What is tongue rolling in linguistics?

In Mandarin, the vowels of many words are changed by rolling the tongue, which is called Hua Er. A vowel with retroflex is called "retroflex rhyme", which is marked by adding R after vowel. The vowels that follow are still syllables, but the vowels with rhyme are usually written by two Chinese characters, such as Yu Er (yùr) and Lao Ren (L∥ otó ur).

Whether the rolling tongue makes vowels change depends on whether the last phoneme pronunciation action of vowels conflicts with the rolling tongue action (that is, whether the previous action hinders the latter action). If the two conflict and hinder the tongue rolling, the vowel pronunciation must be changed when the tongue is rolled.

Mandarin is similar to other vowels except for retroflex and mi-hua. Some different vowels have the same pronunciation after retroflex, so it can be concluded that there are only 26 retroflex rhymes among the 39 vowels in Mandarin.

In Putonghua, Hua Er has the function of distinguishing word meaning from part of speech, such as "Ding" as a verb and "Ding 'er" as a noun; "A little" refers to the noun of time, and "a little" is a quantifier, meaning "a little, a little". In the context of distinguishing word meaning from part of speech, the place where inflections are processed must be inflections, otherwise ambiguity will arise. However, in broadcasting language, especially in political, scientific and academic programs, strict language is required and children are used as little as possible; It is also inappropriate to use children's words in written or more formal language environment.

There is also a kind of Hua Er, which is an emotional color to express love and kindness. Such as faces, flowers, children, movies.

It is often used to express the state and quality of being little, small and light. Such as: rice grains, door cracks and egg yolks.

In the actual recognition of Er-hua rhyme, Er-hua sounds are read together with the preceding syllables, and should not be read alone (that is, the word "er" behind cannot be read clearly alone). However, in lyric styles such as poetry and prose, sometimes rhyming sounds can be pronounced separately, such as "leaves and crescent moon".

65438+ Among them, the tongue position of E is slightly backward and the tongue position of A is slightly elevated. For example:

A→ar: Where is the handle?

Ia→iar: Yeyaer yièyár wallet Qin jiar

Ua→uar: draw huàr wave lànghuār

O→ou: powder fěnmúr bamboo chip zhúmór

Uo→ror: eye socket y m NW not r, guys, dàHuür

E→er: small box Xi m: ohé r hard shell y: ngké r

Ue→uer: protagonist zhǔjuér, muju er, Mü Jué r.

Ie→ier: Shi Jieer Shi jir copybook Zi Ti Cr

U→ur: the tearful Pearl Leyzl's overbearing child lípǔr

Ao→aor: the path is Xi m: odà or the wallet is hébāor.

Oh → Me: The old man is at the intersection of Aote and his son is at the intersection of Aote.

Iao→iaor: minor, xi m: odià or corners of the mouth, ancestral ji m: or.

Iou→iour: small ball Xi Dǐo qiúr and top cow D ǐ ng ni ú r.

2. When the vowels with I and ü as the main vowels are changed, I and ü have a small opening, and the high point of the tongue is in front. At this time, I and ü cannot be lost, so it conflicts with the rolling action. The way to deal with this problem is to add a vowel to the tongue surface, middle, middle and middle lips, and then roll the tongue on this basis. For example:

I→ier: the bottom of the pot is Gu d ǐ r, the wicker is Li s r, and the toy is wány Cr.

ü→ü er: ihxi ǒ oq ǔ rxi m: oq ǔ rDonkey má ol ǘ rInteresting yǒ uq ǔ r.

3. When a vowel with phoneme I at the end of the vowel is treated as a rolling tongue sound, the vowel I at the end of the vowel is lost because of the conflict between the pronunciation of I and the rolling tongue sound, and the rolling tongue sound is based on the main vowel. There are some main vowels with tongue position. Due to the influence of tongue rolling, the tongue position moves backward to the center and the Chinese side. For example:

Ai→ar Dapai dàpáir windowsill chuāngtáir

Ei→er: tóngbèir of the same generation, little b?obèIR.

Uai→uar: candy bar tángkuàir together with y and kuàir.

Uei→uer: Taste son kǒuwèir, a pair of children y ǒ du ǒ r.

4. When a vowel with the vowel ending in N is regarded as a tongue rolling sound, because the pronunciation of N hinders the tongue rolling action, the tail of N's tongue rolling sound is lost, and the tongue rolling sound is based on the main vowel. When the main vowel in front of the tongue moves backward to the center and Chinese side after rolling the tongue sound, a vowel with tongue surface, center, middle and non-round lips should be added, and the tongue should be rolled on this basis. For example:

An→ar: top team dǐngbānr leaflet chuándānr

En → er: loss-making sons Ku and B ě NR, and dying son Mi nggüNR.

Ian→iar: corny, J and Y, m: NR, roadside, Lü bi ā NR

In→iar: Print handprints with strength.

Uan→uar: Fun. Oh, turn around. Gu: iw ā nr.

Uen→uer: zhòuwénr Chunzi kāichūnr

Luan → ü ar: Circle in m: nquā nr Handkerchief shǒujuànr

ün→er: gregarious child, héqúnr, flowered skirt, huāqúnr.

5. When the vowel with -I in front of the tip of the tongue or -I in the back of the tip of the tongue ends, because its pronunciation opening is small, and the tip of the tongue is close to the back of the teeth or the front hard palate, it has hindered the tongue rolling action, so it should be changed to vowels with tongue surface, center, middle and non-round lips, and then the tongue should be rolled on this basis. For example:

-I→ er: Find the thorny ZH ǔ oc ǔ r Liu Si Li Er ǔ S ǔ r.

-Me → Er: The branches are all shùzhúr making trouble.

6. When vowels with nag as vowels are used, nag is pronounced at the back (which does not hinder the tongue rolling action), but because nag is nasal, there is no airflow in the mouth when pronouncing, so the tongue rolling feature cannot be formed when rolling. When pretending to be a child, you should completely lose the old horse sound, and then roll the tongue sound on the basis of the main vowel. If the main vowel interferes with tongue rolling, add a nasal vowel with tongue surface, center, middle and non-round lips, and then roll the tongue on this basis. For example:

ang→? R:chaganger chágángr prescription yàofāngr

beam

Me? R: mutton Xi m: oyá ngr vegetable seedlings càyāngr

uang→u? R: bamboo basket zhúkuāngr doors and windows ménchuāngr

Eng → (wavelet on e) R: jump rope tiàoshéngr, bamboo stool zhúdèngr.

Ku feng er ku feng

Ong → (above small waves U) R: small hole Xi m: T odT ngr, leave, ch?ukòngr.

A small handleless wine cup is not good for you.

Dragon → (small wave on e) r: bear Xi m: oxió ngr

Practice tongue twister

Grocery stall

We have a small grocery stall in Wang Xiaoer, which sells soy sauce, matches, cigarettes, toilet paper, Kanto cigarettes, brown sugar, white sugar, pepper, star anise, chicken, dried noodles, sauce, vinegar, oil and salt, candied haws, peanuts, melon seeds and dried plums. Wang Xiaoer can't read. He is in charge of bookkeeping and bookkeeping. He always makes a fuss. Neighbors bought him six big chickens, so he drew six big circles on the ledger. Two days later, he was returned, and he drew a line on the circle, but by the end of the year, he went to ask someone for money, and the chicken thing had long been forgotten. People say, "We paid the bill." He said that people owed him a bunch of candied haws and didn't give him money.

Little brothers and sisters

Little brothers, red faces, hand in hand, play together. Brothers, one class, learn to sing all the way. Learn to make sentences, string strings, sing new songs, learn to draw, and don't be playful. Draw a kitten, drill a circle, draw a puppy, squat on the temple platform, draw a chicken to eat millet, and draw a fish to spit bubbles. Brothers, with their temper, it is no problem to go to school. They are really parents' good babies.

Practice writing sounds

I entered the gate, poured a glass of water, drank two sips of luck, picked up a small songbook and sang one song after another. I practiced my mouth after practicing my voice. Tongue twisters, intense pronunciation, as well as Danxian's fierce brand songs, Allegro and drums, the more you talk and sing, the more energetic you are.

White beard old man

An old man with a white beard came from the south with a white cane in his hand. (repeat)

Shang Xiao town

On February 2, I went to a small town and bought a tobacco pouch. I came back to see if it was a stick.

A pair of trousers has seven seams.

A pair of trousers has seven seams, with vertical seams on the horizontal seams, vertical seams on the horizontal seams and vertical seams on the horizontal seams.

Learn to draw

Little boy, stop joking. Draw a kitten and drill a circle; Draw a puppy, squat in a small temple, draw a chicken and eat millet; Draw a bug and light a spark on it.