Linguistically speaking, Du Fu's poems are generally regarded as "gloomy". The word "depressed" first appeared in the Southern Dynasties, which means "depressed and thoughtful, sad and picturesque". Later, Du Fu wrote the word "depressed and frustrated", which accurately summarized the language of his works. "As for depression and frustration, they are agile at all times, while Yang Xiong and Gomez are ordinary.
A further study of Du Fu's poems shows that the formation of his poetic style is closely related to his adherence to Confucianism. At the same time, Du Fu was at the end of his heyday. When he was young, he was ambitious. "Once you reach the top, you will see that other mountains are short in the sky." . Later, the Anshi Rebellion broke out and the national movement declined. Coupled with the unsatisfactory official career, the huge gap between ideal and reality has greatly changed Du Fu's poetic style.
Close to realism. The individualization of image selection in Du Fu's poems is the basis of his language. Images often appear in Du Fu's poems, such as ancient scenery, autumn clouds, apes whistling, broken torches, steep gorge, becoming a defender, solitary boat, falling flowers, sunset and other natural landscapes, as well as ordinary people such as weaver girl, old woman, old farmer and wife, as well as powerful forces such as officials, generals and hooligans.
They all show Du Fu's urgent mood of reviving the world, his rebuke of confusing Gan Kun, his indignation at bullying, his sorrow for wandering, his pity for the loss of life, his regret for material resources and his praise for giving alms to the masses. It is these heavy feelings that make the language of Du Fu's poems tend to be "depressed and frustrated".
Second, inclusiveness.
As far as style is concerned, Du Fu's poems have many styles. For example, Du Fu also has a wild and unruly side. We can see Du Fu's heroism from his masterpiece "Song of Drinking Eight Immortals". The mainstream view holds that Du Fu's poems are gloomy in style, refined in language, rigorous in meter, skillful in craftsmanship, sincere in feelings, elegant in speech, profound in description, delicate and touching, and vivid in image.
Third, the antithesis of exquisite words.
In terms of meter, Du Fu's poems are characterized by refined words and neat antithesis, which conforms to the "architectural beauty" of China's poems. For example, "the wind blows in the wide sky, apes crow and birds crow, the blue lake and white sand return to their nests, the leaves fall like waterfalls, and I see the long river rolling in", which is the embodiment of Du Fu's superb diction and antithesis.
In addition, Du Fu also has many innovations in genre, such as his creativity in the Five-Seven Laws and his uniqueness in literary creation.
Fourth, the content is far-reaching
Among Du Fu's poems, most of his works reflect the social outlook at that time, with a wide range of themes and far-reaching significance, especially describing the sufferings of the people and expressing his sympathy for the people and his feelings of worrying about the country and the people. Du Fu's poems are called the history of poetry.
In the Song Dynasty, the conclusion was drawn, but the significance of poetry history was different. Some people pay attention to Du Fu's poems about historical events, and think that Du Fu's poems are documentary poems, which can supplement and prove history, so they are called poetry history. This statement only pays attention to the truth and falsehood of historical events, but ignores the emotional characteristics of poetry.
Extended data:
His poems are rich in social content, rich in the color of the times and distinctive in political inclination, which truly and profoundly reflect the political current affairs and broad social life prospect of a historical era before and after the An Shi Rebellion, and are called the "history of poetry" of a generation. The style of Du Fu's poems is basically "gloomy and frustrated", and the language and text structure are full of changes, emphasizing the refinement of words and sentences.
At the same time, his poems have many styles. Besides the five ancient poems, the seven ancient poems, the five laws and the seven laws, he also wrote many lines. There are also various artistic techniques, which are the epitome of the ideological art of Tang poetry.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and his poetic style is gloomy and frustrated, worrying about the country and the people. He has a great ambition of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior first, and then making the customs pure". He loves life, people and the great rivers and mountains of the motherland. He hated evil, exposed and criticized the corruption of the imperial court and the dark phenomenon in social life.
He sympathized with the people and was even willing to make sacrifices to save their suffering. Therefore, his poetry creation always runs through the main line of worrying about the country and the people, with the most ordinary people as the protagonist, which shows Du Fu's greatness.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Du Fu