Poetry of Education tells the story of street children in reformatory schools, a group of ragtag people who never abide by discipline. Under the guidance of a new educational theory and method, they gradually turned into a United and struggling group and became new Soviets. The following are "educational poems" in my collection of teachers' notes. I hope you like it.
Educational Poems in Teachers' Notes 1 I recently read the most famous representative work of makarenko, a famous educator in the early Soviet Union. In his book, makarenko tells the story that a group of unruly rabble-street children in reformatory have been transformed into new social people under the guidance of a new educational theory and method. His writing is skillful and humorous, and his narration is full of passion. And because of the profound humanitarian spirit expressed in its creation, this book has far-reaching influence.
After reading this book, I have a new understanding of the words "respect", "normal" and "collective" in combination with my usual educational practice.
"Respect" means respecting students.
After the October Revolution, the Soviet state was to be established on the ruins of Russia, and it was in a state of great desolation. There are a number of street children and juvenile offenders, and educating and reforming them has become an important task of the new regime. How to cultivate them into members of socialist society with political consciousness, high sense of responsibility and honor, discipline and vitality? Makarenko thinks it is very important to love, respect and trust them. Because in makarenko's view, students are all good. They are "ordinary children" and "children who have not broken the law are just people who fully enjoy the right to a happy life like me". In the process of reforming these juvenile delinquents, he not only didn't dislike the students in the engineering group, but welcomed them and established a friendship of equality and trust with them from the beginning. At the same time, Makarenko tried his best not to let juvenile delinquents recall their painful past, and encouraged them to "forget the past and move on". When he found that students had made a little progress, he praised them actively to improve their self-confidence.
Makarenko's thought coincides with the educational theory of "taking students as the main body", "respecting students" and "affirming students' brilliance" that we are advocating now. In daily work, whether in classroom teaching or class management, we should also love and respect students, be good at finding positive factors from students, and sincerely infect students with positive educational methods to guide them forward. In short, as makarenko said, "People can be educated well. We should adopt a strict optimistic attitude towards people, explore their strength and beauty, and let them know their future and prospects clearly. "
"Normal education" is the exemplary role of teachers.
Teachers should set an example and devote themselves to shaping children's souls. Makarenko wrote in Chapter 27, Book I of Poems on Education: "We think it is not enough to' reform' a person. We should educate him in a new way, that is, we should not only educate him as a harmless or harmless member of society, but also educate him as an activist in a new era. " For this purpose, makarenko welcomes students who come to the engineering team to commit robbery and theft. When some students came to the engineering group, they were as dirty as hell, skinny and scabies. However, Gregory Yevna, an assistant doctor and nurse, always cares about them from life, takes pains to clean them up, and treats them like "mothers", showing the love of the engineering team teachers for the students. In order to educate students well, the teachers in the engineering group teach students according to their characteristics. In order to train students to be new people in the Soviet Union, teachers always set an example in labor and work with students in farmland and workshops. Teachers' leading by example is one of the reasons why the engineering team successfully reformed and trained street children.
The teachers in the engineering group completed the moral influence on students with their exemplary actions. Our current education and teaching activities are also inseparable from the exemplary role of teachers. From the normal school, we have been taught that "learning to be a teacher and be a teacher" is not only a slogan, but also a subconscious behavior that is integrated into the blood and engraved into the bone marrow. All teachers have idol status in the hearts of primary school students, and children will subconsciously imitate teachers, which is particularly prominent in our primary education stage. Having been a class teacher for nearly ten years, I found that he may not remember many things when you talk about them ten times, but if the students witness the teacher do it even once, he will be impressed and will imitate it intentionally. Classmates can always see the shadow of the class teacher in some behavioral consciousness. Therefore, we should make good use of this phenomenon and guide our students to success with our own words and deeds.
"Collective" allows students to educate themselves in the collective.
This book describes the process of establishing and training student groups in makarenko. Makarenko gradually organized children's groups by involving students in agricultural production and building houses. He believes that every student is a human being, and it is necessary to arouse the strength of their personality and cultivate their self-esteem. On this basis, students can be organized collectively. He pointed out that the first step in organizing children's collectives is to guide students to understand the relationship between individuals and collectives, and gradually form collective public opinion through reasoning education. He has detailed and accurate views on students' personality, temper, advantages and disadvantages. Divide the students into several companies, assign team leaders, and give full play to the students' enthusiasm and creative spirit. Everyone gradually develops the habit of loving collective life. Makarenko believes that the growth of students must have a good collective. Giving students a sense of belonging and discipline is the premise of education. In school education, the influence of teachers is very important, but the influence of teachers is also limited. The establishment of students' collective plays an irreplaceable role in teachers through the collective rules and regulations and the mutual influence of everyone. When students have a collective organization, they will get self-education in collective activities, which is called "parallel influence".
Our current school education is completed in the collective, and we must not ignore the education and influence of the collective on students. How to give full play to the collective role is a problem that every teacher has to face. Makarenko's theory reminds me of two points in class management. One is to select class cadres and train small assistants. As the saying goes, "geese fly high, geese fly high." The quality and ability of class cadres play an important role in the success or failure of class work. These "little leaders" student cadres, as peers, often play an irreplaceable role in the class. The second is to create a good class culture. Class culture is like "water" and students are like "fish"; In a democratic, equal and healthy class culture atmosphere, students will show a happy mood and enterprising spirit, which will promote their learning and growth.
Makarenko believes that education is as beautiful as poetry, especially the process of educating new people is more like poetry creation, full of hardships and exploration, and full of romance and legend. This educational poem is full of makarenko's wisdom and originality as a soul engineer. Every child is a precious life. They are independent in thought, spirit and personality. What we have to do is to accompany them and guide them to grow up healthily. In this process, we appreciate this beautiful "educational poem" with our heart.
Teacher's Notes "Educational Poetry" Chapter 2 "Walk Out of Yourself in a Down-to-earth Way!" This is my first feeling when I read educational poems.
Educational poetry is the masterpiece of makarenko, a famous educator in the former Soviet Union. With skillful and humorous writing and passionate narration, this book depicts the scene of makarenko getting along with a group of problem of juvenile, and expounds an educational concept: education is as beautiful as poetry, especially the process of educating new people is more like poetry creation, full of hardships, but also full of romantic legends. Because it is Ma's masterpiece, and because of his profound humanitarian spirit in the creative process, it was once popular in China. However, due to the limited printing and distribution in China, people's understanding of makarenko is mainly based on the story of "a slap changes a student's fate", but little is known about educational poems. Like many colleagues who have entered the threshold of the new century, I have never heard of educational poems at first, and I read them by accident.
That day, I sat in my office alone and sulked. If nothing else, it's because of a student named Xiao Min in the class. Is it necessary to be so angry with a boy who is only in the sixth grade? Others may not be, but it's hard not to be angry with him-bring cigarettes to the classroom for others to see; Dragging a few classmates to someone else's house to steal classes "the monk pushed the moon down the door"; Holding a knife, swaggering on the playground; After being criticized by the teacher, he disappeared immediately ... It is no exaggeration to say that you will be particularly surprised if he doesn't "commit crimes" for a day. From the doubts and good wishes when I first took over, to the well-meaning and persuasive now, it didn't work, and my heart cooled down bit by bit. To tell the truth, sadness is greater than heart death. I gradually have the idea of giving up this child. "I want to linger a few times, but I can't go." All this was seen by the careful wife. She quietly brought me a cup of coffee, and at the same time handed me an old school book she "scoured"-"Educational Poetry". She said that this is the most touching, authentic, detailed and effective monograph she has ever read. She also said that if I read it, I would gain something. At least, I won't be depressed anymore. Is it really that amazing? I don't believe it at all. But for well-known reasons, I read it. Just after reading it, I was shocked by the number of "Lei" and woke up.
Turning to the first page of educational poems, I was immediately attracted by such an exception-usually I think a good book should be more interesting when you read it. "The problem is not the house, it is important to cultivate new people. But you educators have no energy for anything, such as houses and tables. You don't have that enthusiasm, that revolutionary enthusiasm. " Who is this about? I have a vague feeling that he seems to say that I have a book. On weekdays, I like to find fault with the weak teaching environment and facilities in the school. When my mouth was foaming at the mouth, I almost forgot one of the most important things-school education is not more than high-rise buildings, not more than money, but more than the moral character, knowledge level and ability of the children you educated. But what about me? I blame the school environment for not finding the right education for Xiao Min. I felt that my salary was not high and my ability was not affirmed, so I didn't teach him well, which led to laziness. I am unwilling to do it, not impossible. In fact, I lost the passion, patience and perseverance to maintain it. In other words, I don't have this ability, but I just refuse to admit it honestly. What is even more frightening is that I have lost the impulse to keep learning and demand progress, and I am lying on the self-righteous credit book without knowing it.
I broke out in a cold sweat. I opened my eyes and continued reading. Suddenly, I saw a monologue quoted by makarenko by the editor of Educational Poetry: "When I think of pedagogy, I can't help feeling disgusted and resentful: it has existed for thousands of years, how many celebrities, how many brilliant ideas ... how many books, how many papers and how many honors! At the same time, it is blank, and even a rogue can't handle it ... ". It can be seen that in the face of so many youth problems, Marca deeply felt the pallor and lack of previous educational theories. Therefore, he is determined to create a unique educational theory and put it into practice to save these teenagers. He said so and did the same. "Educational Poetry" also truly records the whole process of his establishment of Gorky reformatory. Reading, I can't help but think of Xiao Min again, and think of my helplessness and helplessness in educating this special child. In retrospect, in the process of conversation, communication, rewards and punishments, I repeatedly applied the excellent educational theories, methods and experiences I know from beginning to end, firmly believing that this is a successful case that has been practiced and tested by predecessors for countless times, which is true and credible. But I don't understand this fact-why can't I go to Xiao Min? I learn from others to keep my class fees for him, thinking that trust can save my self-esteem. However, the money is still missing. I learned from others to make him a class cadre, but I never saw his desire to manage the class well. There are many such examples. I got it. I only learned other people's tricks, but I should learn the spirit behind others' actions. I will try my best to go my own way and realize the re-creation of education in a way full of wisdom, style and personality. After all, there are no two identical roads and no two identical children.
Of course, apart from the lively and clear rhythm and beautiful and elegant words like poems, educational poems attract me more by a few short stories, among which "every flea has its use" is the most. Without too much introduction, readers can probably easily guess the artistic conception and thoughts expressed by the author as long as they look at this title. In the most fashionable words, isn't this a metaphor of "for all children, for all children, for all children"? Believe that children's potential is not unlimited? However, if someone can understand it easily, it is easier said than done. Isn't it? At least, I found myself treating the boys in my class as fleas, small and annoying, boring and boring, and naturally unlovable. But I didn't really think about their use, or I didn't really find the right channel, place and time to make them work. I just sketched a beautiful vision for granted-to make fleas no longer fleas. Always do it, never discuss it. Slowly, help began to become mandatory. Then it naturally became indulgence and abandonment. But makarenko, no! The education poem wrote: "This ragged child really doesn't look like an intellectual family, but he is full of energy, so I thought to myself: Forget it, every flea has its use." The next day, is their interdependence, * * * and progress, although hard but happy experience. And I clearly know this "truth"-I have written it many times in articles, talked about it many times in lectures and emphasized it many times in interviews, but why didn't I really do it? Now I think it's because my so-called belief is just a "false belief", that is, I don't believe it in my bones and I can't practice it in practice. Without corresponding actions, of course, there will be no ideal result. At that moment, I began to agree with the statement that education, needless to say, should be as practical as makarenko.
Today, I am still reading educational poems, and I have never stopped. Now, I have renewed my determination to cultivate Xiao Min, and I dare not stop. Perhaps, in the future, I will really try to walk out of a solid road with my own characteristics and write an educational poem. Finally, I sincerely recommend such a classic book-Educational Poetry to my friends.
Teacher's Notes Chapter 3 I read the book Poetry of Education written by makarenko, an educator in the former Soviet Union. This book systematically expounds how to educate underachievers and how to successfully educate them. Especially when makarenko took over the curia Day reformatory, which everyone avoided, I was moved by his mind and passion for children.
At that time, Gorky reformatory was an orderly group with harmonious teachers and students. The main members of this group came from some street children, even problem of juvenile, who was guilty of theft and fighting. Dean makarenko led the teachers to treat them with equality, tolerance and enthusiasm, and made the children realize the power of labor and the importance of learning knowledge, which made the children have undergone earth-shaking changes. Even Gorky praised: "Who can transform these hundreds of children who are so cruelly insulted by life and make them unrecognizable?" It is the organizer and dean of the reformatory. "Later, as needed, they had to take over the Asian-Japanese reformatory. But when makarenko came to curia-Japanese reformatory and saw the children in need, his conscience told him that he should come. He set foot on this land with the children of the former reformatory school without any timidity or retreat. The collective power has changed all this: the filth on the ground has disappeared, replaced by clean ground and bright flowers; Boys are less naughty and fighting, and more love labor; There were fewer people at dinner, so they ran to the dormitory without grabbing the meal. They have tableware and sit in the canteen regularly. Especially girls are no longer afraid of being bullied by boys. A sense of security gives them confidence and happiness in life. All the neatly dressed children appeared in front of everyone, and it was no longer that they didn't take a shower for days and smelled bad. Myths have really appeared here, and the original bad habits such as heroism and thief jargon have long been forgotten.
As a colleague, I feel guilty reading this. For the sake of children, have we ever been colleagues and loved for a lifetime? Even so many street children, even students who have slipped, can turn them into promising young people. Many examples in our usual teaching work are worthy of our deep thinking. Makarenko can put such a difficult child. Isn't this also a heartfelt obsession with education? He wants these special children to enjoy the sunshine and the beauty of society! And the students I face are hundreds and thousands of times stronger than the children in the reformatory. We should have confidence to make our children feel happy and happy because of our education!
The fourth chapter of Teachers' Notes "Educational Poetry" describes some real things that happened when makarenko founded Gorky Children's Rehabilitation Institute from 1920 to 1928. After some literary revisions, the content is neither educational works nor teaching notes, and it is called educational poetry, which is really worthy of the name. Makarenko was born in 1888 and died in 1939. 5 1 year. 1920 makarenko received a notice from the director of the provincial education commission, asking him to organize a children's reformatory similar to a shelter in China. The conditions are very difficult. However, in order to pursue higher education and realize his dream, makarenko happily accepted this task. Began his career in educational poetry. He gave his newly established reformatory a nice name: Gorky reformatory. It is also the admiration and admiration for Gorky, a famous writer at that time.
At the beginning of the establishment of Gorky Correctional Institution, there were eight children and teenagers robbers and perennial vagrants in the school. They have no idea what education is and what human nature is. In my mind, I only have to be lazy and muddle along. At that time, the popular belief in social education was to cultivate real Soviets, be kind to children, be persuasive based on students' nature, and not to infiltrate all the evils of capitalism in education. Under this historical background, it is actually impossible to completely change some bad behaviors of criminal children. Makarenko also started his education with the idea of educator. However, after a period of practical contact, he found: "I slipped off the rope of pedagogy." He even started using violence. Under his brutal violence, those urchins actually began to take part in labor and listen to advice.
Makarenko said that a person's internal parts are not so perfect, and even have some defects, which need the help of outsiders to replace or polish them again. This is also the real connotation of education. In Gorky reformatory, he devoted himself to such thoughts and actions. Of course, it has been strongly criticized by sociologists and educators.
Although his Gorky Children's Education Institute gradually flourished, the students began to form a real collective, and everyone was United, working at sunrise and resting at sunset. However, in this group, the methods to deal with children who violate the rules and regulations, such as punishing them for thinking too much and not eating, have met with strong opposition. Even today, almost a century later, as an educator, when I meet such juvenile delinquents and vagrants, I feel that punishing education is a very favorable measure and an indispensable way to change their lives and thoughts.
From 1920 to 1928, makarenko devoted all his efforts to the work of Gorky reformatory. The nobility of teachers' thoughts at that time was unimaginable. Take school as home, eat and live with students. A complete picture of the life of a producer, an ascetic monk. However, their spirit of taking pleasure in suffering infects students and assimilates them. This is also one of the main pillars of the unity of Gorky Correctional Institution.
Despite a lot of efforts, makarenko's thoughts went through purgatory for the healthy growth of the collective, and the progress of students was recognized by the society, but his educational methods were strongly criticized by educators from beginning to end. Finally, he couldn't hold on. Eight years later, on 1928, the day after Gorky personally inspected the reformatory named after him, makarenko submitted his resignation to the Education Committee, left Gorky reformatory painfully and began his new education career.
The thick 725-page educational poems bear makarenko's hard pursuit and dedication without regrets. Born in makarenko at that time, it was not only his luck, but also his collectivism thought shining with pride. This is also his misfortune. Due to historical reasons, he is inevitably biased in dealing with some student problems, but he is still self-righteous. Because I can't find a better way to deal with it, I am stuck in the theoretical mud.
After reading this book, I feel much closer to history. I shared a book, and the things in Gorky reformatory are still vivid. It seems that makarenko told me a story. Really benefited a lot.
It's just that the names of the Soviet Union are complicated and often connected in series. After reading the book, although the story is vivid, I really can't remember a few names. I don't even remember makarenko's own name. I'm really ashamed.
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brief introduction
Makarenko was working in Gorky Children's Labor Camp and dzerzhinsky Commune when he wrote Educational Poetry. According to his personal experience of contacting street children, he analyzed and studied the different psychological emotions and life marks of all kinds of criminal children. After long-term educational practice and arduous and complicated creative process, he created with poetic passion, which is a beautiful and moving record of educational work. It consists of memoirs, essays, features, diaries, political essays, novellas and other different literary genres. The author has created a series of vivid artistic images with vivid and humorous language, which has strong artistic appeal. Poems of Education vividly embodies makarenko's new education view and truly reflects his creative education plan. He broke through the framework of traditional educational theory and wrote a brand-new page for the history of education in the former Soviet Union. Gorky spoke highly of makarenko's educational work. 1928, Gorky wrote in the article "A Journey to the Soviet Union" after visiting the children's reformatory: "Who can transform these hundreds of children who have been so cruelly insulted by life and make them unrecognizable? Anton Semyonovich Makarenko, organizer and director of the reformatory ".
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