Du Shaofu was appointed to Shuzhou
Teaching content and steps
1. Guide students to self-study according to the annotations.
2. Supplementary introduction to the author and the title of the poem based on the text annotations, and explain the poem.
Teaching hours are one class hour
About the author:
Wang Bo (650-675), courtesy name Zian, was born in Longmen, Jiangzhou (now northwest of Hejin, Shanxi). He served as a minor official in Guozhou, including joining the army, but was dismissed for some reason. Later, he went to Jiaozhi to visit his father and drowned while crossing the sea from Guangzhou.
Wang Bo showed outstanding talent when he was young. Later, he, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, and King Luo Bin were as famous for their literary skills and were known as the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty". He is also good at parallel prose, and his representative works include "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion".
Teacher’s reference:
Wang Bo’s age of birth and death, according to the text annotation, is 650-675 AD. According to the "Old Tang Book·Wang Bo Biography": "In the second year of the Yuan Dynasty, Bo went to Jiaozhi to visit his father, crossed the South China Sea, and died in the water at the age of twenty-eight. "The New Book of Tang·Biography of Wang Bo" says: "My father Fu Chou... moved to Jiaozhi." He went to the province, crossed the sea and drowned, and died at the age of twenty-nine. "Note: The second year of Shangyuan is 675 AD. According to research, Wang Bo was born in the first year of Emperor Yonghui of the Tang Dynasty (650) and died in December of the second year of Shangyuan (675). He was 26 years old. Generally speaking, The years of his birth and death are set as 650-676.
Comments on Wang Bo's poems: One of Du Fu's "Six Quatrains of Play" said: "Wang, Yang, Lu, and Luo were in a frivolous style at that time. The writing is still ongoing. Er Cao's body and name are both destroyed, and the eternal flow of rivers will not be wasted. "
Explanation:
This is a poem to say goodbye to a friend. The author was in the capital Chang'an at that time. One of his friends surnamed Du went to Shuzhou (today's Chongqing County, Sichuan) When he was appointed county captain, Wang Bo wrote this poem to see him off. "Shaofu" was the honorific title given to the county captain at that time (a county captain was an official position under the county magistrate, in charge of "public security"). To take office means to take office. The verb means to go.
This poem is also titled "Send Du Shaofu to Shuchuan"
Text explanation:
"The city gate assists the Three Qin Dynasties, and the wind and smoke look out to the Five Jin Dynasties. "
"Que" (què) refers to the watchtower in front of the imperial palace, and also refers to the watchtowers on both sides of the city gate. "Chengque" refers to the place where the emperor lived, here refers to the city palace in Chang'an. "Assistant "(fǔ), auxiliary, auxiliary, guard. "Sanqin" generally refers to the area near Chang'an at that time (the area west of Tongguan, Shaanxi today). "Assistant to Sanqin" means "assisted by Sanqin", with Sanqin "Wind smoke" refers to the smoke that blows away in the wind. "Wujin" originally refers to the five large ferries on the Minjiang River in central Sichuan. It generally refers to the place where the author of "Chengque Fu Sanqin" said goodbye to his friends. It is in Chang'an, where Sanqin auxiliary guards are guarding; "Wind Smoke Looking at Wujin" writes about the place where the friend will go to serve, which is Shuzhou through which Wujin flows. "Chengque" shows the momentum of Chang'an, and "wind smoke" shows the mist in the distance. The author is in Chang'an, and his heart is already longing for Shuzhou, where his friend is about to go. A "look" contains infinite affection.
Teacher's reference:
About "Three Qin": After Qin, Xiang Yu once divided the Qin area around Chang'an into the three kingdoms of Yong, Sai, and Zhai, and enfeoffed the Qin generals Zhang Han as King Yong, Sima Xin as King Sai, and Dong Yi as King Zhai, so they were collectively called the "Three Qins": Sichuan Province. There were five ferries in the Minjiang River from Guanxian County below to Jianwei, named Baihuajin, Wanlijin, Jiangshoujin, Shetoujin, and Jiangnanjin.
"The meaning of farewell to you is the same. Official tourist. "
"Huàn" (huàn) means to be an official. "Huanyouren" means people who leave their hometown to work as officials. Huanyou is also called a wandering eunuch. "Being farewell to you" means parting with you. The affection, "both are eunuchs" means that both of them are from a foreign land. "I" came to Chang'an, and "you" went to Shuzhou. There was infinite meaning in parting. The author himself felt very emotional when he was far away from his hometown and met friends again. He used the same situation between the two of them to comfort his friends when they were leaving.
"There are close friends in the sea, and we are like neighbors in the world." "
"Hainei", within the four seas, the world. "Existence", existence. "Bosom friends", close friends, people who understand each other and have deep friendship. "Tianya", the horizon. "Near neighbor", Close neighbor. Bi, next to each other (note: Bi, old pronunciation bì, now read bǐ) means that there are close friends within the four seas; "Tianya Ruobi Neighbor" means that even at the "end of the world". It seems like they are close neighbors. The author and his friends cannot help but feel sad about separation, but when they think about the world, as long as they are close friends, they are as close as close neighbors even if they are separated by mountains and rivers. , "Bi Neighbor" is extremely close, and the comparison between far and near shows the value of a confidant. This shows the author's true feelings for his friends regardless of their actions.
"Inaction leads to the wrong path, and the children are bound to get involved." towel. "
"Inaction", don't do anything. "Qi Lu", fork in the road, here refers to the difference. "Children" generally refers to young men and women. "Zhan" means wet. "Zhan towel" refers to crying. These two The poem says not to cry like a child in the place of separation (also refers to the moment of separation), and let the tears wet the scarf.
At the end of the poem, the author encourages his friends and himself: when they are about to break up, there is no need to behave like a son or daughter, reluctant to say goodbye, with tears staining the clothes. Written in this way, the atmosphere of the whole poem changes from sadness to boldness.
The style of the whole poem is fresh and simple, the artistic conception is broad and clear, and the language is fluent. It is completely different from the lingering and sad tone of usual farewell poems. It shows the author's lofty ambition and extraordinary ambition that is not limited to the love of his children. mind.
Looking at Tianmen Mountain
1 Solution: "Wang", looking from a distance, has the same meaning as "Wang" in "The wind and smoke look at Wujin". In Dangtu County and He County, Anhui Province, two Liangshan Mountains in the east and west face each other on both sides of the Yangtze River. They are majestic, artistic, and poetic. The great poet Li Bai's "Looking at Tianmen Mountain" artistically reproduces this image.
Teacher’s instructions after 2 students tried reading:
Tianmen/interruption/Chujiang/open, clear water/east flow/to this point/return.
The green mountains on both sides of the bank face each other, and a lonely sail comes from the sun.
Each sentence has four beats, and some are read as three beats, that is, the last three characters are one beat.
3. Lecture and analyze the content (teachers can design questions).
Where does the poet stand when he writes poetry?
Standing on a boat traveling on the Yangtze River, the base point of "looking" is constantly moving, the perspective is constantly changing, and the natural landscape is constantly changing. Time is passing again, and the whole poem is changing scenery step by step.
What’s the situation with “Wang”?
Liangshan Mountain in the west of the Yangtze River and Liangshan Mountain in the Yangtze River face each other across the river, forming a mountain interrupted like a "Tianmen". The word "broken" is very wonderful, showing the appearance of "narrowness" and "agitation". This is the second sentence of the distant view. It says that the green river water hit the cliff of Tianmen Mountain and formed a whirlpool. This is a close-up view. When the poet entered the confrontation between the two mountains, he seemed to feel that the green mountains on both sides of the bank were flowing rapidly and emerging from the river, which truly described the poet's visual and tentacle feelings. The fourth sentence writes that after passing Tianmen Mountain and looking far away, the eyes are filled with the vast river and the clear blue sky. There is only a small boat sailing from the east where the sun rises, showing calmness in the stability. This poem describes the majestic mountains and rivers of the motherland.
4 Analysis of artistic techniques: The poet skillfully combines distant and close views, movement and calmness, and excitement and unrestrainedness to form a vast and colorful Yangtze River. Landscape drawings. The poet visited the famous mountains and rivers of his motherland. With his strong aesthetic taste and superb aesthetic ability, he carefully observed the ever-changing aesthetic factors of natural things, grasped their characteristics, and expressed them in poetic language that was concise and musical.
When will the moon shine brightly in the song "Shui Tiao"
1 Solution: Su Shi is a great poet who is full of contradictions, depression and struggling for spiritual relief. This poem not only creates many clean and beautiful images, but is also filled with a feeling of anxiety, boredom and helplessness. The whole poem uses the moonlight drinking on the Mid-Autumn Festival night and the memory of his younger brother Ziyou to show the awakening of the soul, that is, the process of transcending reality and finally returning to reality.
2 Students read to themselves to find out the words they don’t know, and solve the problem by themselves by comparing the notes and looking up the dictionary.
3. Analyze the content. Students are not required to understand everything, because the words contain profound philosophy. Students are only required to have a general understanding of the meaning expressed in the form of words. From the beginning, the poet placed himself in the vast blue sky, boundless yet lonely and pitiful. The greatness of nature and the insignificance of life are highlighted clearly in the bright moonlight. The word "ask" contains hope and bold feelings in the contrast between greatness and insignificance, embodying the poet's detached thought of being one with the universe. After all, the burden on the poet's soul was too heavy, which really restrained him, and he fell into deep pain. He wandered, guessed, and wanted to fly to the moon palace, but he didn't know what day it was tonight, and he was afraid that the ideal state in the sky was more powerful than the reality on earth. It’s painful, so “Dancing to clear the shadows, how can it be like being in the human world?” Let’s be in the human world! Of course, there are joys and sorrows in the world, and this has been the case since ancient times. I only hope that people can "live long" and "live thousands of miles away from the beauty of the moon".
4 Analysis of artistic techniques: This poem sets up a broad and clean realm to express the process of escaping from sobriety, depression, hesitation and returning to reality. It is broad-minded and contains great content - both He dissected himself and comforted his brother. This is the lifelong shadow of the poet, the mentality of intellectuals in the late feudal society, and the embodiment of the cultural and ideological structure of the Chinese nation - the blend of worldly Confucianism and secular Buddhist thought. Therefore, this poem has great artistic value of concise image.
Yangtong on the hillside cares about the ancient times
1 Solving the problem The author expressed his emotions when he passed Tongguan on his way to Shaanxi for disaster relief. At that time, there was a severe drought in Shaanxi, and the victims exchanged their children for food. The author was so concerned about the people's suffering that he died of sorrow.
2 Students use the knowledge taught by the teacher to read out the rhythm first and be able to recite it.
3. Analyze the content. Peaks and mountains gather to guard it, and the waves of the Yellow River are surging. There is Mount Laoshan to the east of Tongguan, Zhongtiao Mountain to the north, and the Three Peaks of Huayue to the west. The situation is steep, and the Yellow River lingers outside as a natural barrier. The three characters "Tongguan Road" describe the difficulty of traveling on the road, which not only describes the previous sentence, but also opens up the following sentence "Looking at the Western Capital, feeling hesitant". "Hesitate" about what? "It is sad that wherever the Qin and Han Dynasties traveled, thousands of palaces and palaces were turned into dirt.
"Afang Palace in Xianyang, the capital of Qin, was burned to scorched earth by the Chu people. Later, "ten thousand palaces" were built in the capital of the Yuan Dynasty, but they were destroyed again, exploiting a large number of people. In short, "the people suffered when they prospered; when they died, the people suffered." bitter. "The theme is vividly highlighted here.
4 Analysis of artistic techniques: It seems to be nostalgic, but in fact it hurts the present. It has a vigilant intention and a clear image, bursting out the brilliance of people's democratic thoughts in the strong lyrical color. The language is clear, rhythmic, and artistically charming.
Homework:
1 Divide the rhythm in "Tian Jing Sha Qiu Si" and understand it.
2 Copy the rhyming words in "When will the moon shine at the head of the water tune"
3 Enjoy the benefits of adding black dots in the following sentences:
(1) Farewell to you. I mean, they are both eunuchs.
(2) The gate of heaven interrupts the opening of the Chu River.
(3) The peaks are like gatherings, and the waves are like anger.
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Attachment: Analysis of difficult sentences in "Yangtong cares about the ancient times on the hillside"
①The peaks and mountains are like gatherings, ‖②The waves are like anger,丨③Tongguan Road inside and outside the mountains and rivers
1 Parallel complex sentence. The first part is a parallel complex sentence. The subject of the third sentence is "mountains and rivers outside and inside", and the following are nominal predicates.
2 The two metaphors in the first part are both. It compares specific things to an action, which is quite strange; "Ju" refers to the overlapping peaks and ridges, and "Wu" refers to the rolling waves. On the surface, Tongguan is said to be majestic and a dangerous and unusual fortress. In fact, the writer is full of emotions. It is a clever metaphor in rhetoric, but it also describes the scenery.
3 "Mountains and rivers outside and inside" is the subject, and "Tongguan Road" is the predicate. "Zuo Zhuan: The Twenty-Eighth Year of Duke Xi": "If it is not quick, the mountains and rivers inside and outside will be harmless. "Originally, it was written that the Yellow River serves as a barrier outside the Jin Dynasty, and the Taihang Mountains can be defended within. This is a rhetorical technique of "joint narrative", which means "mountains inside and outside the river", or "mountains inside and outside the river", now it is said as "mountains and rivers outside "Li" and "Hexu" have intertwined changes, making it even more difficult.
Translation: "The mountains overlap and the waves roll; outside there is the Yellow River and inside there is the Taihang Mountains. This is the road to Tongguan." "
"Sad" is where the Qin and Han classics are running.
Single sentence. The subject is self-reported. The predicate is "sad", and "the Qin and Han classics are running at" is a partial complement of the local phrase, which can be added before The preposition "yu" is above. In Sadula's "Niannujiao: Dengshicheng" there is "sad for eternity", which is also "sad for eternity", and "eternal" is the local object of "jingxing". Due to the musical requirements, it can also be said that "Qin and Han" is the passive subject. "Qin and Han" replaces "Qin and Han Dynasty"
Translation: "I was very sad when I passed by the Qin and Han palace ruins. "But when translated into modern Chinese, the preposition structure as a complement must be moved to the front as an adverbial.