Leguang has a very good friend who hasn't come to play for a long time. One day, he finally came again, and Yue Guang asked him why he hadn't come for a long time. The guest replied, "Last time I played here, you bought me a drink. I was about to drink when I suddenly saw a snake in the cup, and I was disgusted at that time. I got sick after drinking it. "
At that time, a bow was hung on the wall of Le Guang's house, and a snake was painted on it. Yue Guang guessed that the snake in the cup that the guests saw might be the shadow of this bow. So he poured another glass of wine, put it in its original position and asked the guest, "Do you see anything in this wine?"
The guest replied, "I saw the same thing as last time." Yue Guang explained the reason to the guest, making him understand that the snake in the cup is just the reflection of the bow. The mystery in the guest's heart was solved at once, and the long-standing problem was cured in an instant. . . .
Explain that a person must be open-minded and not suspicious in order to be healthy and happy.
2. During the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin Xiangong listened to rumors, killed Prince Shen Sheng, and sent someone to arrest Shen Sheng's younger brother Zhong Er. When Zhong Er heard the news, he fled the State of Jin and forgot about it for more than ten years.
After many hardships, Zhong Er came to the State of Chu. King Chu Cheng thought that Zhong Er would make great achievements in the future, so he greeted him with state gifts and regarded him as a distinguished guest.
One day, the King of Chu gave a banquet in honor of Zhong Er, and the two chatted, and the atmosphere was very harmonious. Suddenly, the king of Chu asked Zhong Er, "If one day you return to the State of Jin and become a monarch, how can you repay me?" Zhong Er thought for a moment and said, "Beautiful women are waiting for you, precious silk, and you have a lot of rare bird feathers, ivory leather, and even more in Chu. What rare items does Jin Wang have? " The king of Chu said, "Your son is too modest. Having said that, you should show me something? " Zhong Er replied with a smile, "Thanks to you. If I can really return to China to be in power, I would like to get along well with your country. If one day, Jin Chu goes to war, I will definitely order the troops to retreat first (one house equals thirty miles). If I can't get your forgiveness, I will fight you again. "
Four years later, Zhong Er really returned to the State of Jin and became a monarch. This is the famous Jin Wengong in history. The state of Jin became stronger and stronger under his rule.
In 633 BC, the two armies of Chu and Jin fought. In order to fulfill his promise, Jin Wengong ordered the troops to retreat 90 miles and stay in Chengpu. When Chu Jun saw that 8 Jin J was retreating, he thought the other side was afraid and immediately pursued it. The Jin army took advantage of the weakness of the Chu army's pride in underestimating the enemy, concentrated its forces and defeated the Chu army greatly, and won the battle of Chengpu.
The story comes from Zuo Zhuan Xi Gong Twenty-two Years. This idiom means not arguing with others or making concessions on your own initiative.
Follow the map
This idiom comes from "cutting mountains with forests", and Bole's Xiang has the saying that "the hoof is like a tired mulberry at dusk", and his son holds "Ma Jing" as a horse. When he met the big toad, he said to his father, "I got a horse, just like that one, but its hooves are not as good as music."
Sun Yang, a native of Qin in the Spring and Autumn Period, is said to be the most famous horse expert in ancient China. He can tell a horse at a glance. Because it is said that Bole is the god in charge of horses in the sky, people call Sun Yang Bole.
It is said that Bole compiled his rich horse knowledge and experience into a book "Xiangma Jing". In the book, he wrote down various characteristics of a swift horse and drew many illustrations for people to understand horses.
Bole has a son with poor intelligence. He read his father's "Sweet Horse Sutra" and wanted to go out and find Maxima K? Blow the whistle? What's the matter with you? What are you holding? Yue Niu? What happened? Hey? Blow wood? Baby? Every word of Yu Xia? Is it difficult to kill drought?
Not far away, he saw a big toad, quickly caught it and told his father, "I found a good horse, which is similar to what you said in your book" Xiangma Jing ",except that its hoof is not like a folded bar of wine!"
Bole looked at the big toad in his son's hand and couldn't help but be funny and angry. He said humorously: "This' horse' loves to jump and can't ride!"
References:
/Chu/Yu/Cheng 1.html
4. Draw cakes to satisfy hunger
During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a man named Lu Yu in the state of Wei. He became an orphan at the age of ten, and his two brothers died one after another. During the war, he worked hard to support his widowed sister-in-law and nephew, and his life was very difficult. He was praised by people for his personality and knowledge.
Later, Lu Yu became an official. He has been an honest official for more than three years and put forward many good suggestions. Wei Mingdi trusts him very much.
At that time, officials were generally recommended by people, and referees often only recommended famous people. Most of these celebrities only pay attention to empty talk, not to reality, and flatter each other, which makes Wei Mingdi very dissatisfied. When selecting Zhong, he ordered: "This selection should be recommended by Lu Yulai. Don't just look at reputation when choosing people. Being famous is like drawing a cake on the ground, but you can't eat it! "
The idiom "painting cakes to satisfy hunger" comes from this story. Nowadays, this metaphor is often used to comfort yourself with fantasy, or to show that a false name is useless. There is also an idiom "looking at plums to quench thirst", which has a similar meaning.
5, hope plum to quench thirst
Liu Yiqing in the Southern Song Dynasty wrote "The Twenty-seventh Time in the World": "Wei Wu lost his way in the battle and the whole army was thirsty, so he said,' The day before yesterday, there was a great Meilin, who pardoned his son and quenched his thirst with sweet and sour." When the foot soldiers smell it, they can get the source with their mouths full of water. "
Psychological principle of looking at plum to quench thirst
In other words, Cao Cao led his army to a place without water, and the soldiers were very thirsty. In order to boost morale, Cao Cao said to the soldiers, "There is a big Meilin not far ahead, with many plums, sweet and sour." Then we will have a good time. " Hearing this, the soldiers all drooled and stopped crying, speeding up the March.
In the film Shangganling, our lovely company commander also successfully performed a modern version of "Looking at Plums to Quench Thirst". There is such a plot in the movie: under the crisis of serious water shortage in the tunnel, the company commander told the soldiers a story of "talking plum", which attracted the soldiers to swallow their mouths one by one.
In fact, the allusion of looking at plum to quench thirst is about a very interesting and common psychological phenomenon-synaesthesia. Synaesthesia refers to the psychological activity that one feeling causes another feeling. Specifically, the allusion of looking at plum to quench thirst is the sense of taste caused by hearing. Besides the synaesthesia of taste and hearing, we also have such experiences in our daily life: seeing red, orange and Huang San will produce a warm feeling, while seeing blue, blue and green will produce a cold, cool or refreshing feeling, so the former is called warm color and the latter is called cool color. This is the result of temperature perception caused by vision.
The most common is color-hearing synaesthesia, that is, hearing a sound will cause the perception of a color, usually bass causes dark color and treble causes light color. Psychologist H. S. Langfeld once did an experiment about color auditory synesthesia. The results show that different notes will cause different color perception, and the relationship between tone and color is quite stable for the same person. Some people still maintain the corresponding relationship between C and red, D and purple, F and pink, B and bright copper after 7 years.
It is precisely because of the universal existence of synaesthesia that people apply this psychological principle to daily life, especially in modern advertisements.
6. Cover my ears and steal the clock.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhi Bo, a nobleman of the State of Jin, was defeated. Someone took the opportunity to steal from Fan's house and saw a big clock hanging in the yard.
This clock is made of exquisite bronze with exquisite shapes and patterns. The thief was very happy.
Great, I want to take this beautiful clock home. But this clock is big and heavy.
I can't move it. There is only one way he can think of, and that is to break the clock.
And then move home separately.
The thief found a sledgehammer and slammed it at the clock.
I was shocked. The thief panicked and thought it was not good. Isn't this noise just for stealing, throwing, teasing and apologizing? What's the point? sickness insurance
Suddenly I jumped on the bell and tried to cover it with open arms, but how could the bell be covered? The bell is still echoing in the distance.
The more he listened, the more afraid he became. He involuntarily withdrew his hands and covered his ears hard. "Hey, the bell is getting smaller and I can't hear it!" Thief height
Get up, "wonderful! Cover your ears and you won't hear the bell! " He immediately found two cloth balls, plugged his ears, and thought, this is it.
No one can hear the bell. So I let go and hit the bell. When the bell rang, it spread loudly to far away places. People heard the bell ring.
Even caught the thief.
The story comes from Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals: Self-knowledge. "Stealing the bell of the ear" describes "stealing the bell of the ear" as a metaphor for covering up ignorance and deceiving others.
live and work in peace and contentment
Source "Lao Zi"
Sweet food, beautiful clothes, live a peaceful life and enjoy its customs.
Interpretation is a happy and stable life.
Story: During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a famous philosopher and thinker. His surname is Li, and his first name is Yong. It is said that when he was born, his hair was already white. A little old man with a white beard; So people call him "Lao Zi"; He also said that he was born under a plum tree, so his surname is Li; Because his ears are big, they are called "ears". In fact, Lao Tzu is a respectful name for him. He has always been dissatisfied with the reality at that time, opposed the wave of social innovation at that time, and wanted to go back. He misses the ancient primitive society and thinks that material progress and cultural development have destroyed people's simplicity and brought people pain, so he longs for an ideal society of "small country and few people". He always describes his "small country with few people" society like this: the country is small and the population is sparse. Even if there are many appliances, don't use them. Don't let people risk their lives and don't move far away. Even if there is a car and a boat, no one rides it. Even with weapons and equipment, there is no place to use it. It is necessary for people to re-use the ancient knotting method to record, eat sweetly, dress comfortably and live comfortably, and be satisfied with the original customs. Neighboring countries can see each other. Crows and dogs can hear each other, but people will not communicate with each other until they die of old age. Idiom story-suspicious neighbor stealing axe
Once upon a time, a countryman lost an axe. He thought it was a neighbor's son who stole it, so he paid attention to what the man said and did everywhere. The more he looked at it, the more he felt that he looked like a thief stealing an axe. Later, the man who lost the axe found it. It turned out that he accidentally lost his way in the valley when he went up the mountain to cut wood the other day. After finding the axe, he met his neighbor's son again. Look at him again. He doesn't look like a thief.
Suspecting neighbors and stealing axes: not paying attention to facts, being suspicious of people and things.
8. Encourage seedlings.
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a farmer in Song State. He always thinks that the crops in the field grow too slowly. He went to see them today and tomorrow and felt that the seedlings never seemed to grow taller. He thought to himself: Is there any way to make them grow taller and faster?
One day, he came to the field and pulled up the seedlings one by one. It took a lot of effort to pull up a large number of seedlings one by one. When he finished pulling out the seedlings, he was exhausted, but he was happy. When I got home, I boasted, "I'm exhausted today." I helped Miao Miao grow several inches! " "Hearing this, his son hurried to the field and found that all the seedlings in the field were dead.
9. past praying for
There was a nobleman named KATTO in the Zhou Dynasty. KATTO is not only talented in poetry, but also good at managing state affairs. Later, he was by Zhou Liwang's side to help handle state affairs. However, Zhou Liwang is arrogant and misinterprets the law. Treacherous court officials try their best to please. KATTO bluntly advised him and listed the disadvantages of state affairs, but the treacherous court official spoke ill of him in Zhou Liwang's ear. Zhou Liwang is very tired of KATTO. Since then, treacherous court officials have gone in and out, ignoring KATTO. KATTO was very angry and wrote a poem, which was later included in The Book of Songs. In the poem, he attacked the traitor and said, "There is no cure for evil!"
"incorrigible": terminally ill, medicine can't save it. The latter metaphor is that things are hopelessly bad.
10. Ride the wind and waves
In the ancient Southern and Northern Dynasties, there was a general named Zong Qiming in Song State. He was brave and ambitious since he was a child. One day, Zong Yi's uncle asked him what his ambition was, and Zong Yi replied, "I would like to ride the wind and waves." I must break through all obstacles, go forward bravely and make a difference. After studying hard and working hard, Zong Yi finally became a general who can be good at fighting.
Later, people used "braving the wind and waves" to describe the spirit of facing difficulties.
1 1. A layer of water
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Northern Zhou Dynasty in the north and the State of Chen in the south were bounded by the Yangtze River.
Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty, Prime Minister of Northern Zhou Dynasty, abolished Emperor Jingdi of Zhou Dynasty, established Sui Dynasty on his own.
Determined to destroy the State of Chen, he once said, "I am the parents of the whole country. Is it because there is a Yangtze River as narrow as a belt that I watch the people in the south suffer and don't save them? "
Later, people used "only a strip of water" to describe that the two places are very close, with only a narrow water area.
12. High mountains and flowing water
During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Yu Boya, who was proficient in temperament and superb in piano skills. He was a famous pianist at that time. When Yu Boya was young, he was smart and eager to learn. He has learned from others and his piano skills have reached the level. But he always feels that he can't express his feelings about all kinds of things in a superb way. Boya's teacher knew his idea and took him to Penglai Island in the East China Sea by boat, so that he could enjoy the natural scenery and listen to the waves of the sea. Boya looked up and saw the waves surging and splashing; Seabirds are roaring and singing; The lush trees in the forest are like entering a fairyland. A wonderful feeling arises spontaneously, as if the harmonious and beautiful music of nature rises in my ear. He couldn't help playing the piano, his voice turned at will, and the beauty of nature was integrated into the sound of the piano. Boya experienced an unprecedented realm. The teacher told him, "You have learned."
One night boating in Boya. Facing the cool breeze and bright moon, he was full of thoughts, so he played the piano again, and the sound of the piano was melodious and getting better. Suddenly I heard someone screaming on the shore. When Boya heard the sound, he got out of the boat and saw a woodcutter standing on the shore. Knowing that the man was a bosom friend, he immediately invited the woodcutter aboard and played for him with great interest. Boya played a tune praising the mountains, and the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Majestic and solemn, such as Mount Tai towering into the clouds! " When he played the surging waves, the woodcutter said, "How wonderful! Vast and boundless, it seems to see rolling water and boundless sea! " Boya was excited and said excitedly, "bosom friend!" You are really my bosom friend. "This woodcutter is Zhong Ziqi. Since then, the two have become very good friends.
This story comes from Liezi Tang Wen. The idiom "high mountains and flowing water" is a metaphor for bosom friends and wonderful music.