Fengle Pavilion - Appreciation
Whether it is a description or a description, the whole text is written around "Le": the name of the pavilion is "Le", which means thinking about music; Chu people regard traveling as "pleasure", which is enjoyment. Happy in the pavilion, happy in the mountains and rivers, happy in the peaceful and stable years.
Ouyang Xiu's prose has concise language and profound meaning. The whole article is less than 500 words, but it writes the "joy" meaning of "Fengle Pavilion" from multiple angles and in depth.
The "joy" of the place - nature and creation. Ouyang Xiu was certainly happy to be able to drink the sweet spring water and enjoy the beautiful scenery in Chuzhou, which were all given by nature. Looking at the scenery, only a hundred steps away from Chuzhou, there is the "towering and unique" "Fengshan" ”, there is a “secluded valley” that is “graceful but hidden deep” below, and there is a “clear spring” that is “dark yet rising out” in the middle, how can you not be happy? Joy is joy, but the author does not want to have only temporary happiness, nor does he want to enjoy it alone, so on the basis of the "joy" given by nature, he also uses human power to create "joy" and enrich the "joy" - "Shuquan" He chiseled out the stone and made a pavilion out of the ground, and went there with people from Chu." It can be said that the pavilion is built from "joy", and "joy" is born from the pavilion. There are so many "joys" and people are "feeling happy", so the pavilion is called "Fengle Pavilion".
The "joy" of living in time - opportunity and luck. Only a "happy" place cannot achieve its "happy", it must also be in a "happy" time. When the author and the people of Chuzhou happened to encounter this "happy" opportunity, how could they not feel lucky? The author's "joy" at the time of writing is written from four aspects. The first is the longevity of "joy". Chuzhou was a battleground for military strategists during the Five Dynasties, and there was no stability at all. However, Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin "tried to use the Zhou division" to pacify the place. In the author's era, it is no longer possible to find the relics of the war, because "all the old people are gone", "the world has been at peace for a long time", and the people "rest and recuperate, and the peace has lasted for a hundred years." . The second is the source of "joy". The distant origin is "the Tang Dynasty lost its power, the country was divided, and heroes fought together", while the near origin is "the Song Dynasty received the destiny, and the saints emerged from all over the world". To put it bluntly, the source of this "pleasure" is actually the Emperor of the Song Dynasty. It was he who "relyed on dangers, shoveled and wasted away, and in a hundred years, the mountains were high and the water was clear." The third is the state of "joy". Since we are in a "happy" place and a "happy" time, how do the people "happy"? Look, "Today Chujie is between the Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers, where merchants, merchants and guests from all over the world can't come. People's livelihood does not involve foreign affairs, but they are content with food and clothing, and enjoy life and death." Expressed in more modern terms, it is "the people have enough food and clothing, live and work in peace and contentment, live and die naturally, and let nature take its course, creating an idyllic scenery." Therefore, the author "Japanese people in Chu look up at the mountains, bend down and listen to the springs; they smell the fragrance of the trees shaded by the wind and frost. The ice and snow are delicately carved, and the scenery of the four seasons is all lovely." How comfortable it is! This is the life that Tao Yuanming even dreamed of back then. Now Ouyang Xiu and the people of Chuzhou in the Song Dynasty can live. This kind of "happiness", How can an outsider experience this? The fourth is the thought of "pleasure". People often say: Drink water and remember its source. Now that you have tasted the sweetness of "happiness", let's have "happiness" and think at the same time - let the people "know the merits and virtues" and "know that those who enjoy the joy of a good life will be lucky to have nothing to do". And the author has not forgotten that it is his duty to "preach kindness". In the process of "joy", let the people repay their kindness with kindness and understand that this "happiness" is hard-won and should be cherished even more to support the Zhao and Song Dynasties. This is also the deep connotation of this article.
The "happiness" of dealing with others - orderliness and harmony. The author Ouyang Xiushi was the governor of Chuzhou and an official of the imperial court. If he only knew that he enjoyed "pleasure" and was intoxicated among the mountains and rivers and indulged in the beautiful scenery, then it would not be true "pleasure". The real "happiness" lies with the people, in the folk customs and the people's wishes, which is what Mencius said, "having fun with the people." Ouyang Xiu knew this very well, so he understood the sentiments of the people, cared about the sufferings of the people, managed Chuzhou in an orderly manner, and got along harmoniously with the people. "The customs are peaceful and leisurely", "Fortunately, its people are happy with the abundance of food, and they are happy to travel with you." People like to travel with themselves, so how can they not enjoy themselves to the fullest and become extremely happy?
This prose integrates narrative, discussion, lyricism and description. It starts with "Happiness" and ends with "Happiness". "Happiness" runs throughout. The scenery is pleasant, the emotions are moving, and the reasoning is enlightening. . His "The Drunkard's Pavilion" makes people "drunk" along with it, and his "Feng Lok Pavilion" makes people feel "enjoyed" along the way. They are truly worthy of being handed down from generation to generation as companion works. Of course, we must also realize that these two essays indirectly and implicitly express the author's anger and injustice in "joy" and "drunkness".
Reading classical poetry works, like reading other literary works, involves two processes and levels: understanding and appreciation. Understanding refers to understanding the meaning of words, sentences, paragraphs, and the main idea of ??the whole text of poetry. That is to find out what it means. Appreciation refers to identifying and appreciating the expressive power of a work's language, writing method, and chapter structure, identifying and appreciating its thoughts, feelings, and social significance of the theme, and making appropriate evaluations of all of this, that is, appreciating how well it is written. , how to achieve the unity of content and form, so as to appreciate its artistic charm.
Understanding and appreciation are closely related and cannot be separated. Understanding is the foundation, and appreciation is the deepening and improvement based on understanding.
If one only seeks to understand classical poetry when reading it, without appreciating the expressive power of its accurate choice of words and sentences, appropriate use of writing methods, and clever arrangement of chapter structure, as well as its positive and healthy thoughts and feelings and the social significance of its themes, It is difficult to achieve good results in the above two aspects. For example, understanding is like stepping into the threshold of a famous painting exhibition hall; appreciation is like appreciating the exhibits in that hall. It is important to cross the threshold, but even more important is to appreciate the exhibits.
It is difficult for most students to understand and appreciate classical poetry works. This is because they are relatively far away from the present era, and poetry has its own unique aspect compared with other literary works. Excellent poetry, highly focused. For lyric poems, they always intercept scenes with typical significance in life, describe specific images, create artistic conceptions, and express emotions; for narrative poems, they always describe things with typical significance, shape phenomena with typical significance, and reflect Broad and profound social content. Good poetry often has meaning beyond the phenomenon it describes. The high concentration of poetry determines the particularly concise characteristics of its language. If the language of prose is said to be flowing, then the language of poetry is jumping. The jumping style of poetry and certain language that seems to have no direct connection between sentences are also suitable for expressing the poet's emotions. Excellent poetry with vivid images. The image of poetry is reflected in the image of language and even more in the description of image. Excellent narrative poems, of course, create typical characters; excellent lyric poems always describe the images of various objective things, and reveal or imply the poet's own image. Excellent poetry, rich in rhythm and music. Rhythm and musicality enhance the emotional color of poetic language. Therefore, this unit focuses on cultivating students’ ability to appreciate works based on understanding words and sentences.
1. Understand the context in which poetry is written. Literature is the weather meter of the times. Each era has its own civilization, and each era has its own poetic style. Understanding the author's life experiences and the historical background of the author's creation, including the atmosphere of the times, geographical environment and social customs, so as to put oneself in the poet's shoes and figure out the poet's state of mind, and use imagination to fill in the gaps described in the poem, are the key to understanding and appreciating the work. Base. For example, when studying Qu Yuan's "Li Sao", you must first understand Qu Yuan's life and events. He was born into a noble family of the Chu State, received a good cultural education, and was trusted by King Huai. In the midst of the warring states and the warring states, he hoped that the Chu State could complete the great cause of unifying China. For this reason, he advocated uniting Qi to resist Qin, promoting talents and innovating politics in order to revitalize the Chu state. However, he was slandered and persecuted by the pro-Qin old aristocratic group in the Chu state, and was demoted and exiled by King Huai. After entering the country, the country was about to perish. He threw himself into the Miluo River in grief and anger. It can be seen that his life was spent in long-term sorrow and exile. By reading "Li Sao" on this basis, we can understand his purpose of describing his life experience, ambitions and being attacked by traitors. He also has a better understanding of his ambition to pursue "beautiful politics" without regrets despite being framed by slanderers.
2. Be able to understand and interpret the verses in the text. The characteristics of poetic language are concise, concentrated and full of leaps. It is necessary to accurately grasp the meaning of words and sentences based on the context. For example, "The birds in the pond are nostalgic for the old forest, and the fish in the pond are thinking about the old abyss" (Tao Yuanming's "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields"). When understanding these two lines of poems, one must be able to understand the meaning of "ji bird", "old forest", "pond fish" and "guyuan"; one must understand that "old" and "old" are intertextual; one must understand these two lines The poem continues with the narration that the poet accidentally fell into the "dusty net" of the officialdom, and was like a "fettered bird" or a "fish in a pond" that could not be free, so he longed for the "old forest" and "old abyss" and longed to return to the embrace of nature, expressing his The mood of eagerness to return to the countryside; we must understand that the poet uses "restrained birds" and "pond fish" as comparisons, which are very appropriate. They not only echo the "dust net" in the previous part, but also foreshadow the "fan cage" in the following text.
3. We should be good at "question eye" and "poetry eye". "Tieye" is the title of a poem. "Poetic eyes" are the key words and key sentences in a poem that convey the main idea. Grasping the "question eye" and "poetry eye" is to find the key to understanding and appreciating poetry. For example, in "Li Sao", the sentence "Fu Qingbai will be upright until death, and he will consolidate the kindness of the past saints" reflects Qu Yuan's uprightness and righteousness. The sentence "I have good intentions, even though I died nine times, I still have no regrets" expresses his integrity in adhering to the truth and devoting himself to his ideals. "Everyone enjoys his or her own life, but I only take it as a good practice" reflects his thoughts of self-purification and self-improvement. By reading these sentences, you can better understand the intention expressed in the poem. 4. To reasonably supplement the image. Poetry is general. In the process of appreciation, readers must use their own imagination to supplement and expand the life picture of the work to obtain a complete and rich image beauty. However, this kind of supplement should not be done as you please regardless of the image of the work, but should be based on reasonable imagination based on the artistic image provided by the work. For example, when appreciating "The White Horse", it is necessary to understand the poet's use of narrative techniques to describe the heroic image of a brave and agile young man. It is even more necessary to spread the wings of imagination and imagine the wonderful shooting skills of this young ranger by "raising your hand to catch a flying zodiac dog and leaning down to scatter a horse's hooves". "Cunning as a monkey and as brave as a leopard" imagine the action scenes of agility. 5. Be empathetic to the object and think about the ideological meaning of the work actively. To appreciate poetry, one must truly enter the social scene of the work, breathe and share the fate of the characters described by the author, and experience the author's emotions from the characters' joy, anger, sorrow, and joy.
For example, when appreciating the characters in "The Peacock Flies Southeast", one should understand the author's ideological tendency from the conflicts between Liu Lanzhi and Jiao's mother and brother, and understand the characters' psychology from the emotional world of Lanzhi and Zhongqing. Trajectories of change and conflict of ideas. On the contrary, without real experience of the characters' thoughts and feelings, it is difficult to understand the rich implications on the basis of grasping the characters' thoughts and personalities. 6． To accurately understand the artistic conception of poetry. The theme of poetry is usually expressed with the help of artistic conception. Artistic conception is an artistic realm formed by the fusion of the author's thoughts and feelings and the picture of life depicted. The way to appreciate the artistic conception is to grasp the picture and atmosphere of the poem, and to understand the "this feeling" of "this person" in "this time" and "this scene". When appreciating, one must understand the way in which emotion and scenery are combined in poetry, that is, describing one's feelings in the scene, expressing one's thoughts directly, embodying feelings in the scene, and intertwining scenes, etc., so as to understand the author's thoughts and grasp the main idea of ??the poem. For example, "Qin Feng·Wu Yi" uses the words "Tongpao", "Tongze" and "Tongshang" to show the scenes of soldiers overcoming difficulties and uniting to help each other. Write "repair my spear and spear", "repair my spear and halberd" and "repair my armor and soldier" to show the scene of soldiers preparing for war together. The theme of the work is expressed in the repeated chapters: to express the high emotions of the soldiers fighting against the enemy and rushing to the battlefield, and to reveal the noble inner world of the soldiers. 7． To be able to appreciate the artistic effect of poetry artistic techniques. This unit is mainly about understanding the artistic effects of Bixing and other artistic techniques on the basis of understanding the content of the work. Objectivity is diverse, so the application of comparison and evocation techniques in poetry is also diverse. From the perspective of metaphor, we must understand the four forms and functions of simile, metaphor, metonymy and metaphor. For example, in "Li Sao", Qu Yuan "made a show based on poetry and satirized and compared Xing". He compared loyalty with phoenixes and vanilla, used evil beasts and smelly things to compare with traitors, used fragrant and clean food to compare with noble quality, and used the lost carriage and horse to compare with melancholy and frustration. . From the perspective of Xing, Xing is mainly divided into two types: First, Xing is triggered by touching things, such as the third and fourth chapters of "Mang". Natural phenomena are used to compare the changes in the protagonist's love life, and the poems about Xing are used to express feelings. Poems about life inspire readers to associate, enhance meaning, and produce vivid and poetic artistic effects. The second is to support things, such as the first two sentences of "Peacock Flying Southeast". The use of the peacock's lost spouse to revive himself adds to the tragic atmosphere of the poem.