If a bicycle wants to ask for directions, it will be too late for the country.
collect the wild goose from Hansai and return it to Hu Tian.
the desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen.
Xiao Guan rides in Yanran every time.
Note ① Send to the frontier fortress: Be ordered to send to the frontier fortress. This is a five-character metrical poem, which is selected from The Whole Tang Poetry (Zhonghua Book Company, 196 edition). It was written by Wang Wei in 737 (the 25th year of Kaiyuan) on his way to Liangzhou to supervise the suggestion.
② ambassador: ambassador.
③ Bicycle: A car. Here, it is described that there are not many followers on this trip.
④ asking about the frontier: visiting the frontier fortress refers to expressing condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
⑤ Belonging country: refers to those ethnic minorities who are attached to the Han court and keep their country names. There were some vassals in Han and Tang dynasties. The second refers to the official name. In the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official position called Caiguo, which was granted to Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes refer to the "vassal state" as an envoy to the frontier.
⑥ Juyan: the place name, which was called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, is located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There is Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Jina Banner. In addition, the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty had Zhangye Juyan as a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's mission did not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Lin Geng and Feng Yuanjun's Selected Poems and Songs of China in the Past Dynasties think that this sentence is written in the Tang Dynasty, "the frontier fortress is vast, and the vassal countries are beyond Juyan."
⑦ Peng: Peng grass flying with the wind, which is the poet's metaphor here.
⑧ Returning to the wild goose: Because the season is spring and the wild geese fly north, it is called "Returning to the wild goose and entering the Hu Tian", which is also a metaphor of the poet.
pet-name ruby desert: big desert, which here refers to the desert to the north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: a cloud burned wolf dung when the ancient frontier defense alarm, "its smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows it away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling up in smoke and sand". According to later generations' field trips to Gansu and Xinjiang, there is indeed a whirlwind, such as "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safe fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. "Tongdian" Volume 21 Yakumo: "And dusk, peace and fire will not come." Hu Sansheng's Note: "The Six Codes: When Tang Zhen is waiting for the wind, the rate is 3 miles away. At the first night of every day, a torch is set off, which is called a safe fire."
⑩ Long river: Yellow River.
⑾ xiaoguan: the name of the ancient customs, so it is located in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia.
⑿ Houqi: cavalry responsible for reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei's mission to Hexi did not pass through Xiao Guan. Here, he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out Xiao Guan, chasing troops to Mayi", which is not true.
[13] Duhu: official name. In the Tang Dynasty, there were six prefectures in northwest China, such as Anxi and Anbei. Each prefecture sent one guardian and two deputies to take charge of all affairs in its jurisdiction.
[14] Yan Ran: Gu Shan's name, that is, today's Mount Hang Ai in Mongolia. Here stands for the front line. "The Biography of Dou Xian in the Later Han Dynasty": Xian led the army to defeat Khan. "Then he climbed Yanran Mountain, stuck it for more than 3, miles, carved stones to make contributions, learned from Han Weide, and made Ban Gu an inscription." These two sentences mean that when I met a waiting rider on the way, I learned that the coach was still at the front line after breaking the enemy.
⒂ smoke: beacon smoke, fireworks at the time of alarm
Translation
(I) never visit the frontier without pomp, and the place I want to go is far beyond Juyan.
(I) floated out of Hansel like a loose grass and flew into the northern sky like a wild goose.
In the desert, solitary smoke rises straight, and the setting sun is round on the edge of the Yellow River.
When I walked to Xiaoguan, I happened to meet a scout riding a horse. The former enemy commander in chief was at the front line.
Appreciation
In 737 (the 25th year of Kaiyuan), Wang Wei was ordered to visit the Xihe Provincial Government to express his condolences to the soldiers. This poem was written by the poet on his way to Xihe. This is a travel poem, and the poet went to the frontier fortress on a mission of the imperial court. Poetry describes what I saw and felt on the way to this mission.
The first two sentences explain the purpose and destination of this trip, why the poem was written, and the place where it was written, and explain the vastness of the frontier fortress. "I want to ask the side" is the purpose of the mission. "Bicycle" means that there are few followers and the specifications of the festival are not high. Poetry reveals frustration in the chronicle, which is triggered by the word "bicycle". The latter sentence says that I have been in the special area of Juyan, which becomes the basis of the scenery depicted in the poem.
sentences three and four contain multiple meanings. From the phrase "returning to the wild goose", it is known that the time to go to frontier fortress this time is spring. When the grass is ripe, its branches and leaves are dry, its roots leave the earth, and it floats with the wind, so it is called "sign the canopy". This sentence is the poet's feeling of falling from the grass. When it comes to pengcao in ancient poems, most of them sigh about their life experience. For example, Cao Zhi's Miscellaneous Poems (the second part) called "turning from the roots, drifting with the wind" is a famous example. In this poem, "going out to Han Dynasty" just reflects the poet's trip. Moreover, these three words are very affectionate in foreign countries, which deepens the feeling of falling. When you leave your hometown, your feelings are always complicated, whether it's because you have a difficult home or a difficult country to vote for, or because you have a mission, as written in this poem. About the poet's mission this time, he has been in a bad mood, which is different from the prestige and style that Sima Xiangru won the favor of Emperor Wu at the beginning of Han Dynasty and sent to Southwest China. The poet's frustration was related to the political struggle of the imperial court. Zhang Jiuling, the prime minister who always valued poets, was demoted to Jingzhou as a long history in April this year.
Poetry is written in pairs. "Zheng Peng" is a direct ratio, while "Gui Yan" is a contrast. In the spring, Yanbei returned to the old nest to raise chicks, which is a good place; Facing the desert wind and sand, the poet drifted to the Great Wall like a loose grass, and the situation was very different.
The five or six sentences describe the magnificent scenery in the desert in the border area, with a vast realm and vigorous weather. This couplet consists of two pictures. The first picture is the lonely smoke in the desert. Being in the desert, the poet is presented with such a scene: the yellow sand is boundless and boundless. Look up at the sky, there is not a cloud in the sky. No vegetation, no travel. Looking from afar, but seeing a wisp of solitary smoke rising at the end of the day, the poet's spirit does it one brace up, and it seems that this desert is a little alive. That's a beacon, which tells the poet that this trip is coming to the destination. The beacon smoke is a typical scene of the frontier fortress, which is "solitary and straight" and highlights the atmosphere of the frontier fortress. From the perspective of picture composition. Adding a column of white smoke between the blue sky and the yellow sand becomes the center of the whole picture, which is the crowning touch. Kunya: "ancient fireworks, using wolf smoke, gather straight, although the wind is not oblique." Zhao Diancheng, a Qing dynasty man, said, "Only when you see the scenery with your own eyes can you know the beauty of the word' straight'." This is from the words.
another picture is a long river setting sun. This is a close-up shot. The poet is standing on a hill overlooking the winding river. In the evening, the setting sun lowered the river, and the river was sparkling. What a wonderful moment this is! The poet only cites a word "circle", that is, accurately describes the scenery characteristics of the sunset on the river. As a result of choosing such a perspective, the red sun suddenly enters and exits the long river, which adds to the grandeur of the river's swallowing the sun and the moon, thus making the whole picture even more magnificent.
The poet focused his pen and ink on what he was best at winning-writing scenery. The author's mission happened in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north, and the poet made a metaphor on the spot, using the returning geese to compare himself, both narrating and writing the scenery, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link "The desert is lonely and the long river sets the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "spectacular through the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate, and there are no wonders. The thick smoke ignited by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the scenery, followed by a word "straight", but it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River that runs through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. The setting sun, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but gives people a warm and boundless feeling. A word "round" and a word "straight" not only accurately describe the desert scene, but also show the author's deep feelings. The poet skillfully melts his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scene. In the forty-first chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions, it said: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen.". How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is naturally round. The word' straight' seems unreasonable, and the word' round' seems too vulgar. If you want to find two more words for these two, you can't find two more words. " This is "the advantage of poetry, which has unspeakable meaning, but it is vivid when you want to go;" It seems unreasonable, and it is reasonable to want to go. " This passage can be regarded as revealing the superb artistic realm of these two poems.