Knowledge points of the first volume of politics in the second day of junior high school 1
Lesson 1 The Master of the Broad Rights of the State
1, the national nature of our country:
A: China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants.
At the present stage of our country, all the people, including workers, peasants, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of socialist cause, patriots who support socialism and patriots who support the reunification of the motherland, are masters of the country and society.
2. The meaning of citizens' basic rights
A: It refers to certain rights and interests recognized and granted to citizens by the Constitution and laws.
Because the civil rights stipulated in the constitution are the most important and basic rights of citizens, they are called the basic rights of citizens.
3, the difference between people and citizens
A: People is a political concept, which has different class contents in different countries and different historical periods of the same country.
Citizen is a legal concept, which refers to a person who has the nationality of a country and enjoys rights and obligations according to the constitution and laws of that country.
China citizen: You must have China nationality to be considered as a citizen of China.
China people: workers, peasants, intellectuals and other socialist laborers, builders of the socialist cause, patriots who support socialism and patriots who support the reunification of the motherland.
Therefore, those who belong to China citizens but not to China people are: ① criminals deprived of political rights; ② Foreigners with China nationality; 3 people who split the country; (4) hostile forces and elements that are hostile to and undermine the socialist system.
4. China's rights protection system
A: China's rights protection system takes the Constitution as the core, and legislation and judicial protection as the main contents to protect citizens' rights.
Legislative guarantee: it is to confirm the rights of citizens in the form of law and safeguard them with the coercive power of the state.
Judicial guarantee: it refers to punishing all kinds of infringement by law and protecting citizens' rights.
5. Basic rights enjoyed by citizens of China.
A: The basic rights of citizens involve political, economic and cultural fields, covering family life, school life, social life and many other aspects.
(1) Right to equality; ② Political rights and freedoms; ③ Freedom of religious belief; Personal freedom; (5) the right to criticize, make suggestions, appeal, accuse and expose state organs and their staff, and the right to receive compensation; ⑥ Social and economic rights; (7) Educational, scientific and cultural rights and freedoms; (8) Women's rights, marriage, family, children and the elderly are protected by the state; The lawful rights and interests of overseas Chinese, returned overseas Chinese and their relatives are protected by law.
Constitution is the confirmation and guarantee of citizens' basic rights.
6. How to exercise civil rights correctly?
A: ① Citizens should respect the rights of others when exercising their rights.
(2) When exercising their rights, citizens shall not harm the interests of the state, society and the collective.
(3) Exercise rights within the scope permitted by law. (4) exercising rights according to law.
7. How to exercise the right to freedom of speech?
A: First, citizens should not use freedom of speech to insult or slander others. Second, citizens are not allowed to use freedom of speech to instigate or incite others to commit acts that endanger national security, undermine national unity, corrupt social morality and disrupt social order.
Knowledge points in the first volume of politics in the second day of junior high school
Lesson 2 Our Obligations Statutory obligations are the obligations that citizens must fulfill under the Constitution and laws.
1. Why do citizens have to fulfill their obligations while enjoying their rights?
A: ① We can't get it without paying, and we can't just enjoy the rights without fulfilling the obligations. (2) for legal obligations, we must perform, because this is stipulated by the constitution and the law. In China, the rights and obligations of citizens are the same.
Each of us is not only the subject of enjoying rights, but also the subject of fulfilling obligations. Therefore, we should not only strengthen the concept of rights, exercise and safeguard rights according to law, but also strengthen the concept of obligations and fulfill obligations according to law.
2. The content of citizens' basic obligations stipulated in our Constitution.
A: The civic obligation stipulated in our Constitution is a legal obligation and a basic obligation of our citizens.
3. The meaning of legal obligation and moral obligation
Statutory obligation: refers to the obligation that citizens must fulfill as stipulated by the Constitution and laws.
Moral obligation: refers to that members of society voluntarily assume moral responsibilities to others and society according to social moral norms.
Carry forward the traditional virtues of the Chinese nation, abide by the basic moral norms of "patriotism and law-abiding, courtesy and honesty, unity and friendliness, diligence and self-improvement, dedication and dedication", and actively fulfill all aspects of moral obligations.
4. How to faithfully perform obligations?
A: ① We actively do what the law encourages us to do; We must do it according to the requirements of the law; We are determined not to do what is forbidden by law.
5. What is illegal?
A: It is illegal to fail to fulfill the obligations stipulated by law or to do acts prohibited by law.
6. Only by correctly exercising rights and faithfully fulfilling obligations can we be a qualified citizen with a high degree of legal concept and noble morality.
The second day of politics, the first book, knowledge points 3
The right to life and health is with me. The right to life and health is the basic right of human survival and development. It is an important part of personality right.
1. What is the right of personality?
Personality right is the right to be a man.
2. What does the personality right contain?
Personality rights include: (1) material personality rights (life and health rights); (2) the right of spiritual personality; (Right to freedom, name, portrait, reputation and privacy)
3. What is the primary personality right?
Among the citizens' personality rights, the right to life and health occupies the primary position.
4. Characteristics of personality right
Answer: ① Personality right is the premise for people to connect themselves with society and have various contacts and contacts with others. If you don't enjoy the right of personality, people can't have an independent personality, and their dignity and value will cease to exist, and modern social life will not be able to proceed normally. (2) The right of personality is accompanied by life, and it has been with us since birth.
(3) It is enjoyed by everyone alone, and cannot be transferred, abandoned or inherited, nor can it be illegally restricted by others, nor can it be divorced from our personal life.
5. What does the right to personal freedom include?
Answer: ① Within the scope permitted by law, the person and will of citizens are completely at their own disposal; (2) No citizen's body shall be searched illegally; (3) Citizens' bodies shall not be illegally detained; (4) Citizens' bodies shall not be illegally detained.
Importance of personal freedom: Personal freedom is the basic guarantee for us to participate in various activities and fully enjoy other rights. Without personal freedom, other freedoms are hard to enjoy.
6. What are the special protections for minors in China's laws?
A: ① Chinese laws prohibit maltreatment and abandonment of minors, and prohibit infant drowning and abandonment. (2) employers are prohibited from illegally recruiting minors under the age of 16. ③ It is forbidden to arrange underage workers (workers who have reached the age of 16 but not reached the age of 18) to engage in underground, toxic and harmful labor.
7. What laws in China protect citizens' right to life and health?
A: Constitution, Criminal Law, General Principles of Civil Law and Public Security Administration Punishment Law.
8. What laws specifically protect minors?
Law on the Protection of Minors and Law on the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency
9. What are the ways for citizens to exercise their right to health?
A: ① We have the right to cherish life, maintain health, actively exercise and improve health; (2) Have the right to seek medical treatment in time when sick, restore health and enhance physical fitness; (3) When one's life and health are illegally infringed upon by others, one has the right to defend oneself according to law and request legal protection; Pay attention to your own life safety and health, and don't commit suicide or self-harm.
10, how to care about the life and health of others?
(1) While enjoying the right to life and health, we have the moral obligation and legal obligation not to infringe others' right to life and health. A life is heavier than the earth. No one may illegally deprive others of their lives, even if they are loyal to their families, because this is an act of violating the right to life; No one may intentionally or negligently cause injury or illness to others, because this is an act that violates the right to health.
(2) "Don't do to others what you don't want." To hurt others is to hurt yourself, and to respect others is to protect yourself. In the journey of life, let us remember this sentence: "To benefit others is to be selfish, to lose others is to lose yourself, to let others degenerate, to harm others is to harm themselves, and a gentleman is proud of treating others."
(3) Take care of living things, care about the life and health of others, stay away from violence, and be a law-abiding and helpful person.
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