brief introduction
Zhang, a native of Jinan (present-day Shandong), is the 23rd grandson of Zhang Jiugao, the younger brother of Zhang Jiuling, a famous Tang Dynasty soldier.
I have experienced sai-jo, Chengzong, Wuzong, Yingzong, Taiding Emperor and Wenzong in my life. Not many talents, recommended by Zheng Xue as Dongping people. Shi Li Danielle, Shi Yu Shutai, Prince Literature, Supervision Yu Shi, Guan Hanlin Attendance Department, Right Division Attendance Department, Shi Li Assistant Minister, Shi Li Shangshu, Zhongshu Province's participation in politics, etc. After resigning and retiring, the court can't recruit seven more. Tian Li two years (1329), the Guanzhong drought, he was an official in Shaanxi. That year, I broke down from overwork and died in the office.
In the second year of Yuan Wenzong to Shun (133 1), Zhang, Dr. Rong Lu, Shaanxi and other places were posthumously awarded the posts of "Pingzhang" and "Zhu Guo" in Zhongshu Province, and they were posthumously awarded the title of "Guo Binfu" and paid tribute to the assistant minister of the Ministry of Rites, the minister of the Ministry of Rites and the minister of Zhongshu Province. Your honorific title is Gong.
Major achievements
Political aspects
Promote the resumption of the imperial examination
In the second year of Qing Dynasty (13 13), under the active promotion of Zhang, Yuan Mingshan and others, the imperial court of Yuan Dynasty held a palace entrance examination in the second year of Renzong (13 15), which was the first time since the founding of the Yuan Dynasty. Zhang, Yuan Mingshan and others also presided over the examination, and finally admitted 56 people including Hu Dudaer and Zhang Qiyan as Jinshi.
After five years' extension (13 18), Zhang once again presided over the imperial examination that year, adding 56 people, including Da Er and Huo Xixian.
Guanzhong disaster relief
In the second year of Tian Li's reign (1329), when the court called him to Taichung, Shaanxi Province for disaster relief, he immediately boarded the bus and went anywhere at night, regardless of his old age and infirmity. "Shameless, this heart is not an official." (Xi Fanjing) It was not the official rank that summoned him, but the disaster that seriously inspired his spirit of bearing heavy burdens for the people. On the way to be an official, I passed Luoyang, Mianchi and Tongguan and went straight to Chang 'an. Along the way, I witnessed the tragic situation of the victims, felt the rise and fall of dynasties, and wrote several nostalgic songs, which showed my sadness about the bleak prospects of North Korea and my deep sympathy for the people's suffering. After taking office, "whoever helps the people will do whatever it takes" (Su Wei's Preface to Zhang Wenzhong's Public Year). I have been an official in Shaanxi for four months, but I have never returned home to live. I have been living in the government, praying to heaven at night and going out to help the victims during the day. I didn't slack off all day, and eventually I broke down from overwork. The news came that "Guanzhong people were saddened by the loss of their parents" (Biography of the Yuan Dynasty).
Write "three suggestions"
Zhang follows Confucianism and always does what he says. "remonstrating politics" represents his leading thought of advocating honest and upright officials all his life. The admonition policy is also called "three remonstrances", in which the remonstrance of the animal husbandry is the local official, the remonstrance of the constitution is the supervisor, and the remonstrance of the temple is the central official. Three pieces of advice are sincere advice to local officials, supervisory officials and central officials. "Three remonstrances" is an important part of the monograph on official morality in the Yuan Dynasty, which has important reference value for studying the political thought, government affairs and social atmosphere at that time, and also has considerable influence on the feudal ruling concept of later generations.
Taking Advice to Herdsmen as an example, this paper discusses the essentials of worshipping life, taking office, hearing litigation, imperial edict, declaring edict, being cautious in prison, saving the famine, working long hours and living in seclusion. "It is better to praise good deeds, to benefit from the righteous Xiu De, and even from things, to eliminate treachery and treat people with compassion. Anyone who can be a model at the county level will do their best. " Feng xian's suggestion > preface). [2] Zhang put forward six principles in the article "Staff", that is, each should guard his own career, be kind to others, share weal and woe, slander others, be polite to others, and be self-disciplined. The discussion is concise, for example, The Legal Person Who Can't Self-discipline points out that "the same officials have made mistakes, which will not endanger politics and should be tolerant. Generally speaking, be strict with yourself and be lenient with others. You must let everyone be with you, and there is no reason in the world. " A few words got to the point. No wonder many local officials "left a book at home and did it". Although this book is not a masterpiece, it also inspires today's leaders.
Literary aspect
San qu da Jia
Zhang is one of the representative writers of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, and his Sanqu creation has established his immortal position in the history of China literature. His collection of Sanqu is Trang Van's Living in a Comfortable Little Yuefu, which is called Trang Van Yuefu for short. * * * contains more than 50 pieces of his/kloc-0. There are also many colorful songs named Zhang Yunzhuang's Works, which are included in other anthologies.
Content determines form. Zhang's broad artistic vision and rich creative themes make it impossible for his works to be graceful and lingering. Zhang, who started with Sanqu Liberalism in his early days, is also considered as a representative writer of Sanqu Liberalism in Yuan Dynasty. In particular, his masterpiece "Goat Tongguan Nostalgia" is magnificent, gloomy and profound, which greatly improves the expressive force of Sanqu and can be called a first-class masterpiece in Yuan Dynasty. The author's humanitarian spirit of being diligent, loving the people and saving the world, his thought of avoiding the world and his critical consciousness of criticizing reality with history as a mirror make his works rich in ideological connotation, which reflects Zhang's personality and noble mind of saving the world from different aspects.
Zhang retired from his hometown at the age of 5 1 for more than eight years. During this period, he "looks like the wind and flowers, and the birds are sweet." He took Liuhe as his home, the four seasons as his friends, was proud of Lin Quan, was addicted to poetry and wine, and wrote many beautiful and moving poems and Sanqu. Returning to the Field was his masterpiece collection when he lived at home.
Famous poets and poets
Zhang is not only famous for Sanqu in the world, but also has high achievements in poetry, which can be compared with the four great poets in Yuan Dynasty. He is rich in content and has a wide range of subjects, and he has excellent works in chanting history, traveling, reflecting real politics and people's livelihood. Moreover, the language is beautiful and mature, especially good at writing scenery and expressing emotion.
His prose is also unique in style and diverse in genre. In his long-term political career, many political papers he wrote in combination with reality were mostly full of emotion, incisive and clear-cut, which not only played a positive role at that time, but also played a positive role in our politics, economy and life today.
In his later years, Zhang compiled his poems into 40 volumes of Returning to the Field, and there are 24 existing volumes, which are included in Sikuquanshu. His political essays are entitled "Three remonstrances", including "Mu remonstrance", "Feng Xian remonstrance" and "Si remonstrance". He also has a collection of words "Jianghu Long and Short Sentences", but unfortunately it has been lost.
Which dynasty did Zhang belong to?
Yuan dynasty people
Yang Hao was one of the representative writers of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, and his Sanqu creation established his immortal position in the history of China literature. His collection of Sanqu, referred to as * * *, contains more than 50 pieces of his/kloc-0 Sanqu works. There are also many colorful songs named Zhang Yunzhuang's Works, which are included in other anthologies.
Content determines form. His broad artistic vision and rich creative themes determine that his works cannot be graceful and lingering. Zhang, who started with Sanqu Liberalism in his early days, is also considered as a representative writer of Sanqu Liberalism in Yuan Dynasty. In particular, his masterpiece is magnificent, gloomy and profound, which greatly improves the expressive force of Sanqu, and can be called the first-class masterpiece in Yuanqu. The author's humanitarian spirit of being diligent and loving the people, his thought of avoiding the world, and his critical consciousness of criticizing historical reality in most Sanqu songs make his works rich in ideological connotation, which embodies Zhang Meishan's personality sentiment and noble mind of saving the world from different aspects.