According to the statistics of Sui Shusen's Jin Yuan Sanqu, there are more than 60 authors/kloc-0, with more than 3,800 poems and more than 400 episodes. The representative writer is Ma Zhiyuan. Such as his poem (Tianjingsha):
Old vines and faint crows, small bridges and flowing water. The ancient road is sparse, the sun sets, and heartbroken people are in the end of the world.
It is like a faint ink painting, with only a few strokes, it outlines some distinctive things, renders a bleak and desolate artistic conception, and entrusts the bleak mood of the trip to Guanshan.
Sanqu has three genres: one is Xiao Ling, which is basically the same as Xiao Ling in ci, but almost monotonous; The second is the number of sets, which are organized according to different tonality such as "Huang Zhong", "Lu Nan" and "Shuang Yin". Third, there is a band, which selects two or three duets from the fixed number.
Compared with the tone of words, Sanqu has its own characteristics: first, it can add interlinings to formal cases. For example, "Huaying Village is in a tight ambush, but the flag is raised and it will definitely win. Who dares to fight with my mother? " Among them, "de", "Dan" and "who" are all pad words. After adding these interlining, it is closer to spoken English and more vivid. Second, the combination of levels makes the rhyme more dense, and it is more beautiful whether reading or singing. Third, avoid repetition of words. Therefore, the style of Sanqu is generally more vigorous than that of Ci.
sanqu
It is a combination of long and short sentences and music. After a long period of brewing, it absorbed some popular folk lyrics and national music in the Song and Jin Dynasties, and gradually formed a new form of poetry. Jin and Yuan Dynasties were popular in the north, so Sanqu was also called Beiqu. It includes two main forms: small orders and copies.
Sanqu is also called "Qingqu" and "Yuefu". It has two basic types: poetry and divertimento. The so-called poem mainly refers to a single song, but it also includes "taking a song" and "replying a poem". Among them, the former refers to the combination of three or less singles in the same palace tune, with the same rhyme; The latter is composed of several poems, which should have the same theme and tone, the same content and syntax, and each poem can rhyme separately. As for the customization of "divertimento", there are generally three characteristics: first, the whole set must rhyme consistently; Second, there is an end; The third is a combination of more than two songs with the same palace tune. The divertimento expresses relatively complex content with its long length, either lyrical, narrative or both.
Sanqu and traditional Chinese opera are different, but they are closely related. Wang Shizhen, a critic in the Ming Dynasty, thought that Yuanqu was evolved from the early "Ci". Since the Jin and Yuan Dynasties entered China, the Hu music used has become noisy and fast, and it is difficult to get in tune with the previous words, so a "new voice" has emerged. It can be seen that Sanqu came with northerners entering the Central Plains and became popular in the streets. Later, Sanqu was absorbed by literati and became a professional creation.
Sanqu has a variety of themes, from which we can appreciate the profound Taoism and its ideological significance. First of all, in pastoral landscape works, the spirit of "Taoism is natural" can be said to be full of it. Sanqu writers express their distant interests through the description of natural scenery, so as to integrate themselves with nature. Secondly, in the theme of chanting poems, the author used many images to decorate the fairyland and expressed his admiration for Taoism. Thirdly, on the theme of chanting history, the author praises the quiet life of hermits through longitudinal tracing, which embodies the aesthetic feelings of riding the wind and waves. In terms of artistic expression, Sanqu related to the taste of Daomen is good at setting off the ethereal and indifferent artistic conception, and its style is natural and simple, which is thought-provoking.