Teaching objectives:
1. Learn how to demonstrate the central point of this article with facts.
2. Understand Jia Yi's analysis of the reasons for the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty, and understand the progressive significance of the author's persuasion of the Chinese Emperor Shi by satirizing the present under the historical conditions at that time. Understand the progressiveness and limitations of Jia Yi's political views.
3. Understand the role of rhetoric in expression and expression; Read the text and recite the last three paragraphs of the text.
Teaching focus:
1, strengthen reading and understand the structure and writing intention of the article.
2. Identify common words, flexible words and ancient and modern synonyms in the text, and master important notional words, function words and polysemous words.
Teaching difficulties:
Understand Jia Yi's criticism of Qin's tyranny —— "Being kind and not giving" is the reason for Qin's rapid demise.
Teaching process:
First, import:
Students have probably heard of the idiom "the law of the jungle", which seems to be a law in nature, but in human society, this law is often broken. More than two thousand years ago, the national strength of the Qin Dynasty was still so arrogant, and a peasant war broke the dreams of generations of founders. What caused all this? Jia Yi, a statesman and writer in the Western Han Dynasty, expounded his views for us. Let's study the article on Qin together. "Crossing Qin" means "pointing out Qin's fault", so what is Qin's fault?
Second, the author and the writing intention of Guo Qin Lun
Jia Yi (200 BC-65438 BC+068 BC) was a political commentator and writer in the Western Han Dynasty. Luoyang people. He lived in the early Western Han Dynasty. After more than 500 years of war, the social economy is depressed and the population is decreasing. Therefore, he strongly advocated benevolent government to "protect the people" and criticized current politics many times. On Qin was written to publicize this proposition, and the theory of "ancient" was written to say "present". The note 1 in Guo Qin means to point out Qin's fault, and the verb is used here.
Second, summarize the layout of the full text.
1. Firstly, the full text is divided into two parts according to the expression.
(1) Narrative part: Write the historical facts of the rise and fall of the Qin Dynasty (the first four paragraphs).
(2) Discussion: Point out the reasons for the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty (the last paragraph) and analyze the reasons.
2. Then analyze the level of narrative part, which can be divided into two layers.
(1) rising process (the first three paragraphs)
(2) The process of extinction (para. 4)
Third, speaking and reading the text
(1) Read paragraph 1.
Ask questions in the reading exercise to clarify the main points of this paragraph:
① the geographical advantages of Qin;
② Qin Xiaogong's political ambition-unifying the world.
(Sweeping the world, including space, including the four seas, and annexing the Eight Famines)
(3) the basic national policy (domestic legislation, service for agricultural organizations, revision to defend the war, and balance with foreign vassals)
As a result, the Qin people surrendered and seized the Xijiang River.
The rise of the Qin dynasty-ambitious-thriving.
(2) read the second paragraph
1. Question: What happened during this period of Qin monarchy?
Qing Dynasty: King Huiwen, King Wu, King Zhao Xiang, King Xiaowen and King Zhuang Xiang, the five kings after filial piety and before the first emperor.
2. 337 years before Huiwen Wang ascended the throne and 247 years before Zhuangxiang Wang died, which lasted for 90 years. How does the author describe this 90-year history?
Qing Dynasty: ① Concentrate the events of Huiwen, Wu and Three Dynasties in 1987 on one point: the expansion of the territory of Qin caused the fear of the governors, who turned Qin against each other. Filial piety and Zhuang Xiang passed down in the two dynasties. This is a general view.
(2) Write about Qin's territory, which is divided into four directions: east, west, north and south, showing its unparalleled military strength; Write the princes in the order of "combination and combination", "combination and separation" and "separation and solution", and exaggerate their momentum as much as possible to compare the ease with which the Qin people trapped the princes ("Qin people used to slow down the enemy and divided the nine countries, but dared not enter"). This is from a local perspective.
The expansion of the Qin dynasty-invincible-powerful.
The title of this article is Crossing Qin. Did these two paragraphs talk about Qin's fault? Since there isn't, what's the use of writing like this?
Clarity: pave the way for the following, and compare the strength in the process of reunification with the rapid demise later.
(3) Read paragraph 3.
1, read it silently first, and tell me what was wrong with Qin Shihuang?
Clarity: Find out the fault ("So, Wang Zhidao was abolished first, a hundred schools were burned, fools learned first, and ... loyal minister Chen Libing died alone") to summarize Qin Shihuang's internal policy. Foolish people, the weak, take the people as the enemy. )
2, divide the overall level:
The first sentence that Qin Shihuang unified the whole country actually has only one meaning, but it is expressed in four sentences. Why?
Clear: This is the unprecedented unification of China, which is of great significance and worth arranging; It is said that the Qin Dynasty was very powerful.
(2) What is the role of writing about expanding territory?
Clear: It is also a powerful statement of the Qin Dynasty.
Unification-Sweeping-Prosperity of Qin Dynasty.
(3) What is the key to writing Qin Shihuang's domestic policy?
Clear: tyranny, "no righteousness" is the conclusion. ("Who" and "He" are interrogative pronouns, which are used as verbs to lead to the meaning of "Ah, ask him who he is". )
The above two layers can be merged into one layer: writing about Qin Shihuang's internal and external policies.
(4) What's the function of writing the idea of the first emperor in the last sentence?
Clear: Oppose the rapid demise of the Qin Dynasty.
The downfall of Qin-tyranny-accusation-death.
3. What role does this paragraph play in the structure of the full text?
Qing: It says that the State of Qin is getting stronger and stronger, which laid the foundation for reunification. This period of measures after reunification shows that Qin changed from attack to defense. It was because of improper measures that it soon died out, so the next paragraph goes on to write about its death, and the author's meaning of "crossing the Qin Dynasty" is all in it.
(4) Read paragraph 4.
After reading silently, summarize the general idea of this paragraph: uprising, the whole world responded, and Qin rose and fell.
1, what is the role of the first emperor Yu Wei?
Clear: it implies that people are dissatisfied and everyone is afraid of themselves.
2. What is the key point of the article about Chen She Uprising written by the author?
Qing: "The world gathers and responds to it, and wins the grain and follows the scenery."
3. What does this mean?
Clear: People all over the country were dissatisfied with the rule of the Qin Dynasty.
4. Which sentence will pave the way?
Clear: "Renyi does not apply."
5. Which sentence of "hundreds of people" should be taken care of?
Qing: A Million Division-The Qin people can defeat the Million Division of the Nine Kingdoms, but lose to the Hundred Talents Plan, which is thought-provoking.
6. What sentence does Chopping Wood for Soldiers take care of?
Qing said, "Take soldiers from all over the world, gather in Xianyang, sell dysprosium, and cast them into twelve gold men."
7. What does this mean?
Obviously, "withdrawal" is not enough to contain the people's resistance.
The demise of the Qin dynasty-the uprising army-was completely defeated-and died.
(5) Read paragraph 5.
(1) First floor (beginning with "We can't talk in the same year")
Contrast and discuss the strength of the teachers of the Nine Kingdoms and the people of Chen She. It is pointed out at the beginning that the advantages of the Qin Dynasty still exist, which is the premise of comparative discussion. Through comparison, we can see that Chen She's position and the weapons and quality of the peasant army are far inferior to those of the King of the Nine Kingdoms and his army. The key is "different success or failure, opposite achievements", which is an ambush for the conclusion of the full text.
② The second floor ("However, Qin is just a place" ends with this sentence)
Take care of the whole article and summarize the central argument. "However, the Qin dynasty only occupied a small place, which led to a trend of thousands of times. It took more than a hundred years for a column of eight States. " Take care of 1 and 2 paragraphs, "take Liuhe as home and faith as palace." Take care of the third paragraph, and "seven temples and temples, the world laughs when their skills die." The central argument of this paper is "the trend of attack and defense, without benevolence and righteousness."
Benevolence and goodness are different in attack and defense.
Fourth, summarize the full text.
This paper discusses how to demonstrate the central argument by means of comparative argument.
Clear: ① vertical contrast: before Qin unified the whole country, it was on the offensive against vassals; After reunification, we took a defensive stance towards the people of the whole country, in order to explain that "the offensive and defensive are different". Before Qin unified the whole country, it was weak and strong because of "implementing benevolence and righteousness"; After reunification, the oil power will be weakened, because it is an inevitable result to "abolish Wang Zhidao first" and not practice benevolence and righteousness, and gradually weaken until it dies.
② Horizontal comparison:
A Qin and six countries. Compared with the strength of Qin, it is pointed out that the king of Qin "was benevolent because of his legacy."
Qin Dynasty and Chen She. Those who are far apart in status, talent, army and weapons can respond with one voice because Qin is not benevolent.
The division of Chen She and the Nine Kingdoms. The division of nine countries, with a large number of advisers, sophisticated weapons and well-trained soldiers, could not defeat Qin, but a group of peasant troops who cut firewood into soldiers defeated Qin, which shows that Qin's tyranny and helplessness made it lose all the people in the world.