Shrike
Shrike
There are about 64 species of passerine (passerine) birds, which are medium-sized and predatory; In particular, there are 25 species of birds of the subfamily Shrike and the genus Shrike. It can kill large insects, lizards, mice and birds with its beak. It will hang the bait it catches on the thorn, just like human beings hang meat on the meat hook, so it is also called butcher bird. The real Shrike lives alone, with a harsh voice, gray or taupe, and often black or white markings. The great gray shrike is the most widely distributed. In Canada and the United States, it is called the Northern Shrike, with a body length of 24 cm (9.5 inches) and a black face like a mask. The only other species in the New World is ludovicianus Shrike in North America, which is similar to the Great Grey Shrike, but smaller in size. Several Eurasian species have red or brown spots.
There are 40 species of Algae in soft armor, distributed in Africa, about 16? 20 cm (6.5? 8 inches), the feathers are bright, the beak is not as good at hunting as the real Shrike, and there are long soft feathers at the waist. Quietly foraging for insects in the bushes. The shrike birds all sing tactfully. Multicolor Shrike's lower body has many colors-red or yellow, sometimes black or white. The four-color nightingale has a green top, a golden bottom, a red throat and a black border. Some people think that the genus Chlorophyta is Trichophyton.
The African black shrike (Laniarius) also belongs to Congshrinae. It is about 20 cm (8 inches) long, plain in appearance and often has white stripes on its wings. Elephants with long beaks are all black. Tropical black shrike (L. aethiopicus, namely Ethiopian shrike) has black and white upper body and red lower body. L. erythrogaster, also known as Abyssinia Black Shrike and Red-bellied African Black Shrike, is black at the top and bright red at the bottom, just like Babalo Shrike.
There are about 10 species of helmet shrike, distributed in Africa. It belongs to Prionopidae (also known as worms), and this subfamily is classified as Helmet Shrike (see Helmet Shrike).
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Ulu Gulu Kangshiliu
(Diego Maradona)
A general term for birds of the genus shrike of passeriformes. The mouth is strong, and the top of the upper mouth has a notch and is hooked; The nostrils are partly covered with feathers; Tatars are strong and powerful. Both men and women are similar. There are 23 species of plants in the world, which are widely distributed in Africa, Europe, Asia and America. There are 9 species in China. It is distributed in all regions. Red-tailed shrike is a typical species of this bird. Body length 16 ~ 22 cm. The head has black stripes, the back is mostly taupe, the abdomen is brownish white, and the tail feathers are brownish red. Perched on the treetops, they often looked around. Once they found the bait, they flew straight down to catch it. Fierce sex, like to eat birds, small mammals and various insects, but also eat sorghum. Male and female nest together, made of absinthe. Each nest lays 4 ~ 8 eggs. Eggs are hatched by females 14 ~ 16 days; At the beginning of brooding, the male goes out to look for insects, returns to the nest and vomits into the female's mouth, and then the female feeds the chicks. A week later, males and females take turns looking for insects to feed their young.
[Ranius Coe Louriau]
Ranius Coe Louriau
Shrike mainly refers to many kinds of songbirds of shrike, especially shrike. They are characterized by a hook on their mouth, which mainly preys on insects. Some large insects, lizards and mice are their prey. The caught food is often nailed to thorns by them, so it is also called butcher bird. Feathers are generally gray or light brown, and wings and tails are black with white spots.
The great gray shrike, also known as the northern shrike, is the most widely distributed shrike in Canada and the United States. It is 24 centimeters long and has black hair. Stupid shrike is another shrike produced in the New World. The appearance is similar to that of the great gray shrike, and the mesoderm is smaller.
Several shrike birds in Europe are mostly red or brown.
From shrike to Africa, there are about 40 species. The body length is about 16-2 1 cm. Feathers are brightly colored, the beak is not as sharp as other shrike birds, and the tail has long and soft feathers. The four-color cluster shrike has green upper body and golden lower body. Red throat and black border, very nice. Since catching insects for a living, he has often targeted and ambushed in the bushes.
Shrike, an endangered animal, was found on the island of St. clementi, USA. Uluru Kambora, a native of Uluru Mountain in Tanzania, is also endangered.
Tiger shrike (figure)
Tiger shrike
Common names: Thick-billed Shrike, Thick-billed Shrike, Tiger Flower Shrike and Tricolor Tiger Shrike. The upper back of the forehead is gray, followed by chestnut brown with black scales; The tail feather is brown; The lower body is almost pure white.
Male adult birds: blue-gray from top to bottom; From the root of the forehead, the eyes go backwards first, through the head to the ear area, and there is a wide dark circle; The feathers on the shoulders, back to tail and inner wing are chestnut brown, and there are several black scaly spots on each feather, which makes the whole body appear dense black horizontal spots; The tail feather is brown, and there are dark brown hidden stripes on each feather, with a width of about 1.5mm and a spacing of about1.5 ~ 2 mm; Side tail feathers have light-colored ends; The flight feathers are dark brown, and the outer edge of each feather is dyed reddish brown, and the inner flight feathers are more obvious. Inside and outside of the innermost flight feather (tertiary flight feather)? They are all dyed reddish brown with dark brown hidden stripes similar to tail feathers. The lower body is all pure white, only dark gray, and there are sparse and scattered scales on the side abdomen; Feather-covered leg feathers are white with light brown and dark brown transverse spots; Axillary feathers are white.
Female adult bird: the feather color is similar to that of male bird, but the forehead base is small and black, the black line at the head and above the eye is brown, and the gray on the top of the head and the chestnut brown on the back feather are not as bright as that of male bird; The lateral abdomen is decorated with dark brown scaly transverse spots.
Young bird: the feathers on the top and back are chestnut brown and covered with dark brown horizontal spots; Eye lines are brown or not obvious; The chest and flank of the lower body are covered with dark brown scales.
Tiger shrike is a forest-dwelling bird, which distributes from the plain to hills and mountains, but it is more common in hills and low mountains. From low mountains (such as Daikunshan, Yantai, Shandong, at an altitude of 100m) to Zhongshan (such as the mountainous area of Yanqing County, Beijing, at an altitude of 900 m), all samples were collected. Although widely distributed, the population density is low, mostly distributed in areas with less red-tailed shrike, which is excluded by the latter. Shrubs and broad-leaved trees, such as acacia trees, like to live on the edge of sparse forests and are often used as nests. Fierce personality, often stop at a fixed place, looking for and catching prey. Insects are the staple food, among which scarabs (insect beetles), beetles (insect beetles), locusts, HYMENOPTERA and LEPIDOPTERA account for the vast majority.
During the breeding period from May to July, there are 4 to 7 eggs in the nest, and 4 eggs are more common. Eggs are light blue to light pink, with light gray blue and dark brown spots on the top, concentrated at the blunt end. The weight of eggs is 3.0~3.8g, and the daily output is 1 egg. The incubation period is 13 ~ 15 days. When the female bird is hatching eggs, the male bird acts as a guard and often feeds the female bird with worms. Chickens are mated with males and females, and the chicks are fed 17 ~ 24 times per hour on average. The nestling period is 13 ~ 15 days (Fu et al., 1984). The hatched chicks weigh about 2g, and when they open their eyes at the age of 5 days, they weigh 24.5~26.7g before leaving the nest.
Shrike will hang the bait on the thorn. In the past, some people thought Shrike was storing food for winter.
Others think that they don't eat dry things hanging from branches at all. After careful observation, shrike doesn't like to eat those dried animals. In addition, the red shrike in the plateau area also hangs its prey on the branches. In this way, it is only a habit of shrike to hang the catch on the branch.
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Shrike in China Culture
There are records in ancient China:
The shrike was originally named "Qiu" (pronounced "Ju"), which can be found in the Book of Songs: Autumn in July; Twenty-four solar terms (Yuan, written by Wu Cheng): On Bad Birds sings loudly in May (describing shrike birds singing). Because of the habit of exposing the dead bodies of its prey, its cry became an ominous sign. The confirmation that "Shrike Bird" and "Owl" are the same kind of birds is the textual research of Li Shizhen in Ming Dynasty (A.D. 15 18- 1593). He spent a lot of space in Compendium of Materia Medica to investigate the mystery of shrike of scholars in past dynasties. According to July, Ming,? It is characterized by living alone and being able to be a snake. It refers to the evidence such as The Book of Rites, The Moon Order, The Book of Songs, The Wind in July, Folklore and Common sayings. This paper dialectically thinks that shrike means "?" In the Book of Rites and the Book of Songs. . Because the textual research and interpretation are meticulous and eloquent, it becomes an eternal evaluation.
The idiom "Laoyan flies separately" comes from the song "Shrike flies eastward" in Xiao Yan's New Ode to Yutai (464-549 AD, Liang Wudi in the southern dynasties): "Shrike flies eastward and swallows fly westward, and the aunt (Petunia) meets when knitting a girl. Whose daughter is squatting in front of the door, and her beautiful shadow is cast in the back room. Lights are hung in the south window and the curtain is fragrant. This year, the woman will be fifteen or sixteen years old, slim, beautiful, white and beautiful. In the third spring, the flowers have gone with the wind, leaving no room for pity. " Shrike is usually used in ancient poetry to describe the separation of husband and wife, lovers and relatives and friends. But in fact, the migration direction of shrike and swallow is north in summer and south in winter. The song "Shrike flying east and Swallow flying west" was originally intended to express the sadness of migration, and later generations expected the significance of literature, which was extended to "go their separate ways".
In addition, shrike played an important role in the history of China:
"Zuo Zhuan-Seventeen Years of Zhao Gong" (722- 464 BC): "My great-grandfather Shao Hao, standing at attention, was a good bird, so he was trained by the bird, and the bird was named after the birdman: Feng Bird, Li Zhengye; The words of the mysterious birds are also teachers; " Zhao, the secretary is also; Jade bird house, the initiator also; Danbird's family, the company is closed. "
It is said that in ancient times, five kinds of migratory birds used different migration times to make calendars. When Shao Hao ascended the throne, it was the day when the Phoenix flew in, so "Phoenix Bird's Family" became the general manager in charge of the calendar, called "Li Zheng", ranking first among officials. The next four are calendar officials: "Xuanniao" is a swallow, which comes at the vernal equinox and goes at the autumnal equinox, and is in charge of the vernal equinox and autumnal equinox; "Zhao Bo" is a shrike, responsible for the summer solstice and the winter solstice. "Jade Bird" is sung by beginning of spring, stopped in the long summer, and called Qi in the long summer in beginning of spring; "Dan Bird" is a pheasant (golden rooster), beginning of autumn sings, beginning of winter stops, and beginning of autumn beginning of winter stops.
Their leader is Shao Hao, one of the Five Emperors, who is the western god in ancient China mythology. At that time, he had many advanced high technologies. According to the book of the last chapter 7 of the History of the Road in the Song Dynasty, it was the earliest tribe in ancient China to determine the stars, and it was the first scholar of astronomy and calendar in the history of Chinese civilization. Jin, once "measured the atmosphere and traveled for eight nights." In addition, he is also the founder of primitive handicraft industry, primitive metal manufacturing industry and the use of metal utensils in China, so there is "gold" in his name. He is also the inventor of primitive ancient music in ancient legends in China: According to "Emperor Ji", Jintian's "The Quming Jiuyuan" produced Jiuyuan music and praised his hometown.
However, why is this magical "Shao Hao Jintian" a western god in ancient China mythology? If he was not the first person in the world to invent astronomical calendars, metal manufacturing and music, and if there was a gap between them for thousands of years, would there be a great exchange between Chinese and Western cultures in ancient times?