(2) The first question: The couplets express the poet's lonely feelings (loneliness, melancholy, depression, dismay, etc. ).
The second question: the first couplet is direct lyric (direct expression of mind), and the last couplet is indirect lyric (lyric through scenery, emotion to scenery, etc.). Someone borrowed Liang Qichao's own literary criticism terminology and said that this poem used an exhaustive "rushing expression". (That's right)