The title of the poem is "A Roaring Tiger", which is a Yuefu Zaqu. In ancient times, there was a saying, "Hunger never comes from tigers, and dusk never comes from wild birds", hence the name. Both Cao Pi and Cao Cao wrote this work. The author's work was written in the period of political chaos in the Western Jin Dynasty. It follows the old topic of Gu Yuefu, and shows that ordinary people with lofty ideals, despite their integrity and careful consideration of their origins, are driven away by the times and find it difficult to maintain noble morality. However, after becoming an official, the years have passed, and I still have no achievements and feel depressed. I can't help being in a dilemma and feeling guilty. The author was born in a noble family, with his grandfather Lu Xun as the Prime Minister of Wu, his father as Wu Fu, and his father and grandparents as famous names, with outstanding achievements. He himself is "rare and talented, and his articles are the best in the world." History books say that he is "seven feet long and his voice is like thunder", and "crawl to Confucianism, and don't move until you are indecent." It can be seen that he is also a promising person. Unexpectedly, Wu died in Jin when he was only twenty years old, and his two brothers, He, also died in battle. At the end of Jin Taikang, he was called to Luoyang with his younger brother Lu Yun, and was appreciated by Zhang Hua, a senior official. Recommended by Zhang Hua, he offered wine to the official and wrote a book. Later, unfortunately, I fell into the circle of internal disputes within the ruling class. Jin Huidi Tai 'anchu (302-303), trusted by Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, was the post-general and the commander-in-chief of Hebei. On the one hand, he was slandered and envied by Wang Cui, Qian Xiu, Lu Zhi and Meng Jiu. His name is the main commander. In fact, his scheduling is invalid, and he is in a dilemma. The article "A fierce tiger walks" is timely. The sadness expressed in the poem is exactly what he really felt in his political life at that time. The whole poem is written through its own situation, with colorful words and high momentum.
This poem depicts an upright man. Although I am cautious and ill-timed, I only throw myself at any time, but it is difficult to become famous and I am in a dilemma. The gloomy and wandering mood in the poem is the expression of the poet's mind, and Geng Jie's thought of being unsociable and not drifting with the flow in the poem has certain progressive significance.
The first four sentences of the poem show that people with lofty ideals tend to be cautious and cherish their names, so they don't drink the water of stealing springs when they are thirsty, and they don't rest in the shade of evil trees when they are hot. It means: is it true that stealing spring water can't quench your thirst, and evil trees have no shade to rest? Because of the harsh names, such as "stealing springs" and "evil trees", people who lead an honest and clean life are unwilling to get involved casually, preferring to endure thirst and heat. (Stolen spring: water name, in today's Shandong Province. According to legend, Confucius was thirsty after stealing the spring, hated its name and did not drink its water. In the poem, evil trees and stealing springs are used as metaphors to describe the harsh political environment. At the beginning of Wu's death, the author "retired to his alma mater and studied hard behind closed doors for ten years". I didn't want to get involved in official career, so these four sentences are intended to express my original state of mind and use metaphors to see the painstaking efforts of people with lofty ideals.
Four sentences have been written all over the world, and people with lofty ideals have to respectfully sail out of the mountain to do their own work under the orders of the current monarch: however, the walking stick is far away and the road is hard, resulting in the situation of "eating in the den of the tiger when hungry and living in the forest of wild birds when cold", so they can't choose for themselves, and their hearts are even more shocked. The sentence "Hungry for food" is reversed from the sentence meaning of the ancient Yuefu poem "A tiger walks on a tiger", which shows that "hunger does not choose food, cold does not choose habitat", which is contrary to the original intention. In the poem "To Los Angeles", the author once said, "Look south, cry in the mysterious bamboo forest, go north and wade into the forest", and said, "Look up at the birds and admire your flying wings." It describes this kind of travel situation. It can be seen that although he has embarked on a journey, his attachment to his hometown is hard to restrain in his heart. What is reproduced here is the situation of that year.
Then, the author uses six sentences, such as "I owe it, I didn't build it", to tell me that after I became an official, time passed and I achieved nothing. At this time, I felt colder, which caused new worries. Clouds rise from the shore, and branches wail with the wind. Now it's touching the scene Although they wander between the valleys, sometimes whispering and sometimes screaming, they are still in a dilemma. The author vividly shows the complex depression and contradictions in his heart, and it is not difficult to imagine the difficulties of the political situation and the sadness of people with lofty ideals in trouble.
At the end of the poem, first, two sentences, such as "rushing without timidity", were used to further express his mind, lamenting that the black boy who had tightened his musical instrument could not make a timid sound. Chaste, bright and upright people must also express generous and upright words, which is different from popular customs, while ordinary gentlemen don't like to listen to outspoken advice, so "bright and upright" is "difficult to speak" and easy to succeed. At this point, the author reflects on his experience and life ambition in the past four years and makes a painful summary. "Life is honest and easy, and the clouds are scattered." Life is full of hardships, and it is even more difficult for people with lofty ideals to open their hearts and pour out their frustrations in troubled times. Although I am honest, it is impossible to hide in Shan Ye; It is also difficult to realize one's ambition, and it is also difficult to succeed in one's career. There are external forces involved in all actions. So when he cares about the past and the present, it is inevitable that he will feel guilty.
Looking at the whole poem as a whole, we can see that although the author wrote it to pour out his anguish, in content, he expressed his views according to his own political situation, which profoundly shows that an ambitious scholar must always be cautious and persistent about the source of his scattered articles. If he is not careful, he will be in a dilemma. The author's experience is a mirror for people with lofty ideals.
Tiger Walking can be said to be the representative work of Lu Ji. It has its own characteristics in ideological content and artistic techniques. Judging from the ideological content, the characteristic of this poem is that it shows the eugenics of poets since Wei and Jin Dynasties. The author was born in the Wei and Jin Dynasties (Wu Jin). This period is a turbulent era, with frequent turmoil and sharp and complicated social contradictions. Although there was a brief unification situation after the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, within the unified class, the conflict was more intense, and the flesh and blood ate each other, and the disaster did not immediately follow. Scholar-officials were also the most vulnerable in this period. They either go straight to avoid jealousy, or they are in danger. Although Lu Ji was not robbed when he wrote Roaring Tiger, he felt uneasy in the poem because he repeatedly lamented and showed the feeling of eugenics. "It is difficult to celebrate the festival", "It is not easy to be honest in life" and "the shame of the past and the present" are all faint sad calls from the deep heart. The poet's hidden pain is not easy to express, but can only be reflected in his works in a roundabout way, like a curtain lamp in the starry night, which vaguely reveals the political insider at that time. In his youth, Lu Ji was politically conceited and attached great importance to his ambition. However, in the adversity after Wu's death, he failed to stick to his ambition because of his poor fame. Later, although he realized the cruel reality, he couldn't extricate himself resolutely and finally wandered in disappointment and pain. This is the root cause of his anxiety about life in Walking Tiger.
Judging from the artistic technique of poetry, although Lu Ji's Riding a Tiger is written in imitation of Yuefu's lyric poetry, it not only keeps the simplicity and sincerity of Yuefu, but also injects new lyric content which is different from Yuefu's ancient words. Formally, it has also changed from a staggered sentence pattern with only four miscellaneous sentences in ancient lyrics to a long poem with five words as the main rhetorical device. In terms of content, in addition to the reasons for expressing feelings such as lodging and metaphor, the author's own ups and downs are also regarded as the main body of chanting, which greatly enriches the content that the original Yuefu system can contain and makes it a poem of chanting. The old saying of Yuefu in "A Fierce Tiger" is "Hungry does not eat tigers, and wild birds do not live at dusk. Wild birds have no nests? Who are the wanderers proud of? " Cao Pi, Wei Wendi, Cao Cao and Wei Mingdi, who were earlier than Lu Ji, all wrote The Roar of Tigers. Cao Pi's five words, three rhymes and six sentences, and Cao Cao's five words, five rhymes and ten sentences all have only one turning point in structure, while Lu Ji's book is full of twists and turns, which reflects the ingenious design of composition. Compared with that written by Cao Pi and his son, the change is remarkable. In addition to the first four words, there are innovative elements that are not bound by ancient Yuefu poems, which is one of the artistic characteristics of this paper.
This poem is antithetical. There are twelve lines in the middle of the poem, and the whole line is a antithesis. There are running vice, figurative vice and parallel vice. Some are just right, slow and steady, and some are perfect, which set a precedent for later Qi and Liang writers. The source of ancient poems in Qing Dynasty criticized Lu Ji's poems, thinking that he "wanted to be knowledgeable but not wise", but also admitted that "Shi Heng's poems also pushed others", which was the beginning of Qi Liang's specialization in antithesis, showing its influence on later generations. Luji also pays great attention to the precise carving of words. For example, there is a word "scary" under the cloud, which originally means "qi", but it is more vivid than the word "qi". Singing with the Wind is accompanied by a word "sound", which means "sound", but it is more elegant than the word "sound". The word "coward" in the sentence "there is no coward ring in a hurry" means "down" and its meaning is weak. The word "bright festival" in the sentence "bright festival is difficult to sound" originally refers to high festival, but the word "bright" actually means loyalty and faith. The words are extremely accurate and can highlight the situation.
Liu Xie's article "Wen Xin Diao Long Ti" said: "Scholars are important, so the feelings are complicated and the words are hidden." "Complex feelings" refers to feelings with many worries about life and thoughts about the world; "argot" and "argot" refer to less passionate and angry words. Take Tiger Walking for example. Liu is quite right. [ 1]