Liu Yuxi
Weeds and flowers beside Suzaku Bridge,
The sun sets at the entrance of Wuyi Lane.
In the old society, Wang Xieyan,
Fly into the homes of ordinary people.
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1 .Wuyi Lane: In the southeast of Nanjing today, on the south bank of Wende Bridge, it was the imperial residence during the Wu Dong period of the Three Kingdoms. Because the imperial guards at that time were all wearing black uniforms, the local proverb was called Wuyi Lane. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wang Dao and Xie An both lived in Wuyi Lane and called their children "Wuyi Lang". After entering the Tang Dynasty, Wuyi Lane was reduced to ruins. Now it is a gathering place for folk handicrafts.
2. Suzaku Bridge: Now Jiangning County, Jiangsu Province, across the Huaihe River.
3. Ordinary: Ordinary.
Rhyme translation
Some weeds are in full bloom by the Suzaku Bridge, and only the sunset hangs at the entrance of Wuyi Lane. Swallows under the eaves of giants have now flown into the homes of ordinary people.
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This is a nostalgic poem. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Zhuque Bridge on the Qinhuai River in Nanjing and Wuyi Lane on the south bank were prosperous, but now they are overgrown with weeds and desolate. Feel the vicissitudes of life, life is changeable. Arouse people's imagination with Yan Qi's lair, which contains but does not show; Painting the background with "wild flowers" and "sunset oblique" is beautiful but not vulgar. Although the language is extremely shallow, it is full of interest. Shi Buhua's Poem on Servant has three or four comments on this poem: "If you are a swallow, he will stay. Cover the swallow is still in this hall, and Xie Wang has dispersed and become an ordinary person. If you do this, you will feel infinite and your pen will be extremely curved. "
The first sentence is "Wild grass flowers beside Suzaku Bridge", which spans the Qinhuai River in Nanjing and is the only way from downtown to Wuyi Lane. The bridge and Wuyi Lane on the south bank are not only geographically adjacent, but also historically related. In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wuyi Lane was a residential area of Tujia people in Gaomen, where Wang Dao, the founding father, and Xie An, who commanded the Battle of Feishui, once lived. The heavy building decorated with two bronze finches on the ancient bridge was built by Xie An. Literally, Suzaku Bridge is even opposite Wuyi Lane. Using Suzaku Bridge to sketch the environment of Wuyi Lane not only conforms to the geographical reality, but also creates the aesthetic feeling of antithesis and evokes relevant historical associations. It is the choice of "killing three birds with one stone". What is striking in the sentence is the wild flowers overgrown with weeds by the bridge. The grass grows and flowers bloom, indicating that spring has arrived. Putting the word "wild" in front of "grass flowers" adds a lonely atmosphere to the scenery. In addition, these weeds and wild flowers grow beside the busy Suzaku Bridge, which reminds us that they may contain profound meanings. I remember that the author once used "weeds" as a symbol of decline in the poem "Thousands of Families Become Weeds" ("Taicheng"). Now, in this poem, "weeds and flowers" are highlighted in this way, which shows that the once prosperous Suzaku Bridge has become desolate and desolate today!
The second sentence, "Sunset at the entrance of Wuyi Lane", shows that Wuyi Lane is not only set in the background of the dilapidated and desolate ancient bridge, but also presented in the afterglow of the sunset. The word "oblique" in the sentence corresponds to the word "flower" in the previous sentence. As a verb, it is the dynamic of writing the scene. "Sunset", the sunset in the west, and then click the word "oblique" to highlight the bleak scene of the sunset. Wuyi Lane, which was originally in its heyday, should have returned home with clothes on. Now, with a touch of oblique light, the author completely enveloped Wuyi Lane in a lonely and desolate atmosphere.
After comparing the environment and rendering the atmosphere, it seems that it is time to describe the changes in Wuyi Lane in a positive way and express the author's feelings. However, the author did not use too shallow writing methods, such as "Who lives in Wuyi Lane, looking back makes people remember" (Sun's "Wu Yi Lane Fu"), "Nowhere to find a house, falling flowers and singing birds in Liling Spring" (anonymous) and so on; Instead, with the help of the description of the scenery, he continued to write a well-known sentence: "The old Wang Xietang died and flew into the homes of ordinary people." Unexpectedly, he suddenly turned his brush strokes to the swallows nesting over Wuyi Lane, which made people recognize where the swallows were flying. Now, ordinary people live in Wuyi Lane. In order to make readers clearly understand the poet's intention, the author points out that these swallows flying into people's homes used to be old swallows living on the eaves of Wang Xiequan's high hall. The word "old times" gives the swallow the identity of a historical witness. The word "ordinary" especially emphasizes how different the residents today are from the past. From this, we can clearly hear the author's infinite feelings about this change.
The design of Yan Fei's image seems easy, but it actually reflects the author's artistic originality and rich imagination. Jin Fuxian's Preface to Yan Fu said: "According to legend, Yan will will nest here this year and return next year. It will die, just cut its claws. The consequences are far-reaching. " Of course, in life, even a swallow with a very long life can't be an old swallow "in front of Wang Xietang" 400 years ago. However, the author captures the characteristics of swallows as migratory birds living in the old nest, which is enough to arouse readers' imagination, suggesting the prosperity of Wuyi Lane in the past and playing a prominent role in comparing the past with the present. Wuyi Lane focuses on the present situation of Wuyi Lane in artistic expression. Just a subtle hint of its past. The poet's feelings are hidden and hidden, which are contained in the description of the scenery. Therefore, although its scenery is ordinary and its language is simple, it has an implicit beauty that makes people memorable.
"Poetry" wildflowers are in full bloom at Suzaku Bridge, and the sun sets at the corner of Wuyi Lane, reflecting disappointment and desolation. The glory and glory of the past have long since ceased to exist. Swallows used to live in luxury houses such as Wangdao and Xie 'an, but now they fly to the homes of ordinary people.
Appreciation: the poet's deep affection for ups and downs. Suzaku Bridge and Wuyi Lane are still the same, just overgrown with weeds and the setting sun is slanting. The desolate scene implies the poet's sensitive experience of prosperity and decline. The last two sentences use the swallow nest to express the author's lament over the vicissitudes of the world, ups and downs, and the pen is particularly tortuous. This poem is the second in Liu Yuxi's famous epic Five Topics of Jinling.
Why is Wuyi Lane named?
Wuyi Lane, located in the south of Chi Pan of Confucius Temple, is the oldest street in Nanjing and the former residence of Wang Dao and Xie 'an, the prime ministers of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. It was very prominent in the Six Dynasties, and a poem "Wuyi Lane" by Liu Yuxi, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, made it spread through the ages. The origin of the name Wuyi Lane has also attracted people's attention.
There are myths and legends: Wang Xie, a native of Jinling, capsized during the voyage, drifted to Wuyi country, got married and had children, and then returned to his hometown, but he missed his relatives in Wuyi country very much, so he named the alley where he lived "Wuyi Lane". There is also a saying that Wang Dao and Xie An, two disciples, like to wear black clothes because of their romantic skirts, so later generations called this alley "Wuyi Lane".
In fact, the name Wuyi Lane originated when Sun Quan made Nanjing his capital. In 229 AD, Sun Quan made Nanjing his capital. At that time, the east bank of Qinhuai River was still a suburb, and troops were stationed to defend the capital. Because the soldiers are all dressed in black, this military camp is called "Wuyi Camp". At the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, the former site of Wuyiying was renamed Wuyiying. After Si Marui crossed the river to Jiankang, Wang and Xie established Wuyi Lane.
Liu Yuxi (772-842), a native of Shaoxing, Zhejiang, was descended from Xiongnu. In his later years, he served as a guest of honor for the Prince, and was known as "Liu Ke" in the world. Together with Li Bai, he participated in the short-term political reform during the Yongzheng period of the Tang Dynasty, and as a result, he was relegated to Yuan Jun County and survived tenaciously. When I returned to Luoyang in my later years, I still had the heroic spirit of "Ma Si changed grass and punched". His poems are refined and subtle, and they can often express a deep understanding of life or history in fresh language, so they are highly praised by Bai Juyi and known as "poets". When he was far away in Hunan and Sichuan, he came into contact with the lives of ethnic minorities and was influenced by some local folk songs. He wrote poems imitating folk songs, such as Picking Ling Xing, and left a folk picture of "Silver cymbals and gold hairpin carrying water, long knives and short hats burning her" to future generations. As for "sunrise in the east and rain in the west, the road is sunny", it is an authentic folk song flavor. When he co-wrote Ci of Spring with Bai Juyi, he noted that "this is a sentence written according to the tune of Nian Nujiao", which is the earliest record of lyrics written according to the tune in the history of China literature.
His family is a scholarly family handed down from generation to generation by Confucianism. Advocating political innovation is one of the core figures of the Wang school's political innovation activities.
Later, Yongzhen failed to innovate and was demoted to Langzhou Sima. Instead of indulging in self-indulgence, he wrote with a positive and optimistic spirit, actively learned from folk songs, and created poems imitating folk songs such as Picking Ling Xing.
Liu Yuxi was once sent back to Beijing by imperial edict, and was demoted as a secretariat of Lianzhou because of a poem "Peach trees were all planted in Guanli, Du Xuan after Liu Lang went". Later, he was appointed as Jiangzhou Secretariat, where he wrote a lot of Zhi Zhu Ci. Many famous sentences are widely read. In the summer of 824, he wrote the famous "Missing in the Old Times" in Xipaotai Mountain: "Since Wang Jun brought his towering ship down from Yizhou, the ghost of the royal family has languished in Nanjing. The long Zhang Qian chain sank to the bottom of the river, and a flag was lowered on the stone wall. How many sad past in life, the mountains still remain cold. Today, every sea is home, and ancient fortresses are full of ruins and autumn reeds. " This poem was greatly appreciated by later literary critics and regarded as a masterpiece of Tang poetry with endless meanings.
Later, after several transfers, Liu Yuxi was sent to Suzhou as a secretariat. At that time, Suzhou was flooded and there was hunger everywhere. After he came to power, he opened a warehouse to relieve hunger, exempted taxes and reduced labor, and soon brought the people out of the disaster and lived a life of peace and contentment. Suzhou people loved him and thanked him, so they called Wei and Bai Juyi, who had been the secretariat in Suzhou, "three sages" and established the hall of three sages. Tang Wenzong also praised his achievements and gave him a Zijin fish bag.
Liu Yuxi returned to Luoyang in his later years, making a guest appearance as a prince, adding school history, making friends and writing poems, and living a leisurely life. After his death, he was posthumously appointed Minister of the Interior.
There are more than 800 poems in existence. His poems study folk songs, reflect people's life and customs, have a wide range of themes, and draw lessons from the implicit, simple and beautiful characteristics of Bashu folk songs in style, which are fresh and natural, healthy and lively, and full of life interest. His satirical poems often use allegorical excuses to attack and suppress the innovative dignitaries in Yongzhen, which involves a wide range of social phenomena. In his later years, his style became more subtle, ironic and unobtrusive. There are more than 40 poems with the characteristics of folk songs. When Liu Yuxi was in Luoyang, he and Bai Juyi created the inscription "Recalling Jiangnan".
Liu Yuxi was buried in Xingyang, Henan (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou) after his death.
Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan
Han Yu's Epitaph of Liu Zihou records that in the 10th year of Yuanhe, Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan were recalled to Beijing. It was not put into use and was downgraded again. When Liu Zongyuan learned that he had been demoted to Liuzhou, but Liu Meng had gone far away to Bozhou, he couldn't help crying: "Bozhou is inhabited by non-people, but my dream is in the hall. I can't bear to dream of poverty, and I have nothing to say to adults. I can't help crying. " Therefore, Liu Zongyuan immediately "invited the DPRK, would worship the sparse, and would like to sow with Liu Yi. Although he was offended, he did not hate death." In case of a white dream, the dream will be changed to Lianzhou. "
I wonder how many people's friendship can reach this level, not necessarily brothers. Therefore, after Liu Zongyuan's oil came out and died in Liuzhou, Liu Yuxi spent his whole life sorting out Liu Zongyuan's legacy, and then tried his best to raise money for publication, so that it could come out and adopted a son of Liu Zongyuan. It can be said that without Liu Yuxi, there would be no publication of Liu Zongyuan's collected works. Jiang Xue, The Fisherman, The Snake Catcher, The Three Commandments, A Pair of Heaven, The Theory of Feudalism and other classic beautiful articles may also disappear into the ancient sky like meteors, which are unseen by the world and cannot be sung by modern people.
We can also know the profound friendship between Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi from their inscriptions, among which the scene when they broke up in Hengyang was the most bleak and touched the world. Liu Zongyuan wrote "A Farewell to Dreams" on the parting ship, filled with emotion: "Everything has been the same for twenty years, and now the road diverges from west to east. If the emperor agrees to return to the field, he should be a guest at the end of the year. " Liu Yuxi is also bitter in his heart, but he is only persuading and comforting Liu Zongyuan in return: "The weak crown shares the worries of the elderly, and Qi Lin's memory is long-lasting." If you add agriculture, you will leave your life, and Huang Fa will take a look at everything. "Later, when Liu Yuxi learned of the death of his friend Liu Zongyuan, he burst into tears.
What is true friendship? It is sincere trust, eternal selflessness, heartfelt understanding, frank and selfless dedication, just like Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan.