Meng Yunqing
In February, Jiangnan is full of flowers.
Cold food in other places is far from sad.
Poor people often have no fireworks,
Not just the Ming dynasty.
An outdated festival (Qingming Festival) that started one or two days ago in Tomb-Sweeping Day, when only cold food is served for three days.
Han Yu
Spring city is full of flowers,
Cold food, east wind and willows.
At sunset, in the Han Palace, people distribute candles.
Light smoke scattered into Wuhou mansion.
Many people in the Tang Dynasty wrote poems on the theme of Cold Food Festival. Meng Yunqing and Han's cold food poems can be described as "Shuang Bao" for writing cold food poems. Both poems were written in Tianbao period, but due to the different life experiences of the poets, they showed different contents and styles. Meng Yunqing (725? -? ) Pingchang (now Shandong Province), then moved to Luoyang. During the Tianbao period, after being frustrated in the imperial examination hall, he once wandered around Jingzhou and lived a very poor life. Just before a cold food festival, the melancholy poet wrote this quatrain. The Cold Food Festival is 105 days from winter to the future. When Meng Yunqing wrote this poem, it was already February, and Jiangnan was already full of flowers and grass. The first sentence of the poem uses the word "people" to write the spring in the south of the Yangtze River, which gives people a colorful feeling and is the most pleasing to the eye. But in the poor poet's mind, the beautiful scenery is in great contrast with his wandering and poor life experience. The poet spoke his own difficulties and told the whole story. "Poor food in another country is far from sad", which makes people feel pity. How can a wanderer in a foreign land not miss his loved ones when the festive season is coming? I can't think of it, but I can't help feeling sad. Judging from the expression of poetry, it is even more sentimental to use music scenes to set off sadness here. In addition, the word "cold food" also implies that there is little or no food, and the pun is even more obvious.
Then I thought of cutting off the fire of cold food. Cold food "no fireworks", the legend is to commemorate the custom of meson push, every family forbids fire and only eats ready-made, so it is named cold food. Because the festival is in late spring and the scenery is pleasant, it has become a good day for tourists to enjoy from the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty. Shao Yong, a poet in Song Dynasty, said that "cold food is the only food in human festivals", which shows people's love for cold food festivals. The poor people's "no fireworks" is precisely the result of life's coercion, and the word "no fireworks" contains a bitter taste. The word "not alone" is thorough and straightforward. The poet skillfully combined the two and expressed his deep injustice and resentment at the reality at that time. It is not so much a cold food poem as a cry of helplessness and despair of the impoverished literati of that era.
Han's "Cold Food" only pays attention to the description of the scene of the Cold Food Festival, and does not involve any words about political affairs or comments on his own life experience, so there is no resentment. The first sentence shows the beautiful scenery of Chang 'an in the Cold Food Festival, and calls Chang 'an in spring "Spring City", which is not only novel in language creation, but also full of aesthetic feeling and association. The word "flying flowers" describes colorful spring, especially the scene of Jiangnan in late spring, which is related to the word "east wind" and "oblique" in the second sentence. The second sentence cuts out the scene of "Imperial Willow" in the east wind, and a detailed description lays the emotional tone of the poem. The word "Yu" is associated with "Han Palace" and "Wuhou", and three or four sentences are special scenes in the general scene of the Cold Food Festival. Time changed from day to night. In the days when burning fire was forbidden all over the world, palaces, nobles and minions all got permission from the emperor to make a fire. The word "light smoke scattered" vividly reproduces the image of China officials passing candles on horseback. Although no horses were written and no people were seen, the smoke from the kitchen has explained everything, making people feel as if they were there, reminiscent of the description of reality and reality. Moreover, the stories of the Han Dynasty written by the Tang people are worth pondering and chewing. "Poetry Nine Xuan" said: "In its season, Yang was good at spoiling the game, and the five families, Mi, Qin, Guo and Han, were too expensive to compare with them. Therefore, I borrowed five princes from Hanwang. That is, the gift of fire, and the first touch of grace, not expected by others, the rest of the chaos, but beyond words. " Although the meaning of irony and exhortation is not pointed out, it is left to readers for deep taste. So this is a good poem with profound meaning and subtle meaning.
Throughout the two poems, the language of Meng Yunqing's poems is simple and straightforward. At that time, people commented on his poems, which were both ironic and profound, and really hit the point. However, Han's poems are meant to be different. Amin's poet Xu said that his poetic style "Tsinghua's feelings, talents and emotions are all beautiful, so the tone is natural and the rhyme is natural", which is a more accurate evaluation.
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