Shenzhen is the standard-bearer of immigrant literature. Since the 1990s, the ranks of mobile literature writers in Shenzhen have grown rapidly, and a series of outstanding works such as Youth Post Station-Portrait of Mobile Girls in Shenzhen have caused a sensation throughout the country. In the process of market-oriented development, immigrant literature has been adjusted in time according to the changes of the times and matured day by day. Nowadays, working literature has become a shining business card in Shenzhen cultural brand.
For more than 20 years, the development of migrant workers' literature in Shenzhen has been a life track from naivety to growth and then to maturity.
The gestation of embryonic form: true feelings lead to the voice of * *
After being involved in the process of urbanization, migrant workers left their homes and encountered various difficulties. On the one hand, they have the characteristics of traditional farmers' lack of cultural resources and inability to fight for their rights. On the other hand, the difference between urban and rural areas caused their emotional dislocation, "out of the country, not into the city." These repressed emotions have become the driving force for the rise of immigrant literature.
Since the birth of 1984, countless "Lin Jian" began to write "other people's cities, their own literature", which laid the cornerstone for the future development of migrant workers' literature: Liu Shuquan's "Shenzhen Temporary Workers" explained the dedication and joys and sorrows of hundreds of thousands of temporary workers in Shenzhen from many angles; Bing'an Chen's "Report from the Country of Daughter" describes 200,000 female temporary workers' longing for love and vividly presents their life picture. On the wall of a construction site in Shekou, a few words appeared: "Get up early, Qi Fei on two legs, Sanyo at work, cosmopolitan at home, get off work at five o'clock, six steps dizzy, seven tears, eight snots ...", which became the source of "Gongshi".
Hu Jingzhi, a professor at Shenzhen University, commented on the birth of migrant workers' literature: "It truly reflects the living state, emotional world and ideal pursuit of this huge social group, and records the spiritual course of contemporary China people from tradition to modernity and from closure to openness with vivid words."
When the literature of migrant workers flourished, magazines such as "Special Zone Literature" began to provide a broad stage for this kind of literary creation. 1988, Dapeng Bay sponsored by Baoan District Cultural Bureau was established. This publication, which reflects the life of migrant workers and pursues the literary characteristics of migrant workers, has become the "Whampoa Military Academy" of migrant workers' literature and has been welcomed by the majority of migrant workers. Dai Bin, Xie Xiangnan and other writers and poets who have attracted the attention of the literary world because of their creation of working literature are inseparable from the fertile soil of Dapeng Bay.
Yang Honghai, the full-time vice chairman of Shenzhen Federation of Literary and Art Circles and an expert on migrant workers' literature, believes that migrant workers and migrant workers' literature have been concerned and supported by the mainstream society since they sprouted in Shenzhen.
Wings are growing: the first generation of writers set off a whirlwind
In the early 1990s, the literature of migrant workers ushered in a golden period of development, with the first generation of migrant workers writers represented by Lin Jian, Zhang Weiming and An Zi. At that time, Wen Wei Po published an article entitled "Literature of Migrant Workers Emerged Suddenly", saying that it "rushed into the literary world of China with a short and fast pace and set off a whirlwind".
This is the productive stage of working literature. 1992, Haitian Publishing House published a series of eight works, including the reportage collection "Youth Seeking Dreams", An Zi's "Youth Post Station" and Lin Jian and Zhang Weiming's "Youth Journey". Yang Honghai, then editor-in-chief of Dream of Youth, said: "Most of these works belong to reportage on social issues. They reveal the little-known life of the' working class' with real brushstrokes and original ecological information, and guide readers to understand the new relationship between people in the working class and even the whole commodity economy, as well as the social reality that both employers and employees have cooperation and struggle. "
These works full of true feelings have a strong response among migrant workers, and the circulation of Dapeng Bay in a single issue exceeds 654.38+10,000. In the series of "part-time literature", the long documentary literature "Youth Post Station" deserves special attention. Through the story of 16 female migrant workers, the author An Zi reproduces the complex mentality of female migrant workers and their persistent pursuit of "everyone has the opportunity to become the sun". This work was reprinted by Shenzhen Special Zone Daily, Shanghai Wen Wei Po and other newspapers. The deputy director of the creative research department of the Chinese Writers Association believes that the Youth Post is not as literary as Wang's later works, because the text is rough and the story is simple. "But the great authenticity of the Youth Post has set off a frenzy of working literature, and this emotional agitation is the biggest factor for the success of the work. The true feelings of "Youth Station" are the biggest blow to junk works that are covered with gorgeous literary coats but don't know what they are. "
Kunpeng spreads its wings: the new generation moves to a new height
Since the new century, Shenzhen's mobile literature has reached a new level, and a new generation of mobile writers and poets such as Wang October, Xie Xiangnan have emerged. In 2005, the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League established the Kunpeng Literature Award for young migrant workers, and migrant workers' literature entered the mainstream vision.
Compared with the previous generation, the new generation of migrant workers writers began to return to pure literature and observe life with sharper eyes, with deeper artistic conception and broader mind. In the field of novels, Shenzhen writer Wang Shiyue is a representative figure. His novel The Sound of Sharpening a Knife in a Rental House shows the anxiety of migrant workers in a foreign land and their state of "walking on thin ice". Whether tattoos are safe or not is related to the protection of the basic rights and interests of migrant workers. He said that when he first started writing, his readers were all brothers and sisters who worked in factories. "Whether or not the workers are moved is an important indicator to test the quality of novels."
Let's look at another place-the real part-time poetry, which also broke away from the original form and entered the stage. Shenzhen poets such as Xie Xiangnan and An Pomegranate "gave us a three-dimensional understanding of working life with artistic observation with defamiliarization effect, and pushed the artistic achievements of working literature to a new level". Huang Yurong, an associate professor at Shenzhen University, said.
At the same time, the development of migrant workers' literature itself can not be separated from the strong support of Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee, municipal government and all walks of life. Over the years, Shenzhen has done many beneficial practices in promoting the development of migrant workers' literature. Since 2005, Shenzhen has successfully held the "National Forum on Working Literature" for five consecutive years. In 2008, Shenzhen hosted the "First National Poetry Essay Contest for Large-scale Migrant Workers".
Wang Xiyuan, chairman of Shenzhen Baoan Writers Association, said that there are nearly 300 foreign writers in Baoan District alone, and nearly 80 of them often publish their works in newspapers and periodicals at or above the provincial level. This unique phenomenon of immigrant literature has also attracted the continuous attention of China literary and art circles. In addition, the national original weekly "Immigrant Literature" was also launched by Baoan Daily, which has been published for nearly 80 issues for more than a year, providing a creative platform for a large number of newcomers to immigrant literature.
It can be said that the literature of working has been deeply immersed in the bone marrow of Shenzhen and has become the context of this city. For the future, many researchers believe that immigrant literature will develop for a long time. Wang Weili, a researcher at Shenzhen Academy of Social Sciences, said: "The process of industrialization, urbanization and modernization in China has just entered the stage of ZTE, and working as a social phenomenon will exist for a long time." On the other hand, experts also offer suggestions for its new glory. Xiao, a famous critic, believes that immigrant literature should bid farewell to the stage of pure empirical writing and enter a deeper research field. Let the phenomenon of working literature enter the field of university research and conduct diversified and systematic research under the framework of literature.