Planting citrus trees in the northwest corner of Liuzhou city
200 oranges are planted artificially, and new leaves are spread all over the city in spring.
Fang Tongchu pitied Imperial Tree and didn't learn from Limu slave in Jingzhou.
How old are you?
If you wait until the day of the forest, you will taste as good as the old man.
To annotate ...
Liuzhou: It belongs to Guangxi now. Liu Zongyuan is the secretariat of Liuzhou. Corner (yú): corner. Forrest Gump: namely "orange", a kind of orange.
(2) Huang Gan: Huang Gan. An orange. Guo Pu's note in Shang Fu Lin of Han Dynasty: "Yes, orange is monosodium glutamate."
(3) City corner: City corner. Refers to the remote and empty land at the root of the city. The Book of Songs: "A quiet girl will have her love, as long as I am in the corner."
(4) Chuk: refers to Qu Yuan, a great poet of Chu in the Warring States Period. Qu Yuan loved oranges and wrote Ode to Oranges, praising the beauty of orange trees enthusiastically. Yellow book: dried tangerine peel.
5] Wood slave: refers to the fruit of citrus. Tang Yuanzhen's poem "Appreciating Lotte Southeast" says: "The green ball is new, and the golden pill is a small wooden slave." "Don't learn" sentence: This is a story about Hengli's profit from growing oranges. According to Shui Yuan, during the Three Kingdoms period, Hengli was a native of Jingzhou and a satrap of Wu Danyang. He sent people to plant thousands of oranges in Longyang Prefecture, Wuling (now Changde County, Hunan Province). When he died, he said to his son: There are thousands of wooden slaves in my state, that's enough. He regarded the orange tree as a slave and could make a profit, so he was called a "wooden slave". This sentence is said from the opposite side.
[6] Snow spraying: describes white flowers in full bloom.
(7) Dropping beads: hanging beads. Here is a metaphor for citrus fruits.
(8) Sit still: wait gradually. Song Sushi's poem "tengxian West Garden in the Same Year" reads: "Everyone grows elm willows and waits for ten acres of shade."
Pet-name ruby taste: delicious. "Lu Chunqiu Yiyin": "Mouth desire."
Further reading: appreciation of planting citrus trees in the northwest corner of Liuzhou city
The title of the poem points out that the writing time was in the period of demoting Liuzhou. The content of the poem is to express the feelings of planting citrus trees. At the beginning, I wrote in a narrative way: "I planted 200 oranges by myself, and the city is full of new leaves in spring." The first sentence specifically points out the "hand species" and the number of plants, which shows the poet's love and attention to citrus trees. In the second sentence, the word "new" is used to describe the tender green of orange leaves, and the word "times" is used to describe the prosperity of orange leaves, which not only embodies the tension and harmony at present, but also secretly points out the poet's interest in viewing the corner of the city from tree to tree.
Regarding why he has such deep feelings for citrus trees, the poet said: "Fang sympathizes with Chu people and does not learn from Li Muou in Jingzhou." It turns out that he loves oranges because reading Qu Yuan's Ode to Oranges aroused his interest, instead of trying to plant oranges and leave some property for his children and grandchildren, as Danyang was too conservative in the Three Kingdoms. (For details, please refer to the book of Xiangyang, the fruit of A Scene of Peace. The poet's heart is indifferent to the ancient sages and dried tangerine peel, carefree and does not admire Li Rong. However, through the indifference of appearance, we can see the inner waves of the poet. Qu Yuan loved and sympathized with oranges in those days, and thought that oranges had the qualities of "being closed to the outside world, being cautious and not making mistakes" and "being selfless", and once boasted. Today, I am selfless, but I am far from hungry. No one can express this feeling. Only these dumb citrus trees are their bosom friends. The antithesis of this couplet replaces right and wrong with opposition, and pours its complex thoughts and feelings into two allusions with opposite meanings, which not only achieves symmetry in form, but also fluency in content, and can also cause internal contrast and association, which makes people feel profound and profound when reading.
Then, the poet thought of its flowering results from the young citrus tree: "How old were you before you bloomed and smelled the snow?" Who can pick the real pearls? " "How old" and "who" all carry the word "poor". It's a pity, so I'm looking forward to it. Because the orange tree has become a bosom friend around the poet, the more he writes about his deep sympathy for the orange tree, the more he can show his high feelings and ease, showing that he is trying to forget the world. This combination of "snow spraying" describes the flowering of citrus trees, and the next word "smell" describes the wonders of "snow spraying" and the fragrance of citrus flowers, rendering a lively atmosphere; Using "hanging beads" to describe fruitful results shows that the prospects are promising. But this is out of imagination after all. From imagination to reality, the lively atmosphere just reflects the loneliness in front of us. He couldn't help asking himself: How long will it take for this young citrus tree to blossom? Who will pick its fruit in the future? The implication is: Do you really want to stay here until the citrus blossoms and bears fruit?
The couplets could have expressed their feelings directly, but the poet pretended to be philosophical in a gentle tone: "If you teach Lin Tian, you will be like protecting your husband." Literally, if I wait until the orange tree becomes a forest, its fruity taste will last until I am old. But that's an excuse. In fact, it means that I am very sad that I have been exiled for a long time, and I am afraid that I will continue to taste oranges. Yao Nai, a A Qing dynasty man, said, "If you finish saying a sentence, you will hurt yourself and leave for a long time, and you may see what is sweet and turn into a forest. The excuse is flat, so it's good. " (Five quotations from Tang and Song poetry)
The overall tone of this poem is gentle, but behind the gentle tone, there is a restless heart of the poet. This is an important reason for the formation of the artistic style of "dry outside and paste inside, light and beautiful". Its beauty, to borrow Ouyang Xiu's words, is called: "Just like eating olives at first, but the real taste will last forever." ("Ouyang Wenzhong's Public Collection" Volume II) The whole poem is far-reaching and profound.
Extended reading: introduction of Liu Zongyuan's characters
Liu Zongyuan, one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, was born in Yuncheng, Shanxi Province, and was called "Liu Hedong" and "Mr. Hedong". His literary achievements are very high. In terms of articles, he and Han Yu are also called "Liu Han"; In poetry, he and Liu Yuxi are both called "Liu Liu".
Liu Zongyuan was born in a family with a strong cultural atmosphere. His father, Jin Ryu, believed in traditional Confucianism and had a positive attitude towards the world and an upright moral quality. His mother is a typical wife and mother, a devout Buddhist. His parents gave Liu Zongyuan a double influence on Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in terms of example and knowledge.
When Liu Zongyuan was born, the "Anshi Rebellion" had just been put down for 20 years, and social contradictions such as political corruption and the separatist regime in the buffer region gradually emerged. However, Liu Zongyuan was not affected by the general situation. He had a successful career when he was young, and he became a scholar at the age of 20. A few years later, he entered the officialdom and began to participate in politics.
After more than ten years of experience, Liu Zongyuan had a deeper understanding of political darkness and social reality, and sprouted innovative ideas. After Shunzong ascended the throne, he began to appoint him and Wang, Wang Lai and other ministers to carry out reforms, which was called "Yongzhen innovation" in history.
Unfortunately, the reform failed in less than half a year. Liu Zongyuan was also implicated and was demoted to Yongzhou, Hunan Province as Sima for ten years. This incident became an important turning point in his life.
During Liu Zongyuan's demotion, he was not passive and decadent, but devoted himself to writing books and studying some major issues in philosophy, politics, history and literature. He left an ideological wealth to future generations: integrating Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.
During the Wei and Jin Dynasties, a three-legged pattern of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism was formed. In the Tang dynasty, the confluence of the three schools was the general trend, but the right path had not been found yet. Liu Zongyuan's thought of "integration of Confucianism and Buddhism" opened up a new road for the complicated situation at that time and laid the foundation for the integration of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the future.
He explained Buddhism with Confucian classics, explaining that both Confucianism and Buddhism can be enriched and integrated under the new historical conditions, and only in this way can both sides develop.
As a unified dynasty, the Tang Dynasty was an era when Confucianism was further respected as orthodoxy and Buddhism prevailed. But Liu Zongyuan was not bound by the so-called mainstream thought, but thought from a brand-new angle. This philosophical way of thinking is far from other contemporary scholars.