Riding a bike to visit the border and passing through Juyan County.
Pengpeng also floated out of Korea, and the geese heading north also flew into the sky.
The vast desert is lonely, and the Yellow River sets the yen.
When I arrived at the small pass, I met a spy waiting for the knight and told me that Dou Hu was in Yan.
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Frontier fortress
Translation and annotation
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I will visit the border without pomp, and all the countries I pass by have passed by.
Like a grass drifting with the wind, wild geese belonging to the north are flying in the sky.
Solitary smoke goes straight to the vast desert, and the sunset is round by the Yellow River.
When I arrived at Xiaoguan, I met a reconnaissance knight who told me that Doohu had arrived in Yanran.
To annotate ...
Sent to frontier fortress: ordered to be sent to frontier fortress. Dispatch: Send a special envoy.
Bicycle: a car, few means of transportation, described here as light and simple. Ask the frontier fortress: visiting the frontier fortress is to express condolences to the officers and men guarding the frontier.
Dependent country: there are several explanations: one refers to the ethnic minorities who are dependent on Hanting and retain their country names. There were some governors in the Han and Tang Dynasties. The second refers to the official name. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, there was an official named Cai Guo, who was awarded by Su Wu after he returned to Han Dynasty. People in the Tang Dynasty sometimes called "vassal countries" frontier envoys. Juyan: Place name, called Juyanze in Han Dynasty and Juyanhai in Tang Dynasty, located in the northern border of Ejina Banner in Inner Mongolia. There was Juyan County in Zhangye County of the Western Han Dynasty (refer to Geography of Hanshu), so the old city is in the southeast of Ejina Banner today. In addition, in the secretariat of Liangzhou in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhangye Juyan was a vassal state, and its jurisdiction was in Juyanze area. This sentence generally says that Wang Wei passed by Juyan. However, Wang Wei's task does not actually need to go through Juyan. Therefore, Feng's "Selected Poems and Songs of China in Past Dynasties" thinks that this sentence was written in the Tang Dynasty, "The frontier fortress is vast, and the vassal States are all outside Juyan".
Qian Peng: Pengcao flies with the wind, which is the poet's metaphor here.
Guiyan: Wild geese are migratory birds, flying north in spring and south in autumn. Here, the geese fly north. Hu Tian: The airspace of the Hu people. This refers to the northern part occupied by Tang Jun.
Desert: the big desert, here refers to the desert north of Liangzhou. Solitary smoke: Zhao Diancheng's note has two solutions: First, Yun Gu burned wolf dung during the border warning. "The smoke is straight and gathered, although the wind blows away." The second cloud is a whirlwind beyond the Great Wall, "curling smoke and sand". According to future generations' field visits to Gansu and Xinjiang, there is indeed a whirlwind of "solitary smoke going straight up". Also: solitary smoke may also be a safety fire used in border defense in Tang Dynasty. Long River: refers to an inland river that flows through the desert north of Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu). This river was called Macheng River in Tang Dynasty, and it is suspected that it is Shiyang River today.
Xiaoguan: The name of the ancient pass, also known as Longshan Pass, is located in the southeast of Guyuan, Ningxia. Standby: cavalry in charge of reconnaissance and communication. Wang Wei went to Hexi without going through Xiao Guan. Here he probably used the meaning of He Xun's poem "Waiting to ride out of Xiao Guan and pursue troops to Mayi", which is not true.
Duhu: There were six capitals in the northwest frontier of Tang Dynasty, such as Anxi and Anbei. Their main official is Du Hu, and each government faction has a guardian and two deputies, who are responsible for all affairs within their jurisdiction. This refers to the former enemy commander in chief. Ran Yan: Ran Yan, which is today's Mount Hang 'ai in Mongolia. Dou Xianbei defeated the Huns in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and recorded his achievements with a stone record at this moment. This represents the front line.
"Bicycle" two sentences: one sentence is "life and duty, bicycle wants to ask the side."
A scout on horseback. ▲
Make an appreciative comment
This poem is included in The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty, Volume 126. The following is an appreciation of this poem by Mr. Zhang Yanjin, an expert in ancient Chinese literature, a member of the Chinese Writers Association and a former doctoral supervisor of the Chinese Department of Capital Normal University.
The Ambassador to the Great Wall depicts the strange and magnificent scenery beyond the Great Wall, and shows the poet's praise for the patriotic spirit of the frontier guards who are brave in danger and lead the motherland. This poem is concise in narration and magnificent in picture.
"Bike wants to ask the side", there is no bus to go there, where to go-"belonging to the country, living in Yan", living in the northwest of Zhangye County, Gansu Province, far from the northwest frontier.
The poet compared Peng and Yan to "going out to Han like grass, flying into the lake like a wild goose flying north". In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. It echoes the "bicycle" in the first sentence. The trip to Wan Li took only ten words.
Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen."
The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Xiaoguan is protected in Yanran every time he rides a horse." When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.
The poet concentrates his pen and ink on what he is best at-writing landscapes. The author's task happens in spring. On the way, I saw a few lines of returning geese to the north. The poet made a metaphor on the spot, and compared himself with returning geese, which was both narrative and scenery-writing, which was natural and appropriate. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei. The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" of "desert" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless a word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully blends his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery. A passage from the forty-eighth poem in A Dream of Red Mansions can be regarded as the superb artistic realm of these two poems. ▲
Useful, useless, perfect
References:
1, A Dictionary of Appreciation of Tang Poetry translated by Zhang Yanjin. Shanghai: Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House,1983:162-163.
Creation background
In the spring of 737 AD (the 25th year of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty), Cui, our envoy from Hexi, defeated the Tubo army in the west. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty appointed Wang Weifeng Liangzhou as the censor, went out to the fortress to comfort himself and inspect the military situation, and served as our envoy in Hexi. In fact, Wang Wei was excluded from the court. This poem was written on the way to the fortress.
Useful, useless, perfect
Wang Wei
Wang Wei
Wang Wei (70 1-76 1, 699-76 1), a native of Zhou Pu, Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty and was called "Shi Fo". Su Shi commented: "Poetry is full of paintings; Look at the picture, there are poems in the picture. " In the ninth year of Kaiyuan (72 1), he was a scholar and was appointed as Tai Lecheng. Wang Wei is a representative of poets in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Today, there are more than 400 poems, including Acacia and Autumn Night in the Deep Mountains. Wang Wei is proficient in Buddhism and is greatly influenced by Zen. Buddhism has a Vimalakīrti Jing, which is the origin of Wang Wei's name and ci. Wang Wei's poems, paintings and calligraphy are very famous, very versatile and proficient in music. Together with Meng Haoran, they are called "Wang Meng".