You can appreciate the excellent spirit, morality and aesthetic taste of the Chinese nation.
Classical poetry is the most precious and abundant literary source for middle school students and even everyone. It can enrich students' thoughts, broaden their horizons and cultivate their humanistic quality.
Students can learn the clearest and sweetest water of literature from the source of literature, and they can also feel the profound classical culture when reciting ancient poems, understand the life, thoughts and culture of the ancients, and feel the classics in the same strain from poems, allusions and pictures.
China's children should be poetic and bookish, and should find the power to calm their spirit and temperament in today's impetuous.
Therefore, ancient poetry is not only literature, but also a firm belief and spiritual strength.
Learning classical poetry is the best way to learn China culture.
The teaching of ancient poetry and prose is actually to educate national culture in the form of literature.
Poetry from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty and from the Chu Dynasty to the Han Dynasty is fantastic in writing, colorful, elegant in taste and pleasing to the eye.
For high school students, it is the most important goal to absorb the essence of predecessors' thoughts from poetry appreciation and feel the spiritual charm of poetry.
However, contemporary middle school students have a considerable degree of fear of difficulties and alienation when learning ancient poems.
Chinese classics have become "antiques" that students can't digest, accept or even refuse to accept, and are far less popular than romance martial arts novels and popular lyrics.
With the gradual deepening of the new curriculum reform, the proportion of ancient poetry in high school Chinese textbooks has increased, which shows that the country has begun to attach importance to the inheritance of ancient classics.
However, in reality, the rigid teaching mode of ancient poetry is often limited to piecemeal analysis and word-for-word translation, which leads to the fragmentation of teaching content and the decline of students' interest. They just stick to marked words, but they don't understand the meaning behind the words, master the method of appreciating poetry, touch the author's feelings with heart, and don't really fit the author's heart, which makes the non-literary tendency of ancient poetry teaching more and more serious.
From the perspective of learning, students only stay at the level of translation and recitation, lacking the cultivation of interest and ability in appreciating ancient poems.
In addition, students' academic pressure and homework tasks are very heavy, which makes them lack too much time and energy to appreciate poetry, and the accumulation of classical poetry and related knowledge is weak or even barren.
In addition, the current examination mode is more difficult. Students' knowledge and skills often make them confused and scratching their heads when facing the examination questions. It is difficult for them to gain a sense of accomplishment and satisfaction from the study of classical poetry, and of course they will lose their interest in learning and motivation to move forward.
Therefore, in order to make students really like ancient poetry and carry it forward, they must really feel the beauty in ancient poetry and ancient prose, and it is imperative to cultivate students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry and ancient prose, so that students can discover the infinite charm of China's ancient cultural language through appreciation, like it and pass it on.
How to improve students' appreciation interest and ability?
Students' knowledge of learning classical poetry mainly comes from the classroom, so the classroom is the main position to cultivate and improve students' appreciation ability.
However, both students and teachers have problems in the classroom to varying degrees.
Through the analysis of the questionnaire, there are the following specific problems:
1. Students have a weak foundation and lack of literature accumulation.
Difficult to understand words, embarrassed to read; Lack of expression ability, can not express their understanding well; Poor associative thinking makes it difficult to enter the artistic conception; If you don't master the basic technology well, you can't analyze its effect; Especially the latter two are the most obvious.
2. Classroom vision is narrow, and teachers rarely systematically guide and cultivate students' thinking.
As far as many classes I have observed are concerned, teachers generally attach importance to the training of students' abstract thinking while ignoring the development of thinking in images, which shows that they pay attention to the rational analysis and generalization of the contents of the works, but lack the excavation of language sentiment and implication, the perception of specific images and the appreciation of emotional factors and aesthetic factors of the works.
The rapid loss of cultural heritage has turned the most educational, infectious and artistic literature class into a boring and dry technical class.
In order to solve the above problems, we take our own classroom as the experimental field, and explore from the aspects of reciting and thinking, and strive to change the traditional teaching methods. On the basis of profoundly grasping the connotation and characteristics of thinking activities in literary appreciation, we will constantly explore ways and methods to cultivate students' thinking ability and strengthen the training of students' thinking in images, hoping to help our teaching and students' literacy.
First of all, read aloud-Han Yong Kung Fu is very interesting.
The study of ancient poetry is a huge project, and its starting point is to read aloud, recite repeatedly and appreciate the charm.
Chanting follows the poet's feelings, and at the same time breeds the poet's feelings. With the sound and emotion, the final work is the written record of the poet's voice and emotion.
Then, when reading, readers can try to figure out the poet's voice and intonation by chanting, and reach the realm of mutual communication between their own hearts and the author's hearts through the voice.
Therefore, reciting is one of the effective ways to read and appreciate poetry.
Effective recitation can not only stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning classical poetry, but also enable students to follow the words into the author's inner world in the voice of reading.
In order to be effective, students need necessary guidance to master the necessary reading methods, so as to improve their appreciation level.
Zhu said: "Generally speaking, to read a book, you must be familiar with it first, so that all its words come from my mouth. After careful consideration, I can make my thoughts come from my heart, and then I can get it. "
Therefore, to read poetry, we must first be familiar with it, that is, put on words to enter the artistic conception and express meaning with expressions.
The content of words is perceived in many ways in the eyes, in the mouth, in the ears and in the heart.
The ancients said, "Poetry takes emotion as its body" and "Emotion speaks for itself".
Reciting without emotion is definitely unsuccessful.
Reading the text aloud, or even reciting the text, has a subtle influence on students.
Recite "we are all unhappy-at the end of the day, we met." We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Help each other in the same boat and sigh the world; Reciting "a moment that should last forever has come and gone before I know it" is like a separated world, mourning for self-harm; Reading "But failed to conquer, he died, and the hero shed tears from now on" will make you miss Du Like Fu, a marquis of Wu, and make you feel ashamed of your country and shed tears.
With the gradual deepening of the new curriculum reform, many teachers attach great importance to reading aloud in teaching, but many people just regard reading aloud as a form, reading for the sake of reading, only seeing students reading, no teachers reading, teachers reading for students, and lack of demonstration and guidance, which makes students reading without goals and pursuits, unable to arouse their reading enthusiasm, and of course unable to have real emotional experience.
When you read your feelings, you must be full of emotion.
Reading aloud in various forms is the basis of familiar reading.
You can read aloud with music in the classroom, which can be read by an old teacher, an individual or a group. The most valuable reading is evaluative reading, in which students evaluate each other and teachers comment.
Comments on pronunciation, pause, rhythm, urgency and emotional expression may not be perfect, but a strong sense of participation makes students realize the beauty of poetry, which belongs to their own personal interpretation.
For example, when Professor Hong, a famous special-grade teacher, wrote the poem Market in the Sky, his demonstration reading was full of emotion and appeal, which made students fully feel the charm of reading.
Secondly, think carefully, and on this basis, read beautifully.
The process of reading is the process of thinking.
Reading poetry is not a general reading, but a process from the outside to the inside and from the inside out. Reading without thinking can't bring profound emotional experience.
"Reading poetry should feel the poet's life, experience the poet's mood, associate the poet's situation, pursue the poet's thinking track, enter the role of lyric hero, and then pursue the poet's spiritual realm, experience the profound poetry between the lines, and produce a feeling of' I am the author'.
"For example, the same poem will have ups and downs, and different poems by the same author will have different emotions and their expressions.
This requires students to start with words, learn to "bubble" and restore poetry for reading.
Intentional reading is the most missing link in teachers' classroom and students' learning.
Intentional reading needs the perfect combination of reading skills and poetry; Read the image from association and imagination, let students go deep into it and feel the same; Look at keywords from the expression and expression.
"If you don't ignore a word, you will understand its spirit" (Ye Shengtao).
Grasping the key words and reading carefully can not only better read the taste of poetry, but also help students understand and appreciate the inherent meaning of poetry language, thus cultivating students' sense of language and the effect of reading will be revealed.
For example, Professor Zheng's national open class "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" runs through the whole class, and teachers give appropriate guidance to promote learning by reading, so that students can experience the pleasure of appreciation in reading.
First reading: correct pronunciation.
Read the pronunciation and rhythm correctly and outline the words you don't understand.
Reading for the second time: understanding the meaning of the article
Are there any words you don't understand?
Summarize each paragraph in two words: "Dream (), Dream (), Dream ()".
The Third Reading: Reading Experience
Read the whole poem freely, sketch out your favorite sentences while reading, and talk about the reasons why you like it.
Reading for the fourth time: reading emotions.
"Read three hundred Tang poems by heart, and you can recite them even if you can't recite them." And "if you are familiar with old poems, you will learn from them." .
Mr. Zhu Guangqian once said: "Poetry written on paper is just a symbol. Literacy is not enough to understand this symbol. You should watch images, listen to music and appreciate the emotions in words.
When reciting poetry, you should convey this image, music and interest in your tone.
This kind of kung fu is really creative.
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Second, pay attention to the cultivation of thinking.
Hegel said: "Real creation is the activity of artistic imagination.
Mr. Ye Shengtao once said: "In the basic training of Chinese education, the most important thing is the training of thinking.
In fact, students' messy expression and nonstandard words in poetry appreciation activities are a manifestation of reading confusion.
However, in the teaching class of ancient poetry, many teachers regard poetry appreciation as a technical activity, sum up methods and instill ideas, which makes the original poetry full of emotion and charm dismembered or even unrecognizable.
This practice of putting the cart before the horse hinders the re-creation of students' brains, and students get only the routines and terms of answering questions, rather than rich, smooth and complete emotional experiences.
There are only concrete and blunt questions in students' thinking, but there is no poetry.
Therefore, high school Chinese teaching should not only impart Chinese knowledge, but also actively cultivate thinking ability.
Ye Xie said in "The Original Poem": "The original husband is a poet at the beginning, so he should do something to arouse his meaning, and then all kinds of remarks belong to sentences and apply them into chapters.
When it touches something and rises, its meaning, its words and its sentences are all empty, all from scratch and taken from the heart.
For love, for scenery, for things.
It can be seen that thinking in images is an important thinking activity for literary and art workers to carry out literary and artistic creation, and it is also a visual thinking activity for them to understand and reflect real life.
When we appreciate ancient poetry, we can explore the author's visual thinking process, that is, grasp the author's association and imagination to guide students' thinking, deeply feel the meaning of the work and the author's emotion, appreciate the artistic charm of the work, train and develop students' thinking ability, and stimulate students' creative thinking while improving their Chinese ability.
Chinese has always been a place where beautiful women gather. The classroom interaction, exploration and communication of thinking, the extensiveness of imagination and fantasy, and the permeability of spring breeze and rain make it possible to think under the guidance, analysis and appreciation of teachers and students' questioning, communication, understanding, exploration and self-awareness, whether it is the beauty of language, image or artistic conception.
Students dig deep into knowledge, master knowledge, develop innovative thinking, analyze and solve problems, and gradually improve their ability to distinguish right from wrong.
In the collision, thinking has been formed, and gradually improved with students' understanding and examination of knowledge, infiltrating into students' minds and hearts.
1, based on poetry, divergent thinking.
Poetry appreciation cannot override the content and language of poetry. Therefore, the cultivation of students' Chinese thinking must also be based on poetry itself. Without appreciation of poetry, it is a rootless tree and passive water, which cannot truly reflect the author's thoughts.
When we guide students to appreciate poetry, we can associate it according to the author's thinking direction, so as to understand the content of the work and the author's emotion, appreciate the artistic conception and charm of the work, and train students' associative imagination ability.
(1) Analyze the title of the poem and guide students to guess and master the content of the poem.
Students can know the theme, theme and even writing techniques of the article from the title of the poem.
Because the title of a poem is the same as the title of an article, it is often a concentrated summary of the whole poem and dominates the whole poem.
For example, "Niannujiao Red Cliff Nostalgia" is an ancient poem to express one's feelings; To the Top is a poem about climbing stairs. This technique is usually viewed from the perspective of landscape writing. The summit must be expressed, and emotional understanding is also the key.
For example, when appreciating Zhu's reading thought, it is difficult to accurately grasp the theme of the poem-"Talking about reading" if you don't understand the poem in combination with its title.
Therefore, in teaching, teachers should remind students to start with the topic of poetry and try to identify the general content of poetry, so as to provide convenience for analyzing the connotation of poetry.
(2) Know people and discuss the world, and understand the humanistic background of poetry.
The core of poetry appreciation is to distinguish words and understand the author's feelings.
Emotion is the life of poetry, and people, things, objects or scenes in poetry are tortuous descriptions of the author's emotions and thoughts.
To a great extent, students' understanding of the background of the poet can be the "golden key" for students to evaluate poetry and understand its thoughts.
(3) Grasping the artistic conception of images and accurately extracting the theme of poems.
The most important thing in poetry appreciation teaching is to cultivate students' ability to taste words in artistic conception.
Words and sentences in poetry can only be understood accurately if they are analyzed in a unified poetic context, which is also an important combination of poetry teaching and traditional aesthetic education.
The basis of grasping the artistic conception of poetry is image. When appreciating, we should restore the jumping image to a smooth and complete picture, so as to restore the scene, life and emotion written by the author.
This is what teachers lack in teaching, which directly leads to the fragmentation of students' thinking and intermittent expression.
Therefore, we should pay attention to the reading of images in teaching.
2. Expand the breadth of students' Chinese thinking.
To form Chinese thinking, we must first broaden students' breadth in the field of knowledge.
For the extension of knowledge field, teachers should provide students with extracurricular materials in time in teaching, which not only cultivates students' reading ability, but also broadens their cognition of extracurricular knowledge.
For example, when explaining the death of Xiang Yu, linking Du Mu's Tiaojiang Pavilion, Wang Anshi's Wujiang Pavilion and Li Qingzhao's Ode to Xiang Yu after class can guide students to make a comparative summary when evaluating Xiang Yu.
When I was explaining Moonlit Night on a Spring River, I printed and distributed Flowers Burying Poems and Poems of Sorrow for a White Head to my classmates, and said, "It's endless, passed down from generation to generation, and Jiang Yue is only similar every year" and "peaches and plums can reappear next year". Who knows next year? The comparative reading of "flowers are similar every year, people are different every year" has deepened students' understanding of the cosmic consciousness in the text.
When studying Peacock Flying Southeast, the tragic love story of He can be related to similar folk stories, such as the Cowherd and Weaver Girl, Liang Zhu, Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu depicted by Cao Xueqin in A Dream of Red Mansions, Romeo and Juliet written by Shakespeare, and the love stories of many famous people in China history, such as He, He Shi, Tang Wangming and Yang Guifei, Lu You and Lu You.
After being eccentric, Jiao Zhongqing Liu Lanzhi became a mandarin duck, which can be associated with butterfly lovers's death or Han Yuefu's Regret for the Past. I want to know you and live a long life.
There are no graves in the mountains, rivers are inexhaustible, winter thunder bursts, summer rain and snow, heaven and earth are in harmony, dare to be with you! Bai Juyi's "Song of Eternal Sorrow" says that we want two birds to be one, fly in the sky, grow together on the earth, and have two branches in one tree. And Yuan Haowen's "Fishing" asks what the world is like and teaches people to commit themselves to life and death. And so on similar works of thoughts and feelings.
When explaining Song Ci, students can be guided to collect and sort out the characteristics of the whole Southern Song Dynasty, so as to analyze and summarize the feelings of home and country of Lu You, Xin Qiji and other Southern Song Ci writers.
The broadening of horizons and the increase of reading have created a broader thinking space for students. They think more deeply, comprehensively and smoothly, and have a higher vision. Through the accumulation of quantity, they can realize qualitative mutation, better exercise their thinking and gradually improve their aesthetics.
3. Dig the depth of students' Chinese thinking.
Superficiality will only make students show off for a while, and then throw them out of the clouds, so that they can't accumulate knowledge, dig deep into the field of knowledge, and cultivate their thinking ability.
Therefore, in Chinese teaching, teachers should guide students to dig deep into the connotation of knowledge and understand the essence of things through appearances.
For example, Appreciation of Ancient Poetry arranges Du Fu's four poems in two units. When giving lectures, they are arranged in chronological order together with compulsory courses such as Ode to Historic Sites, Ascending the Mountain, Prosperity in Autumn, and Book Reading, so as to explore Du Fu's spiritual track in depth. Combining the origin of Du Fu, let students have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of Du Fu, and truly understand Du Fu's poetic style, so that when interpreting other works of Du Fu.
It is the ultimate goal of Chinese class to make them develop a habit of thinking and consciously summarize various literary phenomena that frequently appear in textbooks.
For another example, the most common images in Li Bai's poems are the moon and wine. In teaching, we can summarize all Li Bai's poems horizontally and compare the images of the moon and wine written by different poets vertically, so as to deepen students' understanding of the meanings of these two images.
When talking about "cicada makes the forest quiet, but Tonamiyama is quieter", students can be guided to list the poems they have learned to make the movement calm, deepen their impression of this technique and summarize its characteristics.
Teachers often take various ways to broaden and deepen teaching materials in class, and accumulate a lot of knowledge, which is of great help to students' reading thinking.
4. Writing promotes appreciation and activates students' thinking.
Ancient poetry is a highly concise literary work, which is rich in images and contains a lot of association and imagination.
The author "thinks for a thousand years" and "looks at the past and the present in a flash"; "Focus on octupole, travel to Wan Ren" and "caress the whole world instantly".
Then, "between chanting, exhale the voice of Zhu Yu; Before, the wind and cloud are comfortable.
"(Wen Xin Diao Shen Longsi).
Combining the generality, vividness and lyricism of poetic language, practicing describing poetic artistic conception can better train students' imagination and oral expression ability.
For example, when Mr. Guo Ke talked about "Wang Wei and his pastoral poems", he first showed the students a set of pictures and asked: Who are there in the pictures? What are they doing? What scenery? What are the characteristics? What foods show these characteristics? After careful observation and pondering, students give full play to association and imagination and describe them in language.
Students' works range from simple to complex, from rough to meticulous, from flat to beautiful.
Finally, the students compare their descriptions with poems to see the difference.
The setting of this teaching link effectively cultivates students' reading thinking, reminds students to appreciate poetry from images, and pays attention to people, scenery, artistic conception and emotion.
The depiction of the picture allows students to spread their wings of imagination and immerse themselves in delicate poetry. Wang Wei's characteristic of "painting in poetry and poetry in painting" is easy to be realized by students.
When studying classical poetry, teachers can consciously train students' reading thinking through writing.
It can be the restoration of poetic images, such as One Night in a Foreign Country; It can be a description of the artistic conception of poetry, such as Tianjingsha Qiu Si; It can be the psychology of the characters in the poem, such as "the hut was broken by the autumn wind"; It can also be an evaluation of poetic feelings, such as Du Fu's feelings of worrying about the country and the people; It can also be a summary of the nature of the topic.
This can not only deepen students' understanding of ancient poetry, but also train students' associative imagination, cultivate literary talent, dig deep into ideas and achieve multiple goals.
The above is just a superficial view after our group's research. The improvement of students' appreciation ability is a long process. We will pay attention to students in the future teaching, cultivate them for a long time, form the habit of learning and thinking, and change teaching strategies with the change of education direction, object and environment, so that students can continuously improve their aesthetic ability and Chinese literacy in poetry appreciation.