What are the description methods of poetry?

Scenery writing is one of the common contents in ancient poetry, so to appreciate poetry, besides understanding the literal meaning and improving ideological quality and aesthetic emotion, we must also pay attention to the form, skills and functions of the poet's scenery writing in language. To appreciate the description in ancient poetry, we should first understand the common appreciation angles, mainly multi-angle descriptions-the rendering of light and shadow colors in the front description and the setting off in the side description, the combination of motion and static, the combination of point and surface, the combination of reality and reality, and the change of observation angles from far to near. Various technologies may be used interchangeably, such as dynamic comparison and static comparison. (1) Various figures of speech in ancient poetry, metonymy and synaesthesia are common figures of speech, so students should pay attention to them. Pay special attention to the difference between metaphor and analogy (metaphor pays attention to the similarity between different things, analogy pays attention to turning heartless into sentient beings), metonymy is to replace things with related things, such as partially replacing the whole (sails can replace ships, feather forests can replace soldiers), and the difference between duality and contrast (contrast is mainly the opposition or relative of meaning content, regardless of structural form; Duality is mainly symmetry in structural form, which requires the same number of words and the same or similar structure), and attention should be paid to the comprehensive cross-use of various rhetorical devices. Students should be good at discovering rhetorical devices and explaining their functions. For example, it is more vivid (just like the strong wind in spring, which blows at night and blows open the petals of 10 thousand pear trees. ); Metaphor personifies things. ); The rhetorical question is to emphasize (if two people have a long relationship, is it sooner or later? ); Exaggeration is to emphasize and highlight (white hair and three thousands of feet, sorrow is like a long beard); Duality is to enhance the musical beauty of poetry, express conciseness, express lyricism, and enhance the external formal beauty of poetry (leaves fall like the spray of a waterfall, and I always watch the long river roll forward); (2) Profile of people-Contrast Contrast is a method of comparing one party's service to the other to highlight the main party, which can be divided into positive contrast and negative contrast. Contrast is a combination of two aspects, the content is opposite, and the purpose is to highlight the differences in methods. For example, Wang Mian's "White Eyebrows" in the Yuan Dynasty said: "I am in a forest of ice and snow, and peaches and plums are mixed with fragrant dust. Suddenly, the breeze started overnight and dispersed into Gankun Wan Li Spring. " This poem mainly uses the methods of contrast and contrast, highlighting the characteristics of plum blossom, such as cold resistance, lofty and full of spring. For example, in Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, "the roof height18,000 feet, and at this point, it began to turn to the southeast" was used to set off the height of Mount Tianmu. In Pipa Trip, the moon in the river "We saw the white autumn moon entering the middle of the river" set off the charming pipa sound, and "When the river mysteriously widens towards the full moon" set off the sad mood of the characters. (3) positive description-the combination of dynamic and static poets pay great attention to the contrast between dynamic and static scenery. They can also write static and dynamic, write static and dynamic, set static and dynamic, and turn static into static. The combination of dynamic and static is often related to foil. For example, Wang Wei's "Mountain in Autumn Night": "After the rain, the mountain is empty and stands in autumn night. The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. The bamboo forest is sonorous, the washerwoman returns, and the lotus leaves are swaying to get on the canoe. My friend's prince, what does it matter if spring is over and you are still here? "The couplets describe the bright moon in the sky with pine trees as the cover, which is a static description of the scenery; The clear mountain spring flows through the rocks, which is a description of the dynamic scenery. Because of the abundant water after the rain, the mountain spring increased its flowing potential, flowed over the stones and made a sound to set off the tranquility in the mountain. For example, Li Bai's "Looking at Lushan Waterfall" and "Looking at Waterfall Hanging in a Thousand Rivers" wrote the first image of looking at the waterfall from a distance, like a huge white practice hanging in the mountains, and the word "hanging" turned into silence. Another example is Wang Wei's "Bird Watching Creek", "People are idle and osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and spring is empty. When the moon is full of birds, when the spring stream is singing, "Flowers fall on the moon and birds sing" highlights the quietness of the spring stream, and Wang Ji's "If you are in the Xi" "The cicada forest is quieter and the Yingong Mountain is more secluded. "It is also quiet because of sound and quiet because of movement." Dancing with a silver snake on the mountain, the original wax figure is also turning from static to dynamic. "(4) Positive description-the combination of reality and reality in the description of scenery is imaginary scenes, such as recalling and imagining the future or fantasy; Actually, it refers to the current audio-visual scene. For example, Li Bai's Tianmu Mountain climbed high in his dream. Now the sun and the moon shine on the gold and silver platform, dressed in colorful clothes, riding the wind, taking the tiger as the piano and the phoenix as the dance, row after row, like the field of hemp, full of fairy shadows, which is an imaginary fairyland. Ouyang Xiu's "Walking on the Sand": "Wait for the plum blossoms in the pavilion, the willows in the creek bridge are thin, and the grass is warm and swaying. Sadness is getting farther and farther away, and the distance is like spring water. Inch by inch, my heart is tender, my eyes are full of tears, and the height of the building is not close to the dangerous fence. At the end of the flat land, there is a spring mountain, and pedestrians are outside it. "Fair realism, through the scene of early spring, compares the departure of" pedestrians ". The reality is empty, and the "pedestrian" imagines his wife leaning against the railing and looking into the distance, missing the sad scene of the "pedestrian", thus expressing his feelings of parting incisively and vividly. Liu Yong's Yu Lin Ling imagined scenes again and again. Li Yu's Yu Meiren, "Carved fences and jade bricks should still exist, but Zhu Yan changed them", "Carved fences and jade bricks" and "Old country" are the scenery in my memory. In Jiang Kui's Yangzhou Slow, the virtual scene is "Spring Breeze Ten Miles" and the real scene is "Mai Man Qing", which is even more declining than before.