Fan Song Chengda
Farming during the day and harvesting marijuana at night,
The children in the village are responsible for their own affairs.
Children and grandchildren have not been liberated to engage in farming and textile,
And learn to grow melons in the shade of mulberry trees.
To annotate ...
⑴ Miscellaneous interest: Poetry written with interest has no fixed theme.
(2) Farming: weeding.
(3) Hemp: Twist hemp into thread.
(4) Responsible for each other: Everyone has a certain job.
5] Unsolved: I don't understand.
(6) confession: engage in and participate.
(7) beside: near.
Notes on the title or background of a book.
See Fan Shihu's Collection. When the author retired to his hometown of Wuxian (present-day Jiangsu) in his later years, he wrote 60 poems with the general title "Miscellanies of Four Seasons" with the theme of rural life and farmers' joys and sorrows, describing the joy of rural life.
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Going out to weed during the day and catching hemp at night, children on the farm can keep their homes.
The little grandson can't farm or spin yet, but he also learns to grow melons near mulberry shade.
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Fan Chengda (1 126- 1933), a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, is famous for his poem "Four Seasons Pastoral Music" which describes rural scenery. The four seasons in a year are spring, summer, autumn and winter. With a fresh style, the poet described the natural scenery and farmers' labor life in rural areas in detail, which was interesting to read. At the same time, because of his sympathy for farmers, his poems also reflect the exploitation of farmers by the government and rural landlords and the hardships of their lives. This is one of the poems, describing a small scene of rural life. It is written from the side, reflecting the tense working atmosphere and interesting life in the countryside.
The scene is like this, early summer, the busy season for small farmers. In rice fields, green seedlings have grown up and barnyard grass has been born. It's time to plow, that is, weed. "Plowing the fields during the day" and weeding during the day were men's jobs at that time.
The feudal society of small-scale peasant economy was basically self-sufficient and relied on its own production to solve the problem of food and clothing. At that time, the technology of planting cotton in China had not been widely popularized, and dressing depended on sericulture and hemp planting. The rich wear silk and the poor wear coarse cloth. The production process of flax is to soak ramie in water after harvesting and remove the epidermis: take out the fiber, dry it in the sun, then twist it into thread, which is called "performance hemp", and then weave it into cloth. When a woman finishes other housework during the day, she becomes numb at night. Weeding and beating hemp, such as taking care of the second sentence of "the children in the village are in charge of their own affairs" "Children" are men and women. Judging from the tone of the characters in the poem, nature refers to young people. The poem says: in the village, men and women are not allowed to be idle. "Being the master" means that each department should do its own thing and manage its own line. The meaning here is different from what we often say now: "Being the master". In addition to busy adults, there is another kind of people, that is, children who are not busy. They also participated in the upsurge of production in another way. "Children and grandchildren" refers to the children of the next generation. These little dolls are not able to work, can't plow the fields, and can't knit sweaters. Note that the word "unsolved" means "can't do it". If I can, I will take part in the labor of "ploughing" and "producing results". Although not, they are not idle. So what do you do? Children in rural areas are familiar with the agricultural life of adults, and have developed the habit of loving labor since childhood, so they plant melons under mulberry trees in 3355 and learn from adults. This is a common thing in rural areas, but it has its own characteristics. Here, children who can't take part in labor are still like this. Then, how can an adult with a heavy labor burden be busy with production?
Although the description of children and grandchildren planting melons is written from the side, it is not a foil, but in-depth. This kind of writing exudes a strong flavor of life in art, unfolds a warm picture of labor production in front of people, and leaves a strong rhyme interest in the language of poetry.
There are different opinions on the pronunciation of "miscellaneous xing" in the poem "Four Seasons Pastoral Miscellaneous Xing".
In my opinion, in order to understand the meaning of "miscellaneous feeling", we need to interpret these two words separately.
There are three explanations for "miscellaneous" in Modern Chinese Dictionary: ① various; (2) Outside the positive item, outside the formal item; 3 mixed together.
"Xing" is a polyphonic word. There are seven explanations for reading Yin Ping (the first sound): ① Prosperity; Pop 2 makes pop 3 start; Start; Established 4 times; Get up ⑤ Allow (dialect, mostly used in negative form )⑤ (dialect) Maybe ⑦ surname; When pronouncing, there is only one explanation: interest; Interest.
Through the above list, we will gradually find the word "miscellaneous" from reasoning, so we extend the content of the second lecture to informality. (Miscellaneous notes, essays and essays are often close to this meaning)
However, through the analysis of the explanation of "Xing", it seems that no suitable explanation corresponding to "Za" can be found.
If we think of the common sense of classical literature, we will suddenly realize that when the word "xing" is not pronounced, there is one less explanation in the modern Chinese dictionary.
"Poetry improvisation. Zhou's preface to Nanguan:' Therefore, poetry has six meanings. One is wind, the other is fu, the third is comparison, the fourth is prosperity, the fifth is elegance, and the sixth is fu. "preach:' you are excited, say something else first and wake up the words you are chanting.' -etymology
Then open the Tang and Song poetry, such a topic is also very common.
"Miscellaneous Xing" Jiao Ran (Tang) "Life points, wealth is not false. There is no mud on the seabed and it flies into the dust. "
Lu You in Miscellaneous Springs (Southern Song Dynasty) "You can get 1000 yuan for a meal every night. Being a wild old man is no longer responsible, and refugees on the road are finally tempted. "
"Miscellaneous Xing" Li Jue (Tang) "The old saying is more strange. Pedestrians give birth to rhinoceros candles at night, and the cave shines in Hong Shen. Riding a horse and sitting in the car, Zhu Guanhe is red. The waves disturbed Hai Ruo, who jumped into the secluded rock, while the dragon hugged his beard and lay in the black spring. Waterfront husband once said that things or evil should hurt you. The demon dream in Wuchang was a disaster, and EMI Wei Ying buried the haunted house. Qing Qing Ai Lan's book is fragrant, and it is ominous to see fish in spring. The water is turbid from the Qinghe River, and the Duke of Zhou is crazy about it. Millennium charm meets China watch, No.9, Cornus officinalis as a bag. Good and evil are always the same, and we should only fight for wine. "
"Spring Miscellany" Ren Yuxi (Song)' Peach and apricot are reflected in the fence, and the makeup point is Shangzhou's deputy envoy. Why can't the spring breeze be tolerated, and the warbler blows off a few flowers? "
"Miscellaneous Xing" An Xia (Qing) "There are bamboo houses hidden deep, but no flowers are strong."
Take the pastoral splendor of the four seasons as an example. The poet Fan Chengda resigned at the age of 58 and retired to Shihu, where he wrote 60 miscellaneous pastoral poems. Although the title of this poem is Miscellaneous, it fully reflects the real life in rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River. What is particularly commendable is that the poet combined the virtues of exposing feudal exploitation and showing farmers' diligence and simplicity with pastoral customs and scenery descriptions, thus making pastoral poetry not only write landscapes, but also contain profound social content, which is a great contribution of Fan Chengda to the development of pastoral poetry.
"Fu, Bi and Xing" is a summary of the expression of pre-Qin poetry in later generations, but it has a far-reaching impact on the whole classical poetry creation in China. Endowed with narrative lyricism, lyrical with scenery, lyrical with touching things. As a poem, the three are organically linked by emotion, so the lyric characteristics of the poem are obvious.
From the above, combined with the meaning of the word "za" and "xing", it can be inferred that "za" is a poem written at random, with no fixed theme, but the technique is mainly improvisation, as the saying goes, "touching things and improvising, people with feelings also have feelings." So it is self-evident what "miscellaneous feeling" reads. Learn to plant melons in the shade of mulberry trees.