Meng Haoran, who is good at pastoral landscape poetry, is also called "Wang Meng" with Wang Wei. Compared with Wang Wei's poems, his poetic materials are far less abundant than Wang Wei's in the creation of landscape pastoral poems, and his artistic techniques are not as varied as those of Wang Wei and Li Bai, which leads to Su Shi's criticism: "Rhyme is high and short, like a wine hand without material" (quoting Poems of the Back Mountain). Old Tang book? Meng Haoran's life story recorded in Biography of Wen Yuan and Book of the New Tang Dynasty is very simple. He only served as an adjutant in the Zhang Jiuling shogunate for a short time in his life. He didn't have a romantic life of wandering around the world, didn't visit Beijing for ten years, and suffered the bitterness of the world. He spent most of his life in his hometown in Xiangyang. In the eyes of his contemporaries, he was a hermit with "good bones and clean face and vigorous spirit", a poet with little life experience and low talent for writing poetry, but he was able to win the first prize in the brilliant Tang poetry world and won Li Bai's "Master, I sincerely salute you, and your reputation has soared" and "Why write poetry?" It shows that Haoran's poems have their own profound meaning and artistic value. This paper only discusses the language art of Meng's poems. Poetry creation is closely related to the poet's life experience, and Meng Haoran is no exception. Although the experience is simple, it also includes stages such as waiting for an official, promotion, seeking an official, roaming and retirement.
1. Waiting for the official country garden
Meng Haoran, when he was young, though wandering among the beautiful mountains and rivers in his hometown, had a positive ambition. Before he was forty, he had been studying and writing to prepare for promotion. His enterprising spirit is the embodiment of the unwilling loneliness and high-spirited demeanor of the scholars in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Seeing Lushan Mountain in Lipeng Lake
Space is dizzy, and the boat knows the wind. Hanging seats for the morning hair, in the lake. See the middle stream, and press Jiujiang Bear. Color condensation, sky. On the first day of the incense burner, the waterfall sprayed Chen Hong. For a long time, I wanted to chase after Shangzi, and I was pregnant with Yuan Gong. I am limited to service and have no time to bow. Huaihai will be half, and the frost will be poor. Send a message to people who live in rocks, and come if you are interested.
This poem was written while in service. The poet started with the style of memorizing lines and arranged a sudden and shocking background for the appearance of Lushan Mountain. With the dawn, the majestic Lushan Mountain appeared in front of unprepared poets. It towers into the sky by the river, and the black and blue rocks stand out in the sky. The word "spray" in the sentence "The incense burner rises in the morning and the waterfall sprays Chen Hong" shows a very strong shock and vividly shows the vitality of Lushan Mountain in the morning light. Lushan Mountain, the most commonly used image in articles and poems from ancient times to the present, once again vividly shows its thrilling charm. Poetry serves the theme from blandness, and it also strengthens the surprise at first glance at the strange scenery. In the language of tandem, blandness and shock are intertwined, and the poet has opened up a strange realm of poetry.
2. The unfavorable period of Chang 'an seeking official position
In the prosperous Tang Dynasty, Meng Haoran also had positive ambitions and ideals for society and life. He went to Chang 'an to take a job, expressing the joy of Chang 'an in early spring, but it backfired. Not only did he not go back to his hometown immediately, but he chose to stay in Chang 'an and wait for new opportunities. Three years have passed, with no result. But he wrote immortal masterpieces such as Returning to Nanshan at the end of the year and Leaving Wang Wei.
Return to Nanshan at the end of the year
North Que closed the book, and South Mountain returned to Lu. I have no reason to decide to give up my point of view. My old and many sick friends have stopped practicing. The frequency of white hair is that people are getting more and more every day, and spring is coming to force them to die. Full of sadness, tossing and turning, the pine forest is empty under the moon.
This is a frustrated work. In the exclamation of "I was exiled by a wise ruler because of my mistake, and I have been ill for so long without seeing a friend", we can realize Meng Haoran's unique personality: I lamented that I abandoned my Lord because of "incompetence". In the Tang Dynasty, the poverty people talked about most was "time", "talent" and "fate". He didn't lose confidence in his talent, but sighed when he was not hurt at the moment. He only classifies setbacks as "incompetence", which shows his mind and tolerance. The sentence "I have been ill for so long that I can't see a friend" is not only the author's complaint about not being recommended, but also the expression of his detached feelings. The first four sentences of this poem are steep and healthy, and the last four sentences turn into a memorable stroke. Zhu Zhijing, a man of the Qing Dynasty, said: "The conclusion sentence is very lonely, but it only writes about the scenery, not loneliness, which is implicit and tasteful." Generally speaking, this poem expresses the author's sadness that he has no way to become an official, but the language is warm and the meaning is not narrow, which shows the generous and open spirit of scholars in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Meng Haoran's poetic style at this time has not changed much, but his language is more delicate, his poetry is more profound and his mental outlook is more vigorous.