported to coastal provinces by merchants and sold at home and abroad. Regarding white fern, according to local elders, it is a fairy vegetable that ordinary people cannot see. Common fern The vegetable is only available in April. As the saying goes: "The white bracken in Shouyang Mountain will bloom in the morning and die in the evening!" "It can be seen that the infinite respect for sages among the people has been elevated to a myth. Bracken likes dampness and grows well in high mountains. It mostly grows in forest areas with an altitude of about 2,000 meters. The main peak of Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan is 2,412 meters above sea level, with a height of 321 meters. Such a place is far away from the Zhou capital and is located in high mountains and beautiful forests, so it is more suitable for seclusion. If there is no "wei" in Shouyang Mountain elsewhere, how can we "pick wei"? Fourth, there are a large number of existing inscriptions, poems, annotations, etc. Textual research has confirmed the authenticity of Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan County, Gansu Province. There are more than a dozen stone tablets in Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan County, Gansu Province, with more than 100,000 characters of various types. Among them, the most carefully researched one is by Yang En of the Ming Dynasty. The "Shouyang Mountain Debate Stele" is none other than this, and later generations used it as a basis. There are also two authoritative figures in ancient Buddhism who have added a strong mark to the authenticity of Shouyang Mountain in Weiyuan. One is Ban Zhao's. "Youtong Fu Annotation" and the other one is "Fangyu Shenglan" written by Zhu Mu of the Southern Song Dynasty. Professor Fan Sanwei of the School of Liberal Arts of Northwest Normal University also identified Shouyang Mountain in his book "An Ancient History: Picking Wei Fern in Shouyang of Yiqi". In Weiyuan. The "Lianfeng Mountain Customs Record" compiled by Mr. Xu Huamin, the first director of the Weiyuan County Tourism Bureau, contains 64 poems, essays, epigraphic inscriptions, etc. about this mountain, among which "A Brief Examination of Shouyang Mountain" "After the article was published in "Long Miao", it was cited by many people. The fifth is the old site of Shouyang County. There is a place called Xiaobaozishe in Nanmen Village, Shouyang Town, Longxi County, which is known as " "Shuyang City" is actually the ancient Shouyang County. "Shuyang" and "Shouyang" are just rumors of dialects. People here say that this place used to be called "Shuyang City". Although the city walls have been destroyed, the remains can be identified. Judging from the existing ruins, it was once a very large city. It was called Big and Small Forts because there was once a castle in the middle. Later, a city wall was built around the castle, which was called Dabaozi, also called Armor Piercing. (Meaning to put a layer of armor on the former Xiaobaozi) We can also find in the "Historical Atlas of China" edited by Tan Qixiang that there was indeed Shouyang County in the Western Han Dynasty. Judging from its label, it should be Shouyang today. Zhenda, the location of Xiaobaozi Village. Professor Fan Sanwei said that no matter how other places argue, judging from historical data, their place names either have "Shou" but not "Yang", or they have "Yang" but only "Shou". Gansu has had the county seat of "Shouyang County" since the Han Dynasty. The origin of the county name must be related to the local mountains, rivers, or a certain famous feature. It is conceivable that it must be named because of Shouyang Mountain, so it is called Shouyang. County. Boyi and Shuqi died of starvation in Shouyang because of their ambition, and Shouyang Mountain became famous for its sage. A person in charge of the Propaganda Department of Weiyuan County Party Committee said that it should be clear that Shouyang in ancient Weiyuan. The mountain includes two places, commonly known as "Lianfeng Mountain" (Malu Mountain) and the Yiqi Ancient Tomb (today's cemetery where Boyi Shuqi is buried). In order to facilitate officials' worship, the Wutai Yiqi Temple on Lianfeng Mountain was moved to Yangwai in the mountain in the late Ming Dynasty. Poli was later destroyed by war. Since then, Shouyang Mountain and Yiqi Ancient Tomb have become two places and have two names. Around the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the Yiqi Temple was moved to its current location in Xiangtanggou. It was renamed "Qingsheng Temple". Shouyang Mountain is located 34 kilometers southeast of Lianfeng Town, Weiyuan County. It is named "Lianfeng Mountain" because it is surrounded by nine peaks that look like lotus flowers. And because red deer appear in groups in the mountains and forests, it is commonly known as "Red Deer Mountain". This is a Buddhist resort on the ancient Silk Road. There are nine independent peaks in the scenic area, including Dashan, Ertai, Santai, Sitai, Wutai, Houwutai, Huangdong, Sakyamuni and Laojun Mountain. Their cliffs have different shapes. There are towering ancient pines on the mountainside, dense forests, and clear springs on the top of the mountain. The refreshing and pleasant atmosphere makes you feel like sitting on a lotus and embracing the greenery. In the dense forest of Wutai in Shouyang Mountain, stands a tall stone tablet, which is the "Shouyang Mountain Bian" written and erected by Longxi Jinshi Yang En in the 47th year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1609 AD). Yang En's "Shouyang Mountain Bian" pointed out: "The name of Shouyang Mountain in Longxi is the oldest. Since Confucius said that Boyi and Shuqi were hungry under Shouyang, its name competes with the Five Mountains." Yang En has the most ancient name for Shouyang in Longxi. Zhen cited five pieces of ironclad evidence. There is a platform next to the Mawu Hanging Whip Tree. It is said that Boyi Shuqi recited the "Song of Picking Wei" here, so it is called the "Poem Reciting Platform".
An old Taoist priest from Shouyang Mountain told reporters that there have been cave temples on the mountain since the Han Dynasty, and they reached their peak in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, there were 34 ancient building complexes with more than 200 rooms, sculptures and paintings. Lifelike, it is a treasure house of art. And because Mawu, Marquis of Yangxu in the Eastern Han Dynasty, stationed troops on this mountain during his campaign against the Western Qiang, there was a thousand-year-old pine surrounded by several people on the mountainside. According to legend, it was the Mawu Hanging Whip Tree, and the mountain was also called "Mawu Mountain". Every year, the eighth day of the fourth lunar month is the day of the traditional temple fair in Shouyang Mountain. Tourists from all over the world come here to enjoy the festival. The mountains are crowded with people, flowers are blooming all over the mountain, the spring tide is diffuse, folk songs are everywhere, white ferns are dripping with dew, and it has become a major cultural landscape in Weiyuan County. A reporter from Shouyang Mountain in Shouyang Village, Lianfeng Town, Weiyuan County, saw the "Yiqi Ancient Tomb" "lying" quietly there. The two tombs were nestled against each other. They were the same size, about 2 meters high and 10 feet in diameter. I am surrounded by pines and cypresses. The mountain is majestic and high, winding eastward. The main peak looks like a loving mother sitting cross-legged. The tombs of Boyi and Shuqi are in the middle of the bay, like a pair of babies sleeping soundly in their mother's arms. The two tombs are like two hills, hidden under the green pines and cypresses, quiet and solemn. In front of the tomb is the tombstone of Zuo Zongtang, the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu in the Qing Dynasty. The couplets on both sides are "Mountains full of white weeds, delicious fish meat; two piles of loess, shining brightly above the sun, moon and stars", and the banner "Mountains are high and they look up". Behind the tomb is the Qingsheng Temple dedicated to the statues of Boyi and Shuqi. It was first built in the Zhenguan period of the Tang Dynasty. In the temple, the famous sculptor He E used high-quality fiberglass sculptures of Boyi and Shuqi based on the "Picture of Picking Wei" by the famous painter Li Tang of the Tang Dynasty. picture. For more than three thousand years, the lush and fragrant grass on the tomb has grown green again and again, just like the story of Boyi and Shuqi has been passed down from generation to generation. It has been popular throughout the ages, allowing people to forever remember the two Yimin of the Shang Dynasty. A name that has been highly praised by people for many years - Boyi and Shuqi. Shouyang Mountain is rich and broad. Its clear mountains and beautiful waters not only cast the ancient talents of poets and the sad and angry songs of sages, but also retained the horseshoes of conquerors and the broken awning shoes of those who were born in the world. However, many people think that Boyi and Shuqi are pedantic and ridiculous, and even the Communist Party of China calls them irresponsible "escapists". So, how can we evaluate the merits and demerits of the two of them? What did they leave to our nation? The Spirit of Shouyang Mountain Professor Fan believes that Boyi Shuqi embodies a kind of spirit. I don’t know whether it was Boyi Shuqi’s “benevolence” and “filial piety” behavior that inspired the formation of Confucius and Mencius’ thoughts, or whether Confucius and Mencius carried forward Boyi Shuqi’s moral customs. But what is certain is that Boyi Shuqi has a close relationship with China. Thousands of years of benevolence and righteousness have a great origin, and it has also taken the lead in setting an example of the principles of being loyal to one's duties, not being swayed by Qin, Mu, and Chu, and not being subject to different ideas. I am afraid that the "teacher of a hundred generations" inscribed by Zuo Zongtang may not have this intention! It was Shouyang Mountain that accepted two tired and noble great minds, nourished their hungry bodies and minds with mountain white myrtle, and gave them a stage to build a spiritual highland of Chinese culture. A person in charge of the Propaganda Department of the Weiyuan County Party Committee said that although the actions of Yi and Qi were regarded by later generations as being completely foolish and loyal, even though they received many comments from later generations, they still had mixed praise and criticism, especially in the field of ideological liberation. Today, some people are quite critical of this. But it is undeniable that the Chinese nation has always been a nation that values ??morality and integrity. In the long history of the Chinese nation, there are countless such phenomena. Nearly a thousand years after Boyi and Shuqi, there were honest and lofty men who "did not drink the water from the stolen springs and did not accept the food that came to them." More than a thousand years later, there was another person in Lingdingyang who "kept his loyal heart to illuminate history" and did not accept the people of the Yuan Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang, a famous minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who was granted high honors, and Zhu Ziqing, a writer who would rather starve to death than eat American flour on the eve of the founding of New China. Over the past three thousand years, there have been many emperors, generals, and literati who regard integrity and morality as life or even higher than life. Only in this way can the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation be carried forward through inheritance and flourished. Regardless of whether the actions of Yi and Qi were in line with the laws of historical progress, they were just moral actions and deserved all kinds of praise from future generations. There is a simple couplet at the entrance of the Qing Temple: "A few thin bones support the world, and two hungry bellies cover the past and present." It can be said to have profound meaning! There is a saying that "the fallen leaves of a tree thousands of feet high return to their roots." However, Boyi and Shuqi, the two fallen leaves of the Yin and Shang Dynasties, had no choice but to return to their roots in Shouyang Mountain, a place far away from the temples of the Zhou Dynasty. The Lone Bamboo Kingdom that should have belonged to them was already under the Zhou Dynasty, and they defended this last piece of land of the Yin and Shang Dynasties with their lives. Professor Fan Sanwei from the School of Liberal Arts of Northwest Normal University told reporters that during the Guangxu period, Fan Bingcheng, the commander of the Yue Army, also left behind a message after traveling to Shouyang Mountain: "He traveled far away to garrison Longjiang, and the graceful soldiers and horses climbed to the top of the Yangtze River. The army is about to be washed." On the Wei River, it is advisable to bow to Shou Yang before dismounting from your horse." In the face of the scenic spots of Shouyang Mountain, the powerful warriors also restrained their murderous aura, and spiritually converted to the two sages of Yi and Qi who opposed "violence for violence". It can be seen that "it is advisable to worship Shouyang before dismounting", which is the conquest of warriors by the powerful cultural charm of Shouyang Mountain, and it is also the victory of human peace spirit over force. Boyi and Shuqi used practical actions to tell future generations to cherish peace and avoid unnecessary bloodshed and casualties. No matter from giving up the throne to admonishing with horse heads to dying without eating Zhou millet, or from their deathbed poem "Song of Caiwei", we can see their disgust for "tyranny". Replacing violence with violence is certainly a continuation of violence.
However, if King Wu of Zhou did not use violence and let nature take its course, would King Zhou's way of being a king change? If King Wu had abided by the rule of a monarch and his ministers, did not commit crimes against superiors, and overthrew the mediocre Yin and Shang dynasties, how many more of King Zhou's subjects would have died in the meat ponds and wine forests? If King Wu of Zhou had not used violence to change the dynasty, when would the peaceful scene of the highly developed agricultural productivity in the early years of the Zhou Dynasty be realized? These were things that Boyi and Shuqi had never thought of. They did not expect that they thought they were loyal, but they would be accused of not being far away from Yin Jian, and that they were aiding the oppressor. They did not expect that when a debauched and extravagant king has become the target of public criticism, trying their best to maintain the country for this tyrant is already unpopular. As feudal nobles, they cannot help but Understand that people's support determines the rules of regime change. What is tragic about them is that they cannot solve this profound historical proposition. Because the principle of loyalty and filial piety that occupies all their minds does not allow them to think about other things. Only by observing the principle of ministers as ministers and eventually starving to death can they have a clear conscience, keep the pure land of their souls, and be able to The death of material life is exchanged for the eternity of spiritual life. In the rut of the way of monarch and ministers, Boyi Shuqi, who was rigidly adherent to inherent ethics, did not have a deeper and broader ideological space, leaving behind eternal regrets. From giving up the throne to admonishing with horse heads and then dying without eating Zhou millet, Boyi Shu Qicheng can be said to be a man who "cannot be licentious in wealth, cannot be moved by poverty, and cannot be subdued by force". No wonder Confucius, Mencius and other Confucian sages have given them Highly rated and praised. Of course, they are two historical figures. We cannot "look at" and evaluate them from a one-sided modern perspective, let alone wantonly elevate them.