( 1)
In front of Mount Cisse, egrets fly freely, plump mandarin fish swim happily on the river, and peaches floating on the water are so bright and full. An old man in the bank, wearing a green bamboo hat raincoat and a green raincoat, braved the wind and rain and fished leisurely. He was fascinated by the beautiful spring scenery and didn't even go home in the rain.
(2)
The fishermen on the fishing platform are as brown as fur and set sail in twos and threes. Being able to ride the wind and waves, the white waves of the Yangtze River have never been worried.
(3)
If there are fishing birds in the creek bay, the boat lives in the west and east. Snow on the river, wind blowing on my face, wearing clothes with a smile.
(4)
The owner of Songjiang Crab House is happy, and pure soup is also rice. Maple leaves have fallen, flowers have withered, and drunken fishing boats don't feel cold.
(5)
Caoqinghu is full moon, and Baling fishermen sing. Catch a car, catch a boat and enjoy the immortal storm.
On the Fisherman's Ci by Zhang, a famous Taoist priest in Tang Dynasty
rainbow
Zhang was a famous Taoist priest in the middle Tang Dynasty, named Xuanzhenzi. Yinshan, Huiji, Jinhua, Wu Yun. Be knowledgeable, good at painting and calligraphy, good at singing, and like flute. 16 years, he cited the Ming Classics, which won the appreciation of Su Zong, ordered him to write books for Hanlin, and Sargingo was awarded documents to join the army. Sit back and watch Nanpu Wei demote, then forgive him; I lost my family and stopped being an official. He lived in seclusion in the eastern suburb of Huiji, calling himself a "heavy smoker". He Zhi befriended Yan Zhenqing, Lu Yu and others. Visiting Yan Zhenqing, I sang the first five songs "Fisherman" (also known as "Fisherman's Song", which was changed to "Fisherman's Song" after the Song Dynasty, and the inscription name is today), which has a good reputation and has never been lost. He also wrote three volumes of Xuanzhenzi, which was collected in the collected Taoist scriptures.
These five words are found in all Tang poems. In the following, the author only discusses several problems of "Fisherman's Ci".
First, the time when Xuanzhenzi visited Yan Zhenqing in Huzhou.
Because this problem involves the writing time of fisherman's words, it must be clarified first.
Yan Zhenqing left his post in August (772) in Dali, Tang Daizong, and came from Fuzhou, Jiangxi. From September to Tokyo, except for the secretariat of Huzhou (now Xing Wu, Zhejiang), it departed from Tokyo in November and arrived in the first month of eight years. (See: Tang wrote Travel Notes of Yan, Song Liuyuan just wrote Chronicle of Yan) Hearing the news, he went to visit Hui Jiyin on the boat. An article said that it was "autumn and August in the ninth year of Dali (774), and the news was really clear in Huzhou", which was inaccurate.
Second, Xuanzhenzi sang "Fisherman" for the first time.
In the spring of the eighth year of Dali, Yan Zhenqing drank wine with his disciples Xuanzhenzi, Lu Yu, Xu and Li, and sang the word "fisherman". His first song is five harmony words (the fifth word of each sentence uses the word "no"):
( 1)
In front of Mount Cisse, egrets fly freely, plump mandarin fish swim happily on the river, and peaches floating on the water are so bright and full. An old man in the bank, wearing a green bamboo hat raincoat and a green raincoat, braved the wind and rain and fished leisurely. He was fascinated by the beautiful spring scenery and didn't even go home in the rain.
(2)
The fishermen on the fishing platform are as brown as fur and set sail in twos and threes. Being able to ride the wind and waves, the white waves of the Yangtze River have never been worried.
(3)
If there are fishing birds in the creek bay, the boat lives in the west and east. Snow on the river, wind blowing on my face, wearing clothes with a smile.
(4)
The owner of Songjiang Crab House is happy, and pure soup is also rice. Maple leaves have fallen, flowers have withered, and drunken fishing boats don't feel cold.
(5)
Caoqinghu is full moon, and Baling fishermen sing. Catch a car, catch a boat and enjoy the immortal storm.
Yan, Lu, Xu and Li immediately wrote five songs each, and * * got 25 songs. "While paying tribute, I ordered painters to cut vegetarian dishes and write scenery clips. In a short time, five books were written, including flowers, birds, fish and insects, mountains and rivers, and wonderful traces. Today, there is no connection, but Zhenqing and all the guests spread it and were amazed. "(Southern Tang Shen powder" Continued Fairy Biography ")
Thirdly, The Fisherman has a great influence on Chinese ci circles.
On the same day, Zhang made peace with the princes, and his brother heard that he was afraid that he could not return to the wild and urged him to return quickly. I once wrote a song "Fisherman" with my brother.
Happiness is storm fishing or leisure, and the pine trees in the thatched cottage win the climb. Taihu Lake, Dongting Mountain, when the wind and waves rise, you must return. (See "Complete Tang Poetry")
Later, during the reign of Tang Xianzong (806-820), he asked for a portrait of Xuanzhenzi's fishing songs, but now it is gone. It was not until the second year of Mu Zong Changqing (822) that it was acquired by Li Deyu. In April of that year, he wrote a Record of Xuanzhenzi's Fishing Songs, saying: "Deyu is in the inner court, and Fu Yi's Portrait of Xianzong asks for Xuanzhenzi, so you can't sigh. Yu Sheng and Xuanzhen are old, knowing their names long ago, and thinking about them when they feel different. Now every dream relic has been obtained, as if it were a good baby. " (Author's Note: The date written at the end of the article is: "Evergreen is three years old, Jiayin is one year old, summer and April". Looking up the historical chronicles, the third year of Changqing is not "Jia Yin" but "Gui Mao" and the second year of Changqing is "Ren Yin", so it can be concluded that "Jia Yin" should be "Ren Yin" and "Three years of Changqing" should be "Two years of Changqing". In this way, it also spread to Japan with the word "fisherman" mentioned later. ) Li Deyu got Xuanzhenzi's "Fisherman's Ci", and recorded it and spread it at home and abroad.
Most of the Tang poems at that time have been lost, and only 15 poems are included in the Collection of Hui Jin compiled by people in the early Song Dynasty, or these fifteen poems were written by Yan, Lu, Xu, Li and Xuanzhenzi at that time. Now, choose five of them with the word "No" in the fifth sentence:
Wuling has no neighbors, and Sichuan geese are relatives. The wind touches the shore, the waves shake, and the grass lamp is invisible.
Look at the flowers on both sides of the river. They are extremely remote, and the blue waves are rippling and clear. A lonely boat is small, and the letter is oblique. That Tingzhou is not home.
There is a breeze on Dongting Lake, and the wind touches the center of the lake. Orchids are fast, grass is light, and only bass are caught.
The stern is due to the strength of the ship, while the thunderstorm at the river head is semi-harmonious. Take care, long wave, midnight tide.
Occasionally, the bait grows, and neither the fish nor the boat can do it. With the distance, * * * ups and downs, everything is light but not deep.
In addition, the words of Liu Zongyuan, Nan Zhuo and Xuanzhenzi have also been lost. There are still thirty-nine "Fishing Songs" written by Buddhist monk Chuanzi in Tang Dynasty. Except for the first three songs, everything else is the same as Xuanzhenzi's 77337 grammar. Record two of them below:
A leaf is empty, a pole is empty, and you can sit on a smoky beach without knowing anything. Forget the loss, sad and happy, but teach people how to call it.
How can you become a career if you are alone? Throw away the years, lie in the haze and stay at home.
Mr. Shi Zhecun said: "The fisherman's career is celebrated with the violin, but with Zen", "the same as Zhang Yufu's ci. Therefore, the boat monk is related to ci "(Song of Boat Monk Bo Zi contains the second issue of ci).
In the Five Dynasties, Li Yu, queen of the Southern Tang Dynasty, wrote two fishermen.
The waves mean a thousand miles of snow, and the peach blossoms are silent. How many people are happy with a pot of wine and a stick?
A spring breeze, a boat, a cocoon and a light hook. Flowers are full of Zhu, wine is full of Europe, and you are comfortable in the waves.
These two poems are included in the whole Tang poetry. Beautiful words reveal the yearning for seclusion.
During the late Jin Dynasty and the years of Ning and Tianfu, they once worshipped each other. He wrote a poem "Fisherman":
Angelica dahurica stands in the cold, when the wind gently cuts the waves. Smoke, electricity and electricity, the sun is prolonged, and the incense attracts hibiscus to provoke the fishing line.
People called his words "brilliant". But this is fresh and refined.
A poem "Fisherman" by Li Xun, a poet of Huajian School in the former Shu Dynasty;
Scared gulls splash their robes, and their shadows hang down with the water in the pool. Drunk all day, exhausted, I have seen qiantang bore in August.
Li Xun visited Wang Yan, the monarch of Shu in advance. He died as an official, entertained himself and wrote more about his boudoir. This word describes the interest of seclusion, vivid and concise.
In Song Dynasty, Zhen Xuan's Poem of the Fisherman was highly praised by two famous writers, Su Shi and Huang Tingjian. Dongpo added words to Xuanzhenzi's original work and changed it to Song of Huanxisha. The word yue:
Egrets fly in front of mount cisse, the sails outside yanghuazhou are small, and the peach blossoms are flowing and the mandarin fish are fat. Self-protection with a green bamboo hat, with green hemp fiber everywhere, oblique wind and drizzle do not need to return.
The preface to the word says: "Xuanzhenzi's" The Fisherman's Ci "(the initial word is abbreviated) is wonderful. If you wish you can't sing it, add numbers. Now you can sing it with" Huanxisha ".
Since then, Dongpo has rewritten "Partridge Day":
In front of Mount Cisse, egrets fly freely, plump mandarin fish swim happily on the river, and peaches floating on the water are so bright and full. The imperial court is still looking for Xuanzhenzi. Where can there be more poems today? An old man in the bank, wearing a green bamboo hat raincoat and a green raincoat, braved the wind and rain and fished leisurely. He was fascinated by the beautiful spring scenery and didn't even go home in the rain. The world wants to avoid the wind and rain, and the wind and rain are twelve o'clock a day.
Preface: "Cousin Li Ru said:" The Fisherman's Ci "is more melodious when sung with" Partridge Sky ",but after listening to a few words, Xuanzhenzi is left behind." (Jin's "Sixty Masters of Song Dynasty" strayed into "Valley Ci")
Huang Tingjian also changed "Fisherman's Ci" into "Huanxisha".
Word cloud:
The bride's head is sad, and her daughter Pukou is affectionate, surprised that the fish mistakenly hooked the moon. There is nothing in front of the green bamboo hat, rest at the bottom of the green bamboo hat, and the oblique wind and drizzle turn to the bow.
Valley rewrote the word, quite complacent. Liu Xizai in the Qing Dynasty said in "Introduction to Art": "The egret in Zhang's" Fishing Songs "flew in front of Cisai Mountain, and it was romantic for ages ... Huanggu tasted it as" Huanxisha "and sang it with a sigh."
Zhang is famous for his Ci between Song Huizong's Politics and Xuanhe, and his Ci of Luchuan contains a poem "The Fisherman's Passion-A Picture of the Title". A proof that Xuanzhenzi's "Fisherman's Ci" was circulated at this time: Secondly, it shows that he wrote a word because he was infected by Zhen Xuan's sub-picture. Word cloud:
The clouds around the fishing cap are green, green and sunny, and the riverside is misty. Bai Niao flew downwind to collect nylon, and the fisherman clapped his hands and smiled. The moon can't take the same photo in space, the floating house is forgotten, the city is busy and cold, and the smoke is old. Who can create leisure troubles?
This poem written by Zhen Xuan's deeds can also be said to be an adaptation of Zhen Xuan's fishing songs.
Song Gaozong also wrote fifteen poems with "The Fisherman's Poems", which was included in "Baoqing Hui Ji Xu Zhi". Select the first two songs as follows:
A lake of spring water, the afterlife comes at night. Several stacks of spring mountains are far more horizontal. The smoking boat is small and the fishing line is light, which has won an eternal reputation in leisure.
The dusk is green, and the river is bright and bright. Longitudinal distance, suitable for cats, underwater floating clouds flying debris.
"Preface to the Fifteenth Poem" says: "On July 10th of the first year of Shaoxing, the rest will be reviewed. Because I read fifteen poems by Zhang, written by Huang Tingjian (note: written by Tang people and Xuanzhenzi), the script has the same rhyme, so I gave it to Xin Yongzong. " Geng said that his fisherman's ci was "fresh and simple, which prepared for the style of Li Sao".
Five words on Lu You s imitation of Yu Gezi in Southern Song Dynasty;
( 1)
It is raining at the foot of Fan Shi Mountain, where there are three fragrant new green awnings. Apple leaves are green, and few flowers are red. Looking back on fame and dreams.
(2)
The clear mountains are dripping with blue green water, and fishing boats gather and disperse again and again. Cross the north, break the bridge south and sail from the side of the canopy.
(3)
Mirror lake is clear, glass boat. Dance, sleep, don't be a fairy, be a narcissus.
(4)
It's rainy in Xianghu Lake, the rice is newly cooked and the spoon is slippery. After the clouds disappear, when the moon is slanting, the tide falls and the boat is drunk.
(5)
Chang' an paid homage to several officials, and the fisherman lay awake drunk. The smoke boat is small and the fishing boat is fishy, pointing out that Meishan is a bit green.
The contemporary poetess said in the article Reading Notes of the Fisherman: "There are two sides to letting go of Weng's poems, which are characterized by leisure and imagination."
Between the lines also expressed the personal indignation that the small court in the Southern Song Dynasty could not Ren Xian and let the patriotic hero die in vain.
From the end of the Yuan Dynasty to the Jin Dynasty, although Ci has tended to decline, there are still some literati who like to copy Xuanzhenzi's Fisherman's Ci. For example, Jin Shizong's grandson Hong Yan has two fishermen's poems:
( 1)
Before the wind blows, the leaves are white, and the lotus is green in the rain. Redmi is beautiful, rich in brocade and scales, playing fishing flutes under the moon.
(2)
When catching fish, you can read while lying down, and the wine gourd is firmly placed in the bow. Willow in smoke, pu in rain, begging for pictures with the world.
During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of Jin Dynasty, Zhao Bingwen, Minister of Rites, wrote two songs "Fishing Songs":
( 1)
A Ye Fei is in the air, a boat is flying in the air, and the sunset is half autumn. Qingcaodu, Baipingzhou and Yueming Mountain in Gui Lu.
(2)
White-headed people on the white-headed waves, yellow leaves cross the west yellow leaf village. A few mountains, full of wine, the sunset west wind delivered to the door.
Zhao Mengfu, a famous writer and painter in Yuan Dynasty, wrote two poems "Fisherman".
( 1)
Smoke waves are like a leaf boat, and the west wind falls in the autumn tree lake. Alliance gulls and herons are so proud that they don't even take the bait.
(2)
Nong went to Zhenze County, Wu Dong, where he went fishing every day. Mountains are like green, and wine is like oil.
Zhao Mengfu's wife Guan Daosheng (word Zhong Ji, word Yao Ji) also has four "fisherman's words":
( 1)
Imagine the mountain hall as a number of trees and plums, as well as cold ling and jade pistil to send to the south branch. The bright moon shines on the mountains, and the breeze blows, just for the sake of fragrance and bitterness.
(2)
Looking south at Wu Xinglu 4,000, when will you return to Ruoxi River? Fame and fortune, pay the daily salary, and hook the fishing rod into the boat with a smile.
(3)
Being in Yanshan Mountain, near the palace, I miss Soochow day and night. Pour wine, silver carp, new fish, except leisure.
(4)
Being a prince is expensive, and being rich and famous is not free. Struggle, like a boat, make love to the moon and go home to rest.
Zhao Mengfu, the imperial clan of the Song Dynasty, went to the Yuan Dynasty to pay a visit to Hanlin's bachelor, but his wife and husband were absent. They have an insight into the corruption of officialdom, despise fame and fortune, pursue a free life and miss home, so they imitate Xuanzhenzi's original work to write Four Fishermen. When Song Xue saw it, he said, "The fisherman's words are all words of persuasion, and there is no intention of being greedy for glory." (See Chronology of Yuan Poetry)
Zhang Yu, a Taoist priest in the Yuan Dynasty, wrote two poems, The Fisherman's Poem-Praising the Boat Monk. One of them said: there is no need to catch more gold scales, then capsize and sing. I'm still here. How's it going? Ask Zhang of Nong's family. The word "Jin Quan Yuan Ci" clearly points out that the Song of Bo Zi by Chuanzi monk is quoted from the Poem of Fisherman by Xuanzhenzi.
In the Ming dynasty, ci declined, and in the Qing dynasty, it began to recover. During the reign of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, the famous poet Nalan Xingde wrote a well-known "Fisherman's Song":
Autumn wind is not as good as autumn wind to cut hibiscus. People are dizzy. The water is misty, blowing into the reed flute.
Mr. Zhang said in "On Ci": See Xu's "The Fisherman's Map of Fengjiang" for this word. At that time, there were quite a few writers ... they all had seven unique poems. But Rong Ruo's poem says. Time is better than running water, and salty words can be immortal with Zhang's "Fishing Songs". "
In China, there is only one poem, Egrets Fly in front of Mount Cisse, and the imitation of the past dynasties quoted above is only to illustrate the far-reaching influence of this word on the prosperity and development of Chinese literature. Due to the limitation of space, some literati's imitations have to be reluctant to record. For example, Chen Wang in the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhenwu and Zhou Xun in the Yuan Dynasty, Plum Blossom Taoists and so on.
Zhang's first poem "Fishing Song" has been selected by almost all the edited and published "Selected Ancient Poems", and almost all people who love classical poetry can recite it with relish.
Fourthly, Japanese words originated from the Fisherman written by Xuanzhenzi.
The time when Xuanzhenzi's Five Poems of Fisherman's Father was introduced into Japan should be a period of time after Li Deyu won it in April of the second year of Changqing (822) and before the book of Poems of Fisherman's Father of Emperor Ji was written in the spring of the fourteenth year of Hong Ren (823). According to Japanese scholar Ichiro Tian Jian in the article The Origin of Lyrics: "When was the Fisherman's Song written by the Emperor of Jiangxi? ..... On February 14th, Emperor Hong Ren of the Emei Sect was lucky in Hemao Temple. On April 16th of the same year, he gave way to his younger brother, Emperor Chunren. " In the spring of the eighth year of Tang Dali (773), Xuanzhenzi wrote Fisherman for exactly 50 years, and Li Deyu wrote his lyrics for exactly one year.
Twelve * * * songs of Fishing sung by the Emperor and the Prince of Emei, among which the five songs of the Emperor are:
( 1)
Crossing the river is chaotic, and the fisherman gets on the boat late. In the spring, when greed is insatiable, I beg the fish not to be blown by the wind.
(2)
The fisherman didn't remember the years, but drowned along the old boat. The heart is self-effective, gulls are always alive, and peach blossoms and spring water lead to idleness.
(3)
Crossing the river bridge under the youth forest, the lake floated into the sky. Smoke in Lang Ke, fishing boats are far away, and there is no fixed ebb and flow.
(4)
Fishing by the stream, Nale River, there are many homeless people and water accommodation in the world. Fishing drunk, singing alone, fluttering with the surging waves.
(5)
In spring, the river is sunny, and the night on both sides is brighter. Perch soup, water shield soup, accompanied by moonlight after meals.
Kanda Koichiro said: "Reading Imperial Imperial Imperial System E shows that this is a parody of the famous Imperial Song by Zhang in the Tang Dynasty." "Zhang's original work ... is a five-character couplet, each one is unique, and the word" no "is used as the fifth word of the sentence. In the imperial system of Emei, the word "Dai" was used in the fifth word of every sentence, and so was the technique. It can be seen that Emperor Zhang was based on his works. After reading two works, I only feel a kind of elegance and dilute my interest in it; The emperor not only imitated the form of the original, but also went deep into the essence of the original. This kind of realm is fooled. " (See "The Origin of Lyrics" above)
Prince Naoko's Service for Peace and Imperialism has two works:
A bald man knows that no one is old and will not go fishing by the river tomorrow. Tao Xiang Zi Li, don't honor me.
The spring water is blue and blue. From then on, the fisherman was alone. He, he sings, and sings peace in the pool.
The fifth word of every sentence is "send".
Zi Ye Zhen's five poems "Serving the Imperial System", of which the third and fourth poems were selected:
The green water is long and the years are deep, and the songs and waves are tireless. The sand lane roared, jiaozi sang, and the mountain wind blew into the mountains.
The Yangtze River is connected with Wan Li, and Shui Xin does not lose Pubu. I used to live in the mountains, but now I live in the water and go fishing in Chunxi alone.
The word "Jin" is used in the fifth word of each knot. "Zhen master as a first-rate scholar at that time, is well-deserved. But as far as the lyrics are concerned, it seems that they can't be praised any more. Let's just say that this "Fishing Song" is a bit awkward, such as "Tao is like a horse, turbulence is like an ox" (the second song) and "I used to live in the mountains, but now I live in the water", which all seem childish. " "Prince Naoko deserves to be the best among talented women. What he did, no matter from his will or wording, made Ye Zi Zhu Zhen stare behind his back, not to mention the work of a seventeen-year-old girl." (Comment by Noda Yoshihiko)
Xia, a contemporary poetess in China, has a quatrain cloud of "The Japanese Emperor" in Qu You Ci Lun and Strange Word Order:
Cherry blossoms explode with wind and thunder, and a pulse is full of sorrow.
And the world is warm and pleasant, and peach blossoms bloom all over Penglai.
Of course, the "rugged pulse", including Princess Naoko and Prince, has become a master of this new thing in Japanese ci. When they sang "Peace between the monarch and the minister", the sound of nature shocked the cherry blossom country like thunder, and also made Wen, a contemporary poet in China, beaming (note: Wen was only about ten years old at that time. "North Dream" refers to "Zhong Kui of Literature"). The last sentence refers to the emperor's ci originated from China Zhang's Fisherman.
Modern Lu Jian said at the end of his book "The Spread of Zhang (Fisherman) and the Origin of Japanese Fill in the Blank": "It is not easy to write lyrics according to the unique metrical requirements and artistic techniques in China more than 1,160 years ago! ..... Especially the cragginess was advocated by the emperor, so they began to learn from each other, went forward bravely and got married. This is consistent with China's poems under the system of Emperor Hong Wen. This is a clear evidence of the long history of friendly exchanges between China and Japan, a beautiful talk in the thousand-year history of Chinese and Japanese characters, and a model for inspiring people to promote cultural exchanges between China and Japan. " (See "The Spread and Influence of China Classics in Japan", edited by Lu Jian and Wang Yong, published by Hangzhou University Press in February, 1990).
Verb (abbreviation of verb) conclusion
To sum up, Zhang's "Fisherman" is the pioneering work of Tang poetry. Because of its strong artistic charm, it can be "romantic" and famous at home and abroad; It had a great influence on the birth and development of China's Ci, thus winning the honor of "the ancestor of Ci". As Mr. Shi Zhecun said: "The relationship between Xuanzhenzi and Ci lies in his Five Fishermen's Ci, which is also the ancestor of Tang Ci." ("Zhang He and His Fisherman's Ci" is contained in the second anthology. ) Mr. Tan Zhengbi said in the entry "Zhang" in the Dictionary of China Writers: "His fishing songs were later promoted to be the ancestor of poets as a whole." It is generally believed in academic circles that Zhang is a pioneer in writing lyrics for literati. Or Li Bai is the birth mother of Ci, nurtured by Zhang, Wang Jian and others.
Zhang deserves to be called "the ancestor of Ci" and "the wet nurse of Ci". Finally, it ends with the quatrains in Mr. Xia's Zhang. The quatrains cloud:
I can't write poetry, but I can't write folk songs and bamboo branches.
Who sings Xiao Shao crossing the sea and fusang for thousands of years?
note:
Xiao Shao (Shunle) refers to the word "fisherman" in Zhang Zhong.
"Goat Qiu Lao Zi" is a compliment to Zhang Gaojie. Li Deyu said in the Record of Xuanzhenzi's Fishing Songs: Xuanzhenzi is "hidden and famous, not obvious, but not poor, and the ratio of Yan Guang is high!" Yan Guang, a native of the Eastern Han Dynasty, rarely traveled with Emperor Guangwu. After Emperor Guangwu acceded to the throne, he changed his name and disappeared. The emperor was hard to find. In addition to persuading the doctor, he hid in Fuchun Mountain and fished on the river in sheep's clothing. Xia compared the nobility to Zhang. The second sentence of this poem praises Zhang as a poet who is good at "wind ballads and bamboo branches". The last two words praised Zhang's fisherman's words, "Henghai" spread eastward for thousands of years.