Li Sao is a highly artistic lyric masterpiece with a strong romantic flavor, which laid the cornerstone of the romantic tradition in China's poetry history and was regarded as the source of romanticism by later generations. Influenced by the cultural tradition of Chu witch, Qu Yuan, with his unrestrained imagination and mysterious pen, combined the phoenix in Yunlong myth, the goddess in the sky, the exotic flowers and plants in nature and the bumpy fate of the secular world, and created a magnificent, confusing and mysterious world in the harmonious blend of fantasy and reality.
Seeking in the romantic dreamland is not only a symbol of Qu Yuan's inner conflict and depression, but also a manifestation of his tenacious personality. His sincere and deep love for the country and his insistence on his noble personality made Qu Yuan stick to his ideals all the time, live and die with them, and finally die with them. Li Sao, which was condensed by his painstaking efforts, also created an immortal personality with eternal light, which has been influencing the formation of China's national spirit and personality for thousands of years.
Liu Xie, a poet of the Six Dynasties, once commented: "Without Qu Yuan, there would be no Li See Sao." As he said, the most impressive thing about Li Sao is the full display of the poet Qu Yuan's noble personality, which was not found in Qu Yuan's previous poems.
Through Li Sao, we can see the poet's beautiful image of elegance, integrity and incorruptibility, as well as his great personality of integrity, honesty and persistence. Facing the dirty and sinister reality, Qu Yuan clearly realized the dangers of the future and the ill-fated fate. However, he did not want to succumb to his ambition, preferring to defend his personal dignity and die without regret. The poet personally picked flowers, birds and grass trees in nature and myths and legends, giving them extraordinary symbolic significance, such as using Whelan as an ornament to express his noble taste, using vanilla beauty to symbolize a wise gentleman, using good birds and grass to represent a virtuous minister, and on the contrary, Xiao Ai's evil birds symbolize a villain, thus greatly enhancing the artistic expression of poetry and making the whole poem full of wonderful and gorgeous fragrance.
Qu Yuan devoted himself to rejuvenating the country and realizing American politics, but he was wronged and relegated. Seeing that he was alienated from the King of Chu and was pushed out of the political arena, his patriotism was about to die out, and his heart was filled with incomparable bitterness and indignation. "Angry and lyrical", so he had the eternal swan song "Li Sao", which shocked the past and made the present shine.
7. After reading Happy Journey.
First, "Changyou"-people's spiritual roaming in nature.
Happy Travel, selected from the fourth volume of People's Education Edition, is Zhuangzi's first book, and its main purpose is to talk about the realm of life. In Zhuangzi's view, the ideal state of life is to be able to "roam freely" while alive. So, what is "Changyou"?
Let's talk about the semantics of "Xiaoyao" first. In Zhuangzi, the meaning of the word "carefree" refers to a person's free and carefree mental state or inner state in life. The word "carefree" is used many times in Zhuangzi, sometimes alone, and sometimes opposite to the word "wandering", but its meaning remains unchanged. Such as "idle, leisurely sleep" (Zhuangzi. Happy Travel): "Wandering outside the dirt, leisurely above the inaction" (Zhuangzi. Master): "I am happy between heaven and earth, but I am complacent" (Zhuangzi. Let the king "). Therefore, the essence of "carefree" refers to a person's free and willful life state.
Secondly, say "swim". As the main activity of human beings, "swimming" can point to both human spirit and human body. Zhuangzi used this word with two meanings. But Zhuangzi's philosophy is about people's spiritual freedom. He pays attention to people's spiritual activities in order to find a way out of life from people's spiritual freedom. Therefore, the word "swim" used in Zhuangzi refers to people's spiritual activities in most cases, and refers to the "spiritual roaming" in which people and nature are integrated.
The same is true of "you" in "Happy Travel". "Wandering" is a kind of spiritual wandering, a kind of spiritual wandering that allows the soul to roam in "infinite time and space", and a natural friendship and communication with Tao, the creator, heaven and earth, that is, Zhuangzi. The "spiritual communication between the world and the world" mentioned in the world. In such spiritual activities, man and nature are integrated, and "heaven and earth coexist with me, and everything is one with me" (Zhuangzi. The Theory of Everything's calm state, so as to gain freedom and peace of mind. The "tour" here is "carefree".
Second, "Supreme Person", "God Man" and "Sage"-The core of Zhuangzi's world outlook and outlook on life is "Tao". Zhuangzi believes that "Tao" gives birth to all things, and "Tao" makes all things endless. Everything in the world (including human beings), no matter in what form and no matter what changes, is the result of the operation of this "Tao" and the concrete expression of this "Tao". This is called "Everything is born by the machine and enters the machine" (Zhuangzi. Joy "). The essential feature of "Tao" is nature, doing nothing and doing everything, without purpose and purpose. Human beings are born along the "Tao", so human existence is natural, aimless and desirable, just like animals and plants in nature or even the lifeless world sun and moon, and inaction is natural.
In Zhuangzi, the "real person" is also called "Supreme Man", "God Man" and "Saint". Because the "real person" lives naturally according to heaven and human nature, and reaches a perfect state, Zhuangzi also calls it the "supreme person": the "real person" is naturally in the world, doing nothing and being free from vulgarity, so Zhuangzi also calls it the "divine person": the "real person" is a person who has obtained the essence of heaven and earth, and there is no way in the world. "Happy Travel" says that "people have no self, gods are useless, and saints are nameless". These three names are different, but they actually refer to one. "No self" is the wayward nature after no self, and "nameless" and "reactive power" are also the wayward nature after no self. These three states are all people's quiet life of doing nothing in body, Tao and sex. Only in this way, the "Supreme Person", "God Man" and "Saint" can "take advantage of the righteousness of heaven and earth, resist the debate of six qi, swim endlessly and have nothing to do" and have a "carefree journey" of life.