Liu E (è) (October 18, 1857 - August 23, 1909) was a novelist in the late Qing Dynasty. His musical score is famous far and wide. His original name was Meng Peng, with the subtitles Yun Tuan and Sheng Xing. Later, it was renamed E, with the courtesy name Tieyun (Liu Tieyun [1]), also the alias of Shengjing, and the nickname Laocan. Signed "Hongdu Bailiansheng". Han nationality, a native of Jiangsu Province (now Zhenjiang City), and a native of Shanyang (now Huai'an District, Jiangsu Province). Since Liu E worshiped Li Guangxin (Longchuan) of the Southern School of Taigu School in his youth, he has advocated the Taigu School throughout his life, which takes "education" as the outline, develops economic production, educates after getting rich, and nourishes the people. He engaged in business and invested in education all his life in order to realize the Taigu School's goal of "educating the world." The reason why he was able to persevere despite repeated defeats was that the ideas of the Taigu School could be said to be his spiritual pillar. Liu E's biographical information
Origin and education
Liu E was born in a bureaucratic family, but he did not like writing in the examination room. He inherited his family education and devoted himself to practical knowledge such as mathematics, medicine, water conservancy, music, and arithmetic. He also surveyed hundreds of schools and liked to collect calligraphy, painting, inscriptions, inscriptions, and inscriptions, oracle bones. His book "Tie Yun Hidden Turtle" was the first to make oracle bone inscriptions public to the world. Two of the "Four Oracle Bone Halls" (Luo Zhenyu's Xuetang and Wang Guowei's Guantang) were directly or indirectly influenced by Liu E's works. Influence. Books such as "Tie Yun Hidden Turtle" published by Liu E, which studies three generations of writing, are his masterpieces of rubbings and systematic research on ancient writing and its evolution.
Biography
In his early years, he failed in the examination and turned to medicine and business. From the fourteenth year of Guangxu (1888) to the twenty-first year of Guangxu's reign, he successively joined the shogunate of Wu Dacheng, the governor of Henan, and Zhang Yao, the governor of Shandong, where he assisted in the Yellow River control project. He made remarkable achievements and was recommended to the Prime Minister's Government Affairs Office for appointment as the prefect. In the 23rd year of Guangxu's reign (1897), he was hired by the Foreign Shangfu Company to serve as the manager of Shanxi Mineral Resources. Later, he participated in the drafting of the articles of association of the Yufeng Company of the Henan Mining Authority, and planned the mining of the Maha Gold Mine in Sichuan and the Sifu Coal and Iron Mine in Quyanwenchu, Zhejiang for the Fu Company, becoming a comprador and broker for foreign businessmen. In the 26th year of the Boxer Rebellion (1900), the Eight-Power Allied Forces invaded Beijing. Liu E purchased too much grain from the Allied Forces and set up a Pingding Bureau to relieve Beijing's famine. In the thirty-fourth year (1908), the Qing government exiled him to Xinjiang for the crime of "privately selling warehouse grain". He died in Urumqi the following year.
Social relations
Even though he was "slandered all over the world", Liu E still had a great influence at the time. Politically, he relied on the "year friendship" relationship between his father Liu Chengzhong, Wang Wenshao, and Li Hongzao, and his colleagues' relationship with Li Hongzhang and Zhang Yao, as well as his relationship with Li Hongzhang's sons Li Jingfang (Ji Gao), Li Jingmai (Shaomu), Wang Wenshao's son Wang Zhikui, The relationship between Uncle Wang Jun and others was through the channels of Xiao Wang Shanqi and Qing Wang Yixu, and they were inextricably linked with the officials who were known as Qingliu at that time, such as Duan Fang, Xu Qi, Zhao Ziheng, Pu Tong of the clan, and reformists such as Liang Qichao. He was also extremely active in social activities. In addition to his classmates from the Taigu School, he was also close friends with Song Bolu, Wang Kangnian, Fang Yaoyu, Shen Xin, Di Chuqing, Da Dao Wang Wu and others. He successively participated in the Eastern Literature Society, the Agricultural Society, and the Baoguo Association. , Relief Society and other social organizations. Externally, due to the company's relationship, it has close relations with British and Italian businessmen. At the same time, he also had contacts with the Japanese Minister in China. In the north, he owns the Tianjin "RiRi News" newspaper, and in the south, he has close ties with many newspapers in Shanghai, which is enough to influence some public opinions. With such a complicated background at home and abroad, although Liu E only had the title of alternate prefect, he had a certain degree of social influence, so he was tabooed by others and was falsely accused of being exiled.
Achievements in river management
Liu E’s father, Liu Chengzhong, was good at river engineering and arithmetic, and was keen on emerging Western science and technology. Liu E inherited his family knowledge and combined it with his practical experience in regulating the Yellow River in Henan, Shandong and other places in 1888. He wrote "Five Theory of River Management", "Comprehensive Map of the Yellow River in Three Provinces", "Illustrated Research on the Changes of the Yellow River in Past Dynasties", " "He Gong Submission". Among them, "Five Theory of River Governance", "Comprehensive Map of the Yellow River in Three Provinces" and "Illustrated Research on the Changes of the Yellow River in Past Dynasties", plus the arithmetic works "Three Techniques of Arc Angle" and "Pythagorean Grass" were published before Liu E's lifetime. . These five works made Liu E's river management achievements initially recognized by the rulers, and because of his "academic origins and knowledge of foreign affairs", he was recommended to the Prime Minister's National Affairs Office for testing, "for use by the prefect."
Hobbies and good at
Liu E, who studied medicine in his early years, once hung a pot to help people in Yangzhou, and wrote "Essentials for Differentiating Febrile Diseases" and "Essential Medicines Divided into Dosages for Correction". The doctor Lao Can in "Lao Can's Travels" who walks around ringing a string bell is his own portrayal.
Liu E was proficient in music and was a descendant of the Guangling Qin School. He once published the "Eleven Strings Pavilion Piano Score" for his luthier Mr. Zhang Ruishan, and also engraved the "Handwritten Piano Score of Bao Can Shou Que Zhai" (the existing Can can manuscript), and likes to collect guqin. The Tang Qin "Jiuxiao Huanpei" in his collection has Huang Tingjian's inscription on the surface. It was later included in the collection of the Palace Museum among the four famous modern Qins. In addition to being busy with his business, Liu E was also keen on collecting antiquities and inscriptions and studying the writings of three generations. His "Inscriptions on the Stele Collection of Baocan Shoquezhai", "The First-class Inscriptions on the Stele Collection of Baocan Shoquezhai" (broken pages), "The Catalog of Calligraphy and Paintings on the Inscriptions of Baocan Shoquezhai", and the "Inscriptions on the Inscriptions on the Collection of Baocan Shoquezhai" compiled by Bao Ding, are not part of his collection. All of them show the breadth and depth of his collection.
He met Luo Zhenyu in Huai'an in his early years, made Luo his teacher, and later became his son and daughter.
Luo Zhenyu and Naito Hunan, the Japanese scholar who was the first to come into contact with oracle bone writing, came into contact with the Yin Ruins oracle bones and came across Liu E's collection. Wang Guowei, who was greatly influenced by Luo Zhenyu and later married Luo, had a deep friendship with Liu Dashen, Liu E's fourth son, and accompanied Luo Zhenyu on his study tours in Japan. Therefore, it can be said that two of the "Four Oracle Bone Halls" were directly or indirectly influenced by Liu E. And Liu E published "Tie Yun Zang Huo" and "Tie Yun Zang Huo", which studied the writings of three generations. "Tie Yun Zang Seal" and "Tie Yun Zang Pottery" are masterpieces of his rubbings and systematic study of ancient characters and their evolution.
Conceptual Propositions
Liu E was born in 1999. On the eve of the complete demise of the feudal dynasty, on the one hand, he opposed the revolution, and at the same time he felt uneasy and indignant about the failed political situation in the late Qing Dynasty. He believed that "the country's serious disease at that time was the lack of support for the people." Countries regard exploitation as a motto, and the imperial court regards exploitation as a way of serving the people. When the people are in distress, their minds will be in chaos" (Letter to Huang Baonian). He demanded clarification of official governance and opposed "tyranny that disturbs the people" in order to ease class conflicts. With the influx of Western civilization, he prescribed "supporting the weak and revitalizing the weak" His prescription is to borrow foreign capital to build industries, build roads and open mines, so that the people can escape poverty and the country will gradually become prosperous and powerful. In his letter to Luo Zhenyu, he said: "The mining industry in Jin can support the people, and the country can also become rich. If the country has no savings, it is better to let the Europeans develop it. I will strictly regulate the system and make the entire mine road belong to me in thirty years. If this is the case, his benefit is for a moment, but my benefit is for a hundred generations. "However, as the imperialists stepped up their aggression against China and carried out wanton economic plunder, Liu E was too accommodating to foreign businessmen, and the systems he established were often detrimental to national sovereignty and people's interests. Therefore, "relegated to secular society, the purpose is to "Traitor". Other works include more than 4,700 words of "Outer Edition", written after the 31st year of Guangxu. In addition to "Travel Notes of Lao Can", Liu E also authored the celestial works "Pythagorean Yuancao" and "The Art of Solitary Triangle" , the river management works "Illustrated Research on the Changes of the Yellow River in the Past Dynasties", "Seven Essays on River Governance", "The Continuation of River Governance", the medical works "The Collection of Human Life and Peace" (unfinished) and the epigraphic works "Iron Cloud Hidden Pottery", "Iron Cloud" Mud Seal", "Tie Yun Hidden Turtle", "Tie Yun Hidden Turtle" is the first collection of oracle bone inscriptions, which laid the foundation for the later poetry creation "Tie Yun Shi Cun". In 1980, Qilu Publishing House published "Tie Yun Shi Cun". "Shi Cun", whose poems are fresh, elegant and profound, reflect some of his whereabouts and thoughts and feelings. The four major condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty considered by Lu Xun are the collective name of the four condemnation novels of the late Qing Dynasty in China, namely Li Baojia (Li Boyuan). "The Appearance of Officialdom", "The Strange Current Situation Witnessed in Twenty Years" by Wu Woyao (Wu Jianren), "Lao Can's Travels" by Liu E, and "Nie Haihua" by Zeng Pu.