Kipak Wei
Wei is a small country named Ji, which was enfeoffed in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, so its address is in today's Ruicheng, Shanxi. In order to distinguish the Warring States Wei, it is generally called the ancient Wei State. In 6665438 AD (66 BC1year), Lucheng was destroyed by Jin Xiangong, and his land was distributed to Bi Wan, the minister of the Jin Dynasty. During the Warring States period, the ruler of Wei was the descendant of Bi Wan. Feng Wei is a folk song collected from the ancient state of Wei. There are 7 articles in Feng Wei * * *, namely: Gexu, Fenju Xunxun, Yuantao, Hunzhong, Ten Mu, Cutting Tan and Storytelling.
Ancient Wei was adjacent to Jin in the north. At the beginning of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Qin expanded eastward, occupying the hometown of Ji Wang in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Wei was bordered by the State of Qin. So it was often invaded by Jin and Qin. In this case, the rulers of Wei not only want to expand their armaments, but also refuse to control their luxurious life, so the economic exploitation and military service burden of the domestic people are very heavy. Feng Wei mostly reflects the people's voice against exploitation and military service. In addition, you can also hear the sighs of some people of insight when they are worried about the country and the people.
Gejian
original text
Fixed (1) Ge Jian (2), can he perform frost? Mixed (3) female hands, can you sew clothes? If you want (4) and (5), the good guy will take it.
A good man is a monkey [6], now the left monarch, admire his image. The dimension is the heart (8), not the thorn.
To annotate ...
(1) correction: interleaving.
(2) Ge Jian: shoes made of Ge rope worn in summer.
(3) Doping (xiān): the same as "slimming", describing women's weak and slender hands.
(4) Yao (yāo): tie, here refers to sewing a tie.
(5) clothing (jí): collar, as a verb, sewing collar.
(6) Rhinopithecus: a peaceful and beautiful appearance.
(7) tì: ancient jewelry, similar to hairpins.
(8) bi m: n: narrow-minded.
translate
In summer, sandals are wrapped with silk ropes. How can you walk on the frosty ground? Poor skinny hand, how can you sew clothes for others? Sew the belt and collar and wait for the hostess to try it on.
The hostess tried it comfortably, but turned left and ignored me. Instead, she wore an ivory hairpin. Women are narrow-minded and stabbed by poetry.
analyse
This poem describes the gap between rich and poor reflected by a slave sewing clothes for her master's family. The sewing worker was dissatisfied with the insult of the hostess, so she pretended to be sarcastic in this poem. Through the comparative description of the clothes and behaviors of sewing slaves and mistresses, the gap between one master and one servant and one poor and one rich is highlighted.
The whole poem consists of two chapters. The first chapter focuses on the poverty of the sewing girl, who is hungry and cold, slender and thin, but still has to sew clothes for the hostess; The latter chapter focuses on the arrogant attitude of the hostess. I put on the new clothes made by the sewing girl, and without even looking at her, I pretended to pick up the hair clasp and dressed myself up. The vivid description of these details reveals the dissatisfaction and satire of sewing slaves to the hostess, which makes readers feel sympathy for sewing slaves and angry with the hostess.
Separate gathering training
original text
He is in a daze (1), and his handwriting is the best. The beauty of his son is endless. Beautiful, unusual (2).
On the other hand, it is said to be mulberry. His son is as beautiful as the English. Beautiful as English, transcendent and refined (3).
A song of Pifen (4) uses its word (5). His son is as beautiful as a fairy. Beauty is like jade, which is unusual.
To annotate ...
(1) Gathering training (jù rù): a low humidity place near water.
(2) Highway: official name. In charge of the vassal's road car.
(3) Public travel: the hereditary family in charge of personnel carriers.
(4) A song: The place where the river bends.
(5) Crab (xê): a medicinal plant, namely Alisma orientalis, a perennial marsh herb, and underground bulbs, which can be used as vegetables.
translate
I'm not happy to come here in that low-lying wetland. Look at my sweetheart, handsome and beautiful. Shuai Shuai, the road is very different from him.
Fenshui River, come here to pick mulberry hearts. Look at my sweetheart, handsome as a flower. No matter how handsome the flowers are, they are not worthy of a business trip.
In Fenshui River bend, come here for fun. Look at my sweetheart, as beautiful as jade. Handsome as jade, men can't compare with him.
analyse
This is a poem in which a woman expresses her love for the man she wants. Although the status of the "son of Peter" in the poem is not as good as that of the so-called princes and nobles such as highways, public lines and public clans, in the eyes of women, he is handsome, talented and superior in virtue, far exceeding those prominent and ignorant playboys.
The text structure of this poem is a typical artistic form of repeating sentences and chapters. The three chapters have not changed much, but the poems are progressive. From "beautiful" to "beautiful as Britain" and then to "beautiful as jade", from the outside to the inside, it shows that women's love for men is gradually deepening, and at the same time, it is set off by "highway", "public line" and "public race", which highlights the beautiful image of "the son of the other"
The trees in the garden are covered with peaches.
original text
The peach in the garden is actually a dish (1). My heart is worried, and my song (2) is a rumor. Those who don't know me are also arrogant.
That man is real. What is Confucius? I have endless sadness, people in the world, who can you know! Who knows, Gai doesn't think so either!
There are thorns in the garden, which are actually food. But now I am full of sadness and wandering around the vast fields. Those who don't know me are called scholars (7).
These understandings are correct, but please tell me what to do. I have endless sadness, people in the world, who can you know! Who can really understand my heart? I'd better not break my heart in vain!
To annotate ...
(1) dishes; Food.
② Song: refers to singing.
(3) Scholar: an ancient name for an official.
(4) Others: people in the imperial court.
(5) Cover: Why not?
(6) Spine: Ziziphus jujuba.
(7) Wang: No.
translate
If you plant peach trees in the countryside, you can eat enough by picking them. If you are sad, you will feel bored. Sing children's songs for a while and forget your troubles.
People who don't understand me say that I am an arrogant person. There is nothing wrong with that man's behavior, but you are sad. Why?
Psychological sadness will be boring, and who can know? Who knows? Why not let go and not think about it.
Planting jujube trees in the garden can make you satisfied. If I have hatred and annoyance in my heart, I will go to the city for a while and forget it.
People who don't understand me say that I have no law and discipline. There is nothing wrong with that man's behavior, but you are sad. Why?
Who knows when you are sad and bored? Who knows? Why not let go and not think about it.
analyse
This is a sad song to express the literati's incompetence in troubled times. It is the common mentality and practice of ancient literati to express their integrity and dignity and express their grievances and frustrations because they are not understood. This poem truly reflects the life and thoughts of the scholar-officials of Wei at that time.
The first two chapters of this poem begin with peach trees and jujube trees in the garden. The poet thinks their fruits can still be eaten, but he is a useless scholar and can't contribute his talents, so he is indignant. So he can only use poetry to dispel his sadness. What is sadness? Then he said that no one could understand his concern for the country and the people, but he was accused of arrogance. Therefore, the poet can only laugh at himself in the end, saying that since no one can understand himself, it is better not to think about it.
China Smilax China
original text
I (1) look forward to Dad (2). Father said: Oh! Give the child a service, and there will be no night. On (3) Deep House (4) Yes, it's still coming! Endless!
I look forward to my mother. Mom said: Oh! In season (6), I didn't sleep at night. Tang Shenzai, still come! Don't abandon!
I look forward to meeting my brother. Brother said: hey! After serving my brother, we will be together at night. Tang Shenzai, still come! No death!
To annotate ...
(1) Lu: boarded.
(2) There is vegetation on the mountain.
(3) on: preach "Shang" and hope.
(4) Zhu (zhān): First, as a language aid.
(5) qǐ: A hill without vegetation.
(6) season: the youngest son.
translate
Climbing the lush hills, I looked at my father from a distance. My father seems to be saying to me, "My son, you are really nervous because you are busy serving." Pay attention to your health and don't go far when you come back. "
Climb up the barren hill and look at my mother from a distance. My mother seems to say to me, "My little boy, you are busy serving and have a rest day and night." Take care of your health and don't forget your mother when you come back. "
Climb up the hill and look at my brother from a distance. My brother seems to be saying to me, "Brother, you are busy serving, day and night are the same." Take care of yourself. Come back and don't die. "
analyse
This is a work that reminds people of their loved ones and expresses the feelings of their son who is serving his parents and brothers. The poem "Dragon" was once praised as "the ancestor of the poetry of eternal migration", which created a unique lyrical mode of China's ancient homesick poems. The beauty and uniqueness of poetry lies in imagining the hearts of relatives across the street when they miss their distant relatives. How much hope, how much hope, how much love, and how much miss are all included in the exhortation of relatives to miss themselves. It's really that the pen gets better with the music and the feeling gets deeper with the wind. A thousand years later, what we read is still enough for travelers to look at the white clouds and think of their loved ones.
Between ten acres
original text
Between ten acres, mulberries are idle, and (1) children are still happy.
Ten acres away, mulberries are leaking (2), and rows and sons are dying (3).
To annotate ...
(1) Line: Yes.
(2) discharge (y): relaxed and pleasant.
(3) death: go.
translate
Ten acres of fields are mulberry fields. The mulberry pickers are really carefree. Let's go home together.
Outside the ten mu field is a mulberry forest, and the mulberry pickers are smiling. Go and join hands with you.
analyse
This is a song that women sing when picking mulberry. As the sun sets, the mulberry-picking women who have been busy all day call on their friends to go home together, and laughter and laughter spread all over the mulberry garden. This poem outlines the fresh and quiet pastoral scenery and expresses the relaxed and happy working mood of mulberry pickers.
The whole poem is six sentences, and the text is repeated. The modal particle "Xi" is used at the end of each sentence, which is convenient for singing and expressing happy mood. This kind of happiness is not only because of the end of a day's work, but also because of the satisfaction and pride of a day's work. The verse of this poem is perfectly unified with the context, intonation and artistic conception of the poem.
Cut sandalwood
original text
Kan Kan Dalbergia (1) is a dry river. The river is clear and blue. No harvest (2), no harvest (3)? No hunting, is there a county (4) in Huzhaner Pavilion? He is a gentleman, and he is not a vegetarian (5)!
Kan Kan is spreading and spreading, and it is placed by the river. The river is clear and straight. No crops, no crops, no crops, no crops, no crops. No hunting, no hunting, there is a special county in Huzhanerting (6)? He is a gentleman, and he is not a vegetarian!
Kan Kan cut off the wheel and the river was set (7). The river is clear and steep. No harvest, no harvest, no harvest (8)? No hunting, no hunting. Is there a county quail in Huzhanerting? He is a gentleman, but he is extraordinary!
To annotate ...
(1) Dalbergia: A hard tree that can be used to make cars.
(2) 30: Harvest.
(3) chán: tying, that is, bundling.
(4) huān: the name of the animal.
(5) Vegetarian: Eat plain rice and get something for nothing.
(6) Special: Three-year-old beast.
(7) Chun: water edge.
(8) beam (qūn): beam. Speaking of round barns.
translate
The sound of cutting sandalwood trees piled up along the river one after another. The river is clear and full of water. Why did you move 300 packs of grain home without sowing or harvesting? If we don't hunt in winter and at night, why are pigs and badgers hanging in the yard? Those gentlemen won't be idle for nothing!
Cut sandalwood trees to make spokes and pile them up by the river. The river is clear and straight. If you don't sow, you won't reap. Why should one person take 300 bundles of grain? If you don't hunt in winter or at night, why do the animals in the yard hang up? Those gentlemen won't eat for nothing!
Cut down sandalwood trees to make wheels and tear down villages by the river. The river is clear and wavy. If you don't sow, you won't reap. Why should you keep 300 bundles of grain? If you don't hunt in winter and at night, why are quails hanging in the yard? Those gentlemen didn't eat red meat for free!
analyse
This is a song sung by a lumberjack while working. It profoundly reflects the workers' dissatisfaction and hatred towards the feudal exploiters, and satirizes the exploiters' greed and inaction. Workers work hard to cut down trees to make cars, and live a life without food and clothing, while exploiters don't know the hard work of farming and hunting. They drink all day for nothing. How can workers not be disgusted?
These three chapters are repetitive, which can not only express the resistance of loggers more effectively, but also play a supplementary role in content. For example, the change of prey names in each chapter shows that exploiters take their prey, whether it is wild animals or birds, big or small, as their own, showing their greedy nature. The whole poem is straightforward, and the narrative is full of anger and emotion, without any modification, which adds a lot of realism.
Shuoshu
original text
Shuoshu (1) Shuoshu, don't (2) eat my millet! I am willing to take care of the three-year-old Guan (3) daughter.
If you die, you will go to your daughter (4). Promised land, therefore (5) my place.
Vole, vole, don't eat my wheat! I have served you hard for many years, but you are not kind to me.
Swear to get rid of you and enjoy the state. Guo Le Guo Le, so I'm straight (6).
Rat, vole, don't eat my seedlings! After years of hard work, you don't want me!
I vowed to get rid of you and go to the suburbs to laugh. That happy suburb, that happy suburb, who is still lamenting the long cry!
To annotate ...
(1) Shuoshu: Big mouse. When it comes to voles
(2) None: No, don't.
(3) Infiltration: serving.
(4) Go to the woman: leave you. Go, leave; Female, take "you".
(5) yuán: I see.
(6) straight: pass the "job" and residence.
translate
Vole, vole, don't eat my millet! After all these years of hard work, you don't take care of me.
Vowed to leave you and go to that happy land. That promised land, that promised land, is my good place!
Vole, vole, don't eat my wheat! After all these years of hard work, you don't give me preferential treatment.
Vowed to leave you and go to a country of love and joy. That music country, that music country, is my good place!
Vole, vole, don't steal my seedlings! After all these years of hard work, you won't comfort me!
Vowed to get rid of you and go to the laughing suburbs. That music suburb, that music suburb, who will lament that long call sign!
analyse
This is a famous book of songs, a poem in which the working people accuse the rulers of cruel exploitation. Poetry compares the ruler to an insatiable mouse, vividly and aptly reveals its essence, reveals its cruel exploitation essence and expresses the poet's strong indignation.
This poem uses pure metaphor to describe people. Rats are ugly and cunning, and they like to steal food. It is very appropriate to borrow it to compare with greedy exploiters. Poets shouted out their hearts with thunderous power in their poems-looking for a paradise on earth where they can live and work in peace and contentment without exploitation! Although this may be an illusion in reality, it truly reflects the yearning of working people for a better life and marks their new awakening.