First, the classification of ancient poetry
Ancient poetry includes poems and songs.
1. From the form of poetry can be divided into:
(1) Ancient poems, including ancient poems (poems before the Tang Dynasty), songs of Chu and Yuefu poems. Pay attention to the styles of ancient poetry such as Song, Song Xing, Quotations, Qu and Ling, which also belong to ancient poetry. Classical poetry does not talk about antithesis and rhymes freely. The development track of classical poetry: The Book of Songs → Chu Ci → Han Fu → Han Yuefu → Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Folk Songs → Jian 'an Poetry → Tao Poetry and other literati five-character poems → Tang Dynasty Ancient Style New Yuefu.
② Modern poetry, including metrical poems and quatrains.
③ Ci, also known as Yu Shi, long and short sentences, Qu Zi, Qu Zi, Yuefu, etc. Its characteristics: the tone has a fixed frame, the sentence has a fixed number and the word has a fixed tone. According to different words, it can be divided into long tone (9 1 word or more), middle tone (59-90 words) and short tone (58 words or less). Words can be divided into monosyllabic and disyllabic, and disyllabic is divided into two paragraphs, in which the level and number of words are equal or roughly equal, and monosyllabic is only one paragraph. A paragraph of a word is called a que or an article, the first paragraph is called Qianque, Shangque and Shangpian, and the second paragraph is called Houque, Xiaque and Xiapian.
④ Qu, also known as Yuefu. Yuanqu includes Sanqu and Zaju. Sanqu rose in the Jin Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty, and its style was similar to that of Ci. Features: the number of words can be added with interlining, and more oral English is used. Sanqu includes poems and songs. The number of songs is a coherent set of songs, ranging from two to dozens. Each group number takes the song of the first song as the name of the whole set of songs, and the whole set of songs must be in the same palace tune. It has no guests, but only oratorios.
2. From the theme of poetry can be divided into:
Lyrics about scenery, lyrics about scenic spots and natural scenery. Because of their dissatisfaction with reality, some ancient poets often attached their feelings to mountains and rivers, and expressed their thoughts and feelings by describing the scenery of rivers and lakes and natural scenery. This kind of poetry often contains the feelings expressed by the scenery described later, which is what people often say. Its style is fresh and natural.
(2) Poetry is expressed by chanting things, in which the poet describes the shape, characteristics, charm and personality of chanting things, so as to entrust the poet's own feelings and express the poet's spirit, quality or ideal.
(3) I feel nostalgic about poetry, because one thing causes the poet's feelings, such as homesickness, homesickness and friends.
(4) Memorizing the past and chanting epic poems, taking historical allusions as the theme, or expressing their opinions, or satirizing the present through the past, or expressing vicissitudes of life.
⑤ Poems describing frontier battles, describing frontier scenery and the military life of frontier soldiers, or expressing optimism and heroism or homesickness, with tragic style and bold brushwork.
Second, the development history of ancient poetry
1. China's classical poetry originated from folk songs, and labor created poetry. The Book of Songs is China's first collection of poems. It contains 305 poems from the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty to the mid-Spring and Autumn Period, also known as "Three Hundred Poems". The Book of Songs is divided into wind, elegance and ode according to its content, in which "wind" is a folk song and its essence. The Book of Songs is mainly characterized by Fu, Bi and Xing. Some people summarize the "wind, elegance, praise, fu, comparison and glory" in the Book of Songs into six meanings. The Book of Songs is the glorious starting point of China's realistic literature.
2. During the Warring States Period, the first literati poet based on Chu Ci appeared in the history of China literature. They were Qu Yuan and Chu Ci. Because the representative work of Chu Ci is Li Sao, Chu Ci is also called Sao poetry. The characteristics of Chu Ci are: the length of sentences is different, the form is fleXible, and the word "xi" is often used. "Sao" is often called "Sao" together with "Feng" in the Book of Songs, which is often used to represent literary works or the creative tradition of realism and romanticism.
Qu Yuan, the first great patriotic poet in the history of China literature, initiated the romanticism of China's poetry. Li Sao is his masterpiece. Li Sao is the longest existing political lyric poem in ancient China, and it is also a masterpiece of romanticism. His works include Nine Songs (nine are imaginary and eleven are * * *), Nine Questions and Nine Chapters (nine are true).
3. The highest achievement of poetry representing the Han Dynasty is Yuefu poetry. Yuefu, first of all, refers to the music organ of Han Dynasty, whose main task is to collect songs and train musicians. During the Wei, Jin and Six Dynasties, the poems sung by Yuefu were called "Yuefu", so Yuefu evolved from an official name to a name with a musical poetic style. The most basic artistic feature of Han Yuefu is narration. Masterpiece Peacock Flying Southeast.
Peacock Flying Southeast is the earliest and longest narrative poem in ancient times and the highest peak of the development of folk songs in Han Yuefu. It is also known as "the double wall of Yuefu" with the northern folk song Mulan Ci. Peacock Flying Southeast is selected from Yutai Poetry edited by Xu Ling in the Southern Dynasties, and Mulan Ci is selected from Yuefu Poetry edited by Guo Maoqian in the Song Dynasty.