brief introduction
Andersen/kloc-left his hometown at the age of 0/4. What kind of fate awaited him in the cold society at that time? Hunger, mental double blow and people's contempt have formed an indissoluble bond with him. But with tenacious perseverance, Andersen overcame all kinds of difficulties and finally succeeded. August 4, 0875 1 1 died of liver cancer at a friend's country house. The funeral was extremely tragic, at the age of 70. Andersen also wrote three autobiographies during his lifetime, which reflected his unfortunate life experiences and experiences. At the same time, it also shows that Andersen shows the social contradictions in Denmark, which has profound practical significance and popularity. The master of fairy tales kept writing all his life, dedicating his genius and life to the "future generation" until three years before his death. * * * wrote 168 fairy tales. The great artistic and ideological achievements of Andersen's fairy tales are unparalleled so far. Andersen's work "The Little Match Girl" was selected as the sixth-grade text lesson 14 of the Primary Education Press.
[Edit this paragraph] The characteristics of fairy tales
Andersen's fairy tales reflect the democratic tradition and realistic tendency in Danish literature. His best fairy tales are widely read by many adults and children in the world today. Some fairy tales, such as the little match girl, the ugly duckling, the son of the gatekeeper, the emperor's new clothes, etc. , not only truly describes the miserable life of the poor, but also permeates the romantic mood and fantasy. He deeply felt the inequality between the rich and the poor and the law of the jungle, so on the one hand, he enthusiastically praised the working people, sympathized with the unfortunate poor, and praised their noble qualities such as kindness and purity with sincere brushwork; On the other hand, it angrily lashed the cruel, greedy, weak and stupid reactionary ruling class and exploiters, exposed the ugliness of church monks and the bad habits of the people, and spared no effort to criticize social ugliness. The Emperor's New Clothes satirizes the ugly state of the emperor's incompetence and courtiers' flattery. "The Nightingale" and "The Princess on the Pea" mocked the ignorance and fragility of the nobility, while "The Snow Queen" showed the author's view on human ideals, that is, he was optimistic that "truth, goodness and beauty will eventually win". In his last work, The Gardener and the Master, he also made great efforts to create the image of a true patriot, which reflected the author's loyal patriotic spirit. Some fairy tales of Andersen, especially his later period. This also shows the limitations of his thought. Although he showed full sympathy for the poor, he couldn't find a way to get rid of his misfortune, but looked at the world with sad eyes, revealing the negative emotions of Andersen's self-portrait. He believes that God is the embodiment of truth, goodness and beauty, and can guide people to "happiness". In his works, he sometimes preached morality and sometimes preached Christian fraternity. Advocate the spirit of tolerance and reconciliation. Andersen's fairy tale The Little Match Girl is related to folk literature, which inherits and develops the simple and fresh style of folk literature. Most of his early works were based on folk stories, and many folk songs and legends were quoted in his later works. In terms of genre and writing techniques, Andersen's works are diverse, including fairy tales and short stories. There are fables and poems; It is not only suitable for children to read, but also suitable for adults to enjoy. His artistic images, such as naked emperor, determined tin soldier, Thumbelina, ugly duckling and daughter of red shoes, have all become allusions in European languages. As far as language style is concerned, Andersen is a very creative writer. In his works, the daily spoken language of the lower class people in Denmark and the structure of folk stories are widely used. The language is vivid, natural, fluent and beautiful, full of strong local flavor. Andersen's works were introduced to China a long time ago, and Zhou Shuren's version of The Little Match Girl was published in New Youth magazine1919.1.09.200106060606 Zheng Zhenduo, Mao Dun, Zhao, Gu, etc. Translated by Lin Lan and Zhang Jinfen. Since then, the Commercial Press, Zhonghua Book Company and Ming Kai Bookstore have successively published translations of Andersen's fairy tales, biographies of Andersen and comments on his works. But before liberation, all the translations were from English, Japanese or other languages. After liberation, Ye Junjian made a systematic study of Andersen's original works. Translate all Andersen's fairy tales directly from Danish into Chinese. People's Literature Publishing House published "Selected Fairy Tales of Ye Junjian" for many times in 1955, 1958 and 1978. Andersen (1805- 1875) is a Danish writer. He was born in a shoemaker's family. Dramas and novels. In fairy tales such as "The Little Match Girl" and "The Ugly Duckling", the author exposed the darkness of the social system and the evil of money at that time, and sympathized with the sufferings of the lower classes. These works are rich in imagination, vivid in plot and simple in language.
[Edit this paragraph] The author's life
The birth of Andersen
1805 One day in April, a baby was born in a bed made of coffin plates. He cried loudly, as if to protest against God's demotion of angels to earth. The priest comforted the frightened mother and said, "The louder you cry when you are young, the smarter you will be when you grow up." Sure enough, many years later, this angel showed his intelligence to the whole world. Even Santa Claus won't be more famous than him. His. Hans christian anderson. Because a man made a mistake in translating English, the whole country could not change it after crying for a long time, so his real name was Hans christian anderson.
Andersen's family
Andersen's father was a poor shoemaker in odense. He has read many books, is imaginative and romantic, but these are not good things for him. His wife is a simple woman-not beautiful, but hardworking. She can easily believe everything, including God.
The growth of Andersen
This spring, the storks came again, and the gooseberry trees in the yard wrinkled their little new leaves. Little Andersen knew he was six years old. Pretending to be serious, he went to his father's side and pointed out how to clean up the storks in his old nest. When he heard that after summer, the weak storks would be pecked to death because they could not fly to Egypt for the winter, he became very sad: "Let them come to our attic." In winter, I will give them something to eat. "odense is a closed town, and people believe in God and witches. Many mysterious legends ripple in the air. The grandmothers in the spinning room sometimes tell the little Andersen who came to play the anecdotes in Arabian Nights, enriching this imaginative brain. How strange the little guy is: many people are sighing and scared when listening to these terrible stories. However, it seems that nothing happened afterwards. For him, everything he heard has a bright magic color, as if it were as real as before. Sometimes he will be frightened by the elves in the Woods he imagined and run home, out of her wits. Years later, these ancient legends and childhood fantasies became the source of his creation. The mother is very sympathetic to her weak only son. In order to escape the physical abuse of his grumpy old aunt at school, 6-year-old Andersen was sent to the young Kathy Si Qian to study and became the youngest student. This teacher, who is respected for her fairness and gentleness, likes new classmates who are as quiet as girls. He often takes his hand for a walk on campus between classes, and sometimes shouts at playful students. " Be quiet, naughty children, don't push the children down. "Andersen often peeks at Sarah, the only girl in the school. He imagined her as a princess in a fairy tale, eager to get close to the little girl with black eyes. Once, they went home together. In fact, his house had already passed, but he didn't say a word. Sarah, who was also born in poverty, vowed to be a farm housekeeper in the future. Andersen opened his eyes wide: "What a bore! How can a princess make decisions? When I grow up, I will take you to my castle. "He told the girl that his family was originally a branch of the nobility, but for some reason ~ one day ... Sarah smiled, and this little guy must be crazy. The next day, Ollie, the son of a miller, grabbed Andersen's hair and shouted, "Hello, Duke! Where is your beautiful castle? " People around him burst into laughter. Andersen's love suddenly retreated. But in his fantasy, he saved Sarah from the fire and accepted her apology. He even forgave Ole for bullying and mocking him. When the urchin was punished for standing on the table, little Andersen put himself in the position of imagining Ole's humiliating situation, so that the punished person didn't cry, so he cried and begged the teacher to forgive his "hostile actor". After this incident, the son of the workshop owner became the patron saint of little Andersen. Time passed quickly and Andersen was very happy at school. However, the difficulties of the times closed the school and he had to go home. His father made several puppets for him, which brought great satisfaction to his son. He sews beautiful clothes for young people and lets puppets play their fantasies on the stage. Before long, something better appeared in his life-he read william shakespeare's works. His puppets are also immersed in the ocean of william shakespeare's passion. He began to make up his own plays-he told the puppets some German words that his father taught him. Listen, "Besson! "How loud this is, but you can't imagine it anyway. The puppet's favorite word actually means "broom". In 2003, Napoléon Bonaparte launched a war. His embarrassed family and his desire for adventure pushed the shoemaker to the battlefield. Two years later, he returned home and never got sick again. When the snow was falling, the ice girl in little Andersen's fantasy took his father away. Leaving a helpless wife and children and biting cold. After my father died, my mother's only way to make a living was to wash clothes for others every day. In the cold winter, the temperature of the river was unimaginable, so she had to drink a few drinks to drive away the cold. What a rude behavior in the eyes of decent people! Bitter rumors are endless, and people in the city are whispering-"The shoemaker's wife Maria is a woman who is addicted to alcohol!" "Andersen felt infinite humiliation for his mother. Many years later, in the fairy tale "She is a Waste", he expressed his deep indignation. Maria wanted to support her family independently until she died, but the gossip in the town laughed at her son's idleness, so the mother had to reluctantly send her thin and shy son to the factory for child labor. Andersen, 1 1 years old, was dizzy by heavy work, but his singing saved him. Little Andersen is satisfied because he always likes to perform in public. He even played Macbeth alone in william shakespeare. A worker said to him, "Why don't you become an actor?" Yes, that's perfect for him. If you can't direct fate, wouldn't it be nice to perform on the stage? What a great idea! So, when Andersen 14 years old was determined, he showed amazing stubbornness in his mother's plan to arrange him as a tailor apprentice-"No, mom, I want to be an actor." Although Andersen promised her mother that she would become famous, she cried and cried, and her mother never gave in. However, the fortune-telling witch helped him. "The flower of children's happiness is not here, we have to leave here and look far away!" Young Andersen returned to his hometown by carriage with 30 pieces of Arabian Nights and his beloved puppet. He once wrote this sentence: "When I become great, I must sing praises to odense. Who knows, will I become a miracle of this noble city? At that time, in some geography books, under the name of odense, there would be such a line: A lanky Danish poet Andersen was born here! " This is an accurate prediction. However, at this time, on September 6th, 2009, when 14' s tall and thin boy looked at Copenhagen in front of him with a bag in his hand, his hometown seemed out of reach, and this huge and strange city made him feel small and lonely. But he immediately dried his tears and told himself that it was not the time to cry. Act confidently. This boy from a small town, like Aladdin, a poor boy in Arabian Nights, began to fight for his magic lamp. He took pains to ask the famous ballerina Mrs. Schall for a letter of introduction, which failed to achieve the effect of being a teacher, so he went to see Holstein, the manager of the Royal Theatre, and asked to be an actor. The manager looked at the child as tall as a stork and said, you are too thin. When you begin to perform, the audience will boo you off the stage. "Still not disappointed, the teenager offered:" It's easy. As long as you give me a month's salary 100 yuan, I will soon get fat. "The manager was angry-the poor boy was either an idiot or just having fun, so he immediately issued an expulsion order and frustrated Andersen had to leave. Dance school didn't enroll students until May. He worked hard for a few days, but he was regarded as a joke because of his accent, so he had to leave the workshop angrily. Wandering around the street, he was at a loss. It suddenly occurred to him that he saw in the newspaper that the Italian singer Professor Siboni was performing in Copenhagen and started a singing school, so he broke into the professor's house at the wedding. Curious guests were attracted by this young man who struggled alone in Copenhagen. Needless to say, his singing really showed a love for the Muse. Everyone donated money in succession, and Andersen finally got his wish and entered the singing school in Siboni. However, he was lucky not to follow a person all the time. Although Andersen is diligent and superhuman, a serious illness has damaged his voice and there is no hope for learning vocal music. The next setback made him find that he also lacked the talent for dancing and acting. He finally understood that he didn't belong on the stage. After four years of struggle from home, Andersen deeply felt this broader society full of joys and sorrows. At school, he read Shakespeare, Goethe and other famous works as well as Danish classical works, and deeply realized the charm of writing. He suddenly knew clearly what he wanted to pursue-literature. As long as he has indomitable courage and a sincere and sensitive heart, we will certainly climb to the top of literature. 1822, several critics read a play called Afsol, which was sent by a bold young man. The script has irregular rhythm and many grammatical mistakes-of course, the author obviously didn't fix Andersen's fairy tales. But wait a minute, many sparks are flashing really and vividly. Maybe this humble little guy can bring something clear to the drama world. So hans andersen, the playwright, was sent to a Latin school for further study, and Mr. Gu Lin, the national consultant, applied for a royal fee to pay for him. 17-year-old Andersen, tall and thin, is not a pleasant thing for him to sit in the junior classroom and have classes with the children. The children laughed at him as a hillbilly because he didn't know the manners of the upper class at all. In their eyes, he is. At the same time, how boring those complicated Latin modifiers are: an empty language has no soul even if it is artificially modified, and he must recite it! However, he finally passed the graduation exam at 1828. And in recent years, he has read many works of poets and writers, such as Byron, Heine and Scott, which are the real treasures! At school, Andersen did not forget his creation. His poems "Twilight" and "The Dying Child" were published in Writers' Magazine, which received great acclaim. 1829, Andersen's comedy "Love on the nikolayev Tower" premiered. Listening to the applause of the audience, the young playwright was in tears-he was also in the same theater more than ten years ago, and he was once received. It has been recognized and cheered by the public. "Travel is life," Andersen said. From 183 1, Andersen began his first overseas roaming. Throughout his life, he traveled all over Europe with an umbrella, a crutch and simple luggage, and successively completed Roaming in Amag Island, Fantasy Sketch and Travel Silhouette. His autobiographical novel The Impromptu Poet was published and received a warm welcome. Andersen is a poet, playwright and travel writer. He is versatile, and he can cut paper well. In the museum to commemorate him, there are all kinds of patterns he cut, dancers, flowers and animals hanging on the Christmas tree, and even the gate emblem on the gate, which is also his head paper-cut. But fairy tales are all created by Andersen. Andersen wrote to his girlfriend and said, "I want to write for the next generation." From his childhood experience, Andersen deeply realized the loneliness and pain of poor children's lives. In his view, in the field of poetry, nothing can be infinitely inclusive like fairy tales. Fairy tales will give children some happiness, hope and lessons, right? He began to create with all his feelings and thoughts. 1835, Andersen's first collection of fairy tales came out, which included four fairy tales: Light Box, Little Klaus and Big Klaus, Princess on Pea and Flowers in Little Idari. These fairy tales come from Andersen's own life experience. "They are hidden in my heart like seeds. They are a trickle." From this year on, children will hear a new fairy tale every Christmas. He wrote for 43 years until the end of his life when he created 168 works. Poetic language and tortuous stories made his fairy tales the most widely read books in the world before his death. The Ugly Duckling and the Soldier of the Firm Tin: Adults wander between his profound philosophy of life. Andersen's fairy tales are not only full of fantasy sparks, but also the writer who grew up from suffering has deep sympathy for the working people and those children who live in pain. In The Little Match Girl, the little girl who hasn't sold a match all day curled up in the corner and lit a match. In the twilight, she fantasized about the joy of Christmas Eve: the roast goose with a white tablecloth on the table and a knife and fork in it staggered in the heat ... but the illusion soon passed. On the morning of New Year's Day, people found her frozen to death in the street. No one knows how many same children go barefoot on winter nights, and Andersen can't solve this profound social problem. I have to look forward to heaven with deep sorrow. In his later years, Andersen had the longest fairy tale, Lucky Bell, which was autobiographical. Bell, the protagonist in fairy tales, has been pursuing the ultimate beauty and artistic realm full of beauty all his life. When he succeeded, when the audience cheered for him, when his beloved girl threw a bouquet at him, "it was like Sophocles competing in Olympia, just like when Mr. Dova listened to the symphony in the theater ... the arterial pipe in his heart burst." Like lightning, his days here ended-in the joy of the world, after completing his mission to the world, it ended without any pain. He is luckier than thousands of people! " This is Andersen's own life pursuit. Andersen is not beautiful, nor is he a noble family. He has a deep sense of inferiority in front of women. When he was studying, he lived in Gu Lin's home. Louisa Gu Lin, the daughter of Mr. Gu Lin, is gentle and beautiful, and has a profound literary accomplishment, which has penetrated into the hearts of young people. He loved her every move and smiled. In view of the failure of communication with women in the past few times, Andersen no longer wants people to know the love contained in his heart, even the slightest bit. But passionate and sincere feelings cannot be sealed. It blooms in the moist atmosphere of fairy tales and condenses into the bleak and beautiful daughter of the sea. In fairy tales, the beautiful, noble and wise prince is the embodiment of Louisa. And Andersen is his daughter, looking at the sea from a distance. The beautiful mermaid is naive, kind and selfless, and her rich love is so tenacious and pure. She pursues the most precious thing in life-the soul at all costs. This is exactly what Andersen pursues in art-eternity, sincerity and human soul.
[Edit this paragraph] List of works
"In order to strive for the next generation", Andersen decided to write fairy tales for children and publish children's stories. In the next few years, such a collection of fairy tales will be published every Christmas. Later, new works were published continuously, and it was not until 1872 that he gradually stopped writing because of cancer. In the past 40 years, * * * has written 168 fairy tales. Andersen's fairy tales have unique art.
long novel
Impromptu poet, Ault, just a violinist, two baroness, life? Death "and" luck "
poetic drama
Love in the Bell Tower of St Nicholas's Church and The Mermaid of Gernat.
opera
Norse goddess, new house, sandman, Sprue God, half-breed, Moorish daughter, flower of happiness, Andersen's fairy tale, Rammore bride, crow.
light music
Parting and gathering
One-act poetic drama
The king's dream, the bird in the pear tree, little Kirsten, the wedding by the Como River.
Four-act comedy
More precious than jewelry
comedy
Guerder Moore, an elderly mother, was born in a noble family, Longbridge.
A three-act play
Spanish guests
one-act play
Newcomer, night in Roskilda.
travel notes
1828, 1829 Walk from the Hollmen Canal to the east corner of Amar Island, visit Sweden, Spanish scenery and visit Portugal.
autobiography
Biography, the true story of my life, my fairy tale life.
poetry anthology
Poetry, fantasy and reality, twelve months a year, Andersen traveled all his life, and his works came from endless sources. He wrote six novels, six travel notes, five poems, 25 plays, three autobiographies ... and fairy tales, which were compiled by later generations because of fragmentation. Andersen's creation can be divided into three stages: early stage, middle stage and late stage. It embodies the combination of realism and romanticism. Representative works include Light Box, Little Flower, Thumbelina, Daughter of the Sea, Wild Swan and Ugly Duckling. In the middle fairy tale, the fantasy component is weakened and the reality component is relatively enhanced. In lashing ugliness and praising beauty, it shows the persistent pursuit of a better life. It also reveals a melancholy mood of lack of self-confidence. Representative works include The Little Match Girl, Shadow, A Drop of Water, Mother's Story, Puppet Player and so on. Fairy tales in the later period are more realistic than those in the middle period, focusing on describing the tragic fate of the bottom people and exposing the coldness, darkness and injustice of social life. Representative works include Dream under the Willow Tree and Puppet Show.
[Edit this paragraph] International Andersen Prize
The International Andersen Award was established by the International Federation of Children's Books (IBBY) on 1956. It is awarded to children's book writers and illustrators every two years to reward and thank them for their excellent work My Fairy Tale Life. The award is sponsored by Danish Queen Margrethe II and named after the fairy tale master Andersen. IBBY is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting children's books all over the world. Founded in 1953, headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, it currently has more than 60 branches around the world. China Branch is located in Beijing, China Children's Publishing House. Andersen wrote three autobiographies: 1832, 1847, the true story of my life and 1855, my fairy tale life. Most of his novels and fairy tales are autobiographical. For example, the impromptu poet Ault (1836) is just a violinist (1837), two baroness (1848), to be or not to be (1857), and Ib and Little Christine (/kloc-0). However, he is not satisfied with his personal life. He has never been married. His closest friends in his later years were Henrik and melcher. 1875 On August 4th, Andersen died in his mansion in melcher, Copenhagen. This fairy tale master kept writing all his life, dedicating his genius and life to the "future generation" until his death.
[Edit this paragraph] Andersen's childhood
Danish fairy tale writer Andersen lives in odense, a small town on the island of Fuen, where many nobles and landlords live. Andersen's father is just a poor shoemaker, his mother is a washerwoman, and his grandmother sometimes goes begging to subsidize her family. Those aristocratic landlords were afraid of degrading themselves and not letting their children play with Andersen, so Andersen was very autistic. His father had anger in his eyes, but he didn't show it in front of the children. Andersen's home is simple enough. There is only a small room. Broken stools and rotten beds fill this small space, leaving little room for children to move. However, it is such a shabby room that my father decorated it like a small museum. There are many paintings and decorative porcelain hanging on the wall, some toys on the windowsill cabinet, books and songs on the bookshelf and on the door glass. I also painted a landscape painting ... My father often tells Andersen stories about ancient Arabia such as Arabian Nights, and sometimes he reads Danish comedian Holberg's plays or English Shakespeare's plays. The stories in these books make little Andersen deep in thought. He often can't help but take out the puppet carved by his father in the window and perform according to the stories. This did not satisfy him. He also sewed small clothes for puppets with rags. Dress them up as poor beggars, neglected poor children, aristocratic landlords who oppress the people and so on. And make a puppet show according to your actual life experience. In order to broaden children's horizons and enrich children's spiritual world, parents agreed and encouraged Andersen to take to the streets to see the lives of glib businessmen, artisans buried in their work, hunched old beggars, nobles running in carriages, hypocritical mayors, priests and others. Get all kinds of perceptual experiences. Due to poor family life, Andersen could not go to school. He was an apprentice in a woolen shop in his early years. In 2009, Andersen, who wanted to be an actor, came to Copenhagen alone and worked as a handyman at the Royal Theatre. Later, with the help of some enthusiastic artists, he realized his dream of going to school. While studying, he began to create literature and wrote many poems. However, his real talent lies in the creation of fairy tales. He wrote 168 fairy tales in his life and became one of the most famous fairy tales in the world. In his later writing career, Andersen could write fairy tales such as The Little Match Girl, The Ugly Duckling, The Gatekeeper's Son, etc. He sympathized with the sufferings of the working people and condemned and lashed the greed and cruelty of the ruling class, all of which were related to his childhood life experience.
[Edit this paragraph] Other personal information
Andersen grew up in a shabby attic, ugly and withdrawn, and didn't like to play with other children. Instead, he shut himself in, read many fairy tales and made clothes for his doll. This self-enclosed character brought him precocious mind and melancholy personality. Although his appearance is gloomy, his heart is always hot and pure. From his works, we can see that he is a man with childlike innocence and always full of confidence in human nature. In the memory of his contemporaries, "ugliness, sadness, indifference and clumsiness" is his truest portrayal. Andersen has never been married, and his sexual orientation has been discussed by many literary researchers. In fact, Andersen's spirit in his life is very unstable. He has an uncontrollable passion for the opposite sex and is very sensitive to love and sex. He suffers from severe paranoia himself. He often falls into the illusion that he is dead, carrying a rope with him in case of fire, and he is extremely afraid of places like wilderness. Throughout his life, he was a combination of darkness and light, melancholy and innocence, fire and swamp. Some famous critics think he is a strange and rare frog.