Lao She
From an early age, I saw the words "the sky is grey and the wild is vast, and the wind and grass are moving to see cattle and sheep". This once had a bad influence, making people afraid to go north. This time, I saw the grassland. The sky there is more lovely than other days. The air is so fresh and the sky is so clear. I always want to sing a song to express my happiness. Under the sun, it is thousands of miles away, not endless. There are mountains on all sides, the ground is green and the mountains are green. The sheep climbed the mountain for a while, and then came down again. Wherever they go, it's like embroidering big white flowers on the endless green carpet. The lines of those hills are so soft, just like boneless paintings, only rendered in green, not outlined with a pen. So, green is flowing everywhere, gently flowing into the clouds. This state is both amazing and comfortable. I want to look around for a long time, sit down and sing a beautiful poem softly. In this realm, even the steed and Daniel sometimes stand still, as if recalling the infinite fun of the grassland. Zisai, Zisai, who said that?
This is a jade world. Even Jiangnan may not have such scenery!
We visited the animal husbandry commune in Chenbaerhu Banner. The bus traveled 150 miles before reaching its destination. One hundred and fifty miles are grasslands. Go 150 miles, or grassland. Driving on the grassland is very free and easy. As long as the direction is good, you can go anywhere. When I first entered the grassland, I couldn't hear or see anything except some birds flying around. After walking for a long time, I saw a winding belt in the distance, as bright as glass. River! There are many cattle and sheep, and they also see horses, and there is a faint whip. Soon, soon to the commune. Suddenly, a group of horses appeared on the distant mountain, as if a gust of wind was blowing. Men, women and children immediately put on all kinds of clothes, and horses danced like rainbows. This is the host coming from dozens of miles away to welcome guests from afar. When the master saw us, he immediately turned his horse's head, cheered and ran to lead the way in front of the car. Quiet grassland, lively: cheers, cars, hooves, ringing into one. Cars and horses flew over the hill and saw some yurts.
Outside the yurt, there are many horses and many cars. Many people came to see us by horse or car from dozens of miles away. We invited a female dancer from Hailar to translate for us. Her name is beautiful-Crystal Flower. She is Chen.
Qimin, Ewenki. The master got off the horse, so did we. I don't know whose hand it is, but I always hold it warmly and hold it. We don't need Comrade Crystal Flower to translate. Our languages are different, but our hearts are the same. Shake hands and shake hands, laugh and laugh. When you say yours, I say mine, which generally means national unity and mutual assistance!
Somehow, I got into the yurt. Milk tea is poured, milk tofu is placed, and the host and guest sit cross-legged. Everyone is very polite, kind and comfortable. Soon, the hospitable host brought a large plate of mutton and milk wine. The cadres of the commune toasted us, and the 70-year-old man toasted us. To be exact:
Blessing is often difficult to express, so don't forget each other when you raise your glass!
We reciprocate, the host raises his glass, and we reciprocate. At this time, Ewenki girls, wearing pointed hats and a little shy in generosity, came to sing folk songs for the guests. Our fellow singers also sing very fast. Singing seems louder and more touching than any other language. No matter what you sing, the listener will always show a knowing smile.
After dinner, the boys performed horse riding and wrestling, and the girls performed folk dances. The guests are dancing, singing and riding Mongolian horses. The sun has set, and no one will leave. Yes! Tianya, why can't you bear to say goodbye to Mongolian and Chinese feelings?
Green grass and sunset!
People's lives have changed, and everything on the grassland has also changed. Take yurts as an example. In the past, it was called a felt house, but today it is different. It is made of wood strips and straw, so that it can be cool in summer and modified in winter. Look at those horses.
Well, there are short and lean Mongolian horses, and there are tall new breeds of three hippos. This kind of big horse is really decent. At first glance, people think of words like "Dragon and Horse Spirit" and want to ride it in Wan Li. Cattle have also changed varieties, some of which weigh more than 1000 Jin and have breasts like small tanks. Cattle, fat grass and fragrant milk are like springs! Not grandiose. There are both the original big-tailed sheep and the new breed of short-tailed fine-wool sheep in the flock. The former has good meat, while the latter has good hair. Yes, the prosperity of people and animals is one of the new phenomena on the grassland.
196 1 year1October 13 was published in People's Daily.
Appreciation and analysis
In the article Grassland, Lao She, the master of language, deliberately combined the descriptions of opposites and exclusions, so that language can see the meaning in simplicity and philosophy in everyday life, and express complex thoughts and feelings vividly. The analysis is as follows:
First, the lines of those hills are so soft, just like Chinese painting only renders green without ink lines. Green is flowing everywhere and gently flows into the clouds.
"Emerald lust flows" means that emerald will flow but not flow; And "flowing into the clouds" means that the color of emerald has flowed into the clouds. Are the two contradictory? In fact, this is not contradictory, but vividly shows the realistic modality of grassland scenery. "Green color wants to flow and slowly flows into the clouds" describes two different visual images respectively. The first sentence is a close-up description: the grassland is thick and green, shiny and shiny, giving people the feeling of "wanting to flow" This is turning static into dynamic, highlighting the color and life of grass and expressing the author's infinite love and admiration. The last sentence is a long-distance description: from a distance, the grassland meets the sky, the thick green sets off the sky, and the jade is thousands of miles away, constantly extending to the depths of the sky. Besides, the car is driving forward. Don't those hills in the field of vision, which are "only green and don't want ink lines", and grasslands thousands of miles away, all quietly flow to the sky?
Second, this realm is both amazing and comfortable; I want to stand for a long time, I want to sit down and sing a beautiful poem softly.
"Amazing" and "comfortable", "willing to stand for a long time" and "wanting to sit down" are contradictory. In fact, the author is amazed at the prairie that has never been seen before, "thousands of miles away, but it is not vast"; Comfort is a vast grassland, full of vigor, vitality, broad vision, open-minded, refreshing; "I am willing to stand for a long time" because of the beautiful scenery of the grassland, "even the horses and cows sometimes stand still", not to mention people with rich feelings; "I want to sit down" because the beauty of the fundus moistens my heart and induces passion, which is what I want to express and express. It is this contradictory brushwork that skillfully depicts the rich inner feelings of "I" in this specific realm.
Third, when I first entered the grassland, I couldn't hear anything or see anything except some birds flying around.
Since "I can't see anything", how can I see "some birds flying around" In fact, this is a rhetorical device called "Chu (m 4 n) mutual". It completely affirms and partially denies something; Or both negative and positive. Watching "Some Birds Fly Down" is to set off and emphasize the quietness of "first entering the grassland" more truly. This is to write silence with sound, and to contrast silence with movement, thus highlighting the vitality of the vast grassland that is silent and immortal.
Literal meaning is the product of objective things reflected in the author's mind, and it is the understanding obtained by the author's analysis and research on objective things. Because objective things are so varied and changeable, the author's understanding can be divided into right and wrong, profound and superficial. It needs careful experience and repeated research, and has been "refining" until he understands the essence of things and writes to the point? Purple article.
In this regard, let's talk about Lao She's "Grassland" Volume 11. This paper describes the beautiful scenery the author saw during his first visit to Inner Mongolia grassland and the scene that he was warmly welcomed by the Mongolian compatriots, expressing the deep friendship of the Mongolian people to the Han people and fully embodying that the motherland is a United and friendly family of people of all ethnic groups. This is the theme and significance of this article.
China is a multi-ethnic country. After the founding of New China, an equal ethnic policy was implemented, and a multi-ethnic unified family was formed. Lao She's description of his trip to the grassland reflects the theme of national friendship and refines this meaning, which undoubtedly captures the true essence of ethnic relations under the socialist system and is very correct.
Of course, the correct meaning should be expressed properly. Lao She described it in the order of first entering the grassland, welcoming guests from afar, outside the yurt, inside the yurt, and saying goodbye to the host and guest, paying attention to highlighting the scenes of Mongolian people greeting, warm hospitality and cordial party from afar. Between the lines are permeated with the flesh and blood of the Mongolian people.
It is worth studying that in the process of refining the meaning of the text, the author condensed it into two poems, "Mongolian and Chinese love each other deeply, why can't bear to leave, the world is green and the sun sets", which are just fourteen words, but contain rich and profound thoughts and feelings, leaving readers endless room for aftertaste:
Inner Mongolia grassland air is fresh, the sky is high and the clouds are light, endless, and there is a thousand miles of green everywhere, which is intoxicating. Isn't it the corresponding "Tianya Bicao"? The two sentences in the poem "How to endure parting" and "Heart-to-heart talk in the sunset" are the embodiment and portrayal of "Mongolian-Chinese affection", which is just right with the description of Mongolian herders galloping on the battlefield, welcoming guests, entertaining guests and singing and dancing.
At the same time, the author also received the effect of revealing the theme and deepening the meaning of the text by quoting poems. Where is the "Mongolian and Chinese love"? As soon as the authors set foot on the grassland, their love rose from the bottom of their hearts; Herdsmen went far away to welcome guests, cheering, shaking hands, toasting, singing and performing. The two sides were like a family, and they were in harmony, which further demonstrated the profound friendship between Mongolia and China. In particular, "How to Endure Parting" highlights the inner world of both the host and the guest, and is naturally "affectionate" because of reluctance, while "Sunset" shows the touching feelings of both the host and the guest, with endless words. Isn't it "affectionate"? It can be said that quoting poems is a concise summary of the brotherhood between Mongolian and Chinese nationalities, and it is also a further expansion and strengthening of literary significance.
In addition, the poem "The sky is greener and the sun is setting" quoted in the poem seems to be a close-up: on the endless grassland, the host and the guest depend on each other, time goes by and the sun is sinking, but they are unaware of it. This is the image of Mongolian and Chinese love. What are they talking about? Perhaps it is to thank the host for his warm reception, perhaps it is to hope that the guests will come back as soon as possible, or perhaps it is to encourage each other and work together ... This memorable close-up is closely related to the whole theme of "Mongolian and Chinese love". Isn't it further deepened?
Therefore, refining the meaning correctly is not a one-off event, but a process of melting, deepening and strengthening.
Pearl bird
My friend gave me a pair of pearl birds. Put it in a simple bamboo cage with a roll of hay inside, which is a comfortable and warm nest for birds.
Some people say that this is a scary bird.
I hung it in front of the window, where there is an unusually lush French chlorophytum. I cover the birdcage with long vines with small green leaves, which is as safe as hiding in the depths of the jungle; The thin and bright sound like a flute coming from inside is particularly relaxing.
The sun shines through the window, and through here, countless fingernail-shaped chlorophytum leaflets are semi-black and translucent, like jasper; The patches are mottled and the business is lush. The shadow of the bird flickered faintly in the middle, completely invisible. Sometimes they can't even see the cage, but they can see their lovely bright red mouths sticking out of the green leaves.
I seldom pull open the vines to look at them, and they gradually dare to stick out their little heads to look at me. We got to know each other a little.
Three months later, among the more and more lush green vines, there was a sharp and delicate call. I guess it's them. They have children. What about me? Never lift the leaves to look in, and don't disturb them with curious eyes when adding food and water. Not long after, suddenly a little head emerged from among the leaves. Smaller, fish! It's this little guy!
Although it is small, it can easily get out of the sparse cage. Look, how much like its mother; Red mouth and feet, gray-blue hair, but pearl-like round white spots have not yet been born on the back; It is so fat that its whole body looks like a furry ball.
At first, the little guy just walked around the cage. Later, he flew around the room, landed on the top of the cabinet for a while, and stood proudly on the bookshelf for a while, pecking at the names of the great writers on the back of the book. After a while, I knocked on the light rope back and forth and jumped into the frame. As long as the big bird cries angrily in the cage, it will fly back to the cage at once.
I don't care about this. After such a long time, if you open the window, it will only stand on the window frame for a while at most and never fly out.
Gradually it became bolder and landed on my desk.
At first, it was far away from me. When I didn't hurt it, it approached, then jumped on my cup, bent down to drink tea, and then turned around to see my reaction. I just smiled and continued to write. It boldly ran to the manuscript paper and jumped around my pen. The beating little red paws giggled on the paper.
I wrote quietly, enjoying the intimacy of this little guy silently. In this way, you are completely relieved. Simply "click" my trembling nib with that waxed, horny little red mouth. I touched its delicate fluff with my hand, but it was not afraid. Instead, it pecked my finger twice in a friendly way.
During the day, it accompanied me so naughty; At dusk, it flew into the cage with the repeated calls of its parents, twisted its round body and squeezed the green leaves into it.
One day, when I was writing on my desk, it actually fell on my shoulder. The pen in my hand stopped unconsciously for fear of running away from it. After a while, I turned my head and saw this little guy asleep on my shoulder. His eyes were covered with silver-gray eyelids, and his little red feet were just covered with long hairs on his chest. I lifted my shoulder gently, but it didn't wake up and slept soundly! Still sipping your mouth, are you dreaming?
I started writing, and now my feelings are streaming down:
Trust often creates a beautiful realm.
1. Short text.
This article is a vivid and poetic prose. In this paper, the changing process of birds from "fear" to "trust" is written in delicate and friendly language. The first half of the text wrote two things, which showed the author's sincere and meticulous love for the little creatures. The first thing is to arrange a safe place for the new bird. Although the Pearl Birds have a "comfortable and warm nest" when they are sent by friends, the author has carefully rearranged a quiet room for them, so that the birds can start a new life in warmth and harmony. The second thing is that pearl birds are parents, and the author will never disturb them. He carefully adds food and water to the bird family every day, so that the mother bird and the birds can live carefree.
In the second half of the text, it vividly describes the change process of the little pearl bird getting closer and closer to the author until it sleeps on his shoulder and sincerely trusts the author. In this part of the narrative process, the word "little guy" appeared three times in the article, which made people deeply feel the author's love for young birds: the first time: when writing about the expanding range and courage of birds; The second time: when the little pearl bird ran to the manuscript paper and jumped around the author's pen to make a "click", the author said that he "wrote quietly and enjoyed the intimate affection of this little guy silently"; Last time I saw a bird sleeping on the author's shoulder, the author was pleasantly surprised to find that "this little guy fell asleep on my shoulder" and "slept soundly". The bird thinks his shoulder is the safest place. This true feeling between man and bird deeply touched the author, so the author shed a feeling that "trust often creates a beautiful realm" at the tip of the pen. From this, we realize that people, birds and people need sincere trust, which is the basis for creating a beautiful realm.
The language of this article is fresh and lively, like a pool of clear water, which blends with the artistic conception of the article. Students should be guided to study hard and savor carefully. Understanding the author's sincere and delicate love for birds and the changing process of pearl birds from fear to closeness to trust under the care and care of "I" is the focus of teaching. Understanding meaningful sentences is a difficult point in this teaching.
2. Text analysis.
Understanding of (1) sentence.
(1) three months later, more lush green vines, a tapering and subtle singing. I guess they have a child.
After being kept for three months, the author didn't bother the pearl birds once by pulling open the green vines, but cared about them every day. The author is so familiar with their cries that there is a sharp and delicate cry that he can immediately hear it and guess that "they have a baby." It reflects the author's delicate and deep concern for the pearl bird.
You see, it looks like its parents: red mouth and feet, gray-blue hair, but there are no round white spots like pearls on its back. It is so fat that its whole body looks like a furry ball.
This sentence is a photo taken by the author with language for the newborn pearl bird. In the author's opinion, the pearl bird is so cute! Red mouth, red feet, gray-blue fur, harmonious and beautiful colors; Although there is no pearl-like white spot on the back, it is very fat, just like a fluffy ball, so cute!
(3) I wrote quietly, quietly enjoying the intimate feelings of the little guy.
In the author's opinion, the little pearl bird jumped into his cup to drink his tea, onto the manuscript paper and around his pen. It's a "feeling" and a reward for the author's kindness to it. The author attaches great importance to this feeling between people and birds, and what he gets from it is a pleasant and unique enjoyment. So he wants to "write quietly" and "enjoy" silently, trying not to disturb the birds, hoping that the little guy can bring him more intimacy.
(4) After staying for a while, I turned my head and saw that this little guy was asleep on my shoulder. The silver-gray eyelids covered his eyes, and the little red paw was just covered by the long fluff on his chest. I lifted my shoulder gently, but it didn't wake up and slept soundly!
What a touching scene this is! The little pearl bird fell asleep on the author's shoulder, from which we can see that after many temptations, the bird has completely trusted the author and even became dependent, and actually fell asleep on the author's shoulder. As the saying goes, "people are not vegetation", it seems that birds are not vegetation. The author touched the birds with his true love, established sincere friendship with them, and made the birds get rid of their vigilance, so as to create a beautiful realm of harmonious coexistence between man and animals. How touching!
When I moved the pen tip, I felt a temporary feeling: trust often creates a beautiful realm.
Pearl bird is a "bird afraid of people", but the pearl bird in the author's bookstore is not afraid of its owner. It will jump on the owner's teacup and "bend down to drink tea"; It will run to the front of the manuscript that the owner is writing and jump around the pen tip; When the master "stroked his delicate fluff with his hand", he was "fearless" and "pecked his master's fingers twice in a friendly way"; It even sleeps on its master's shoulder. What is the reason? Has this pearl bird changed its "bird nature"? In the last sentence, the author tells the essence-trust. This is the intention of the article. The intimate situation between people and birds is a beautiful realm created by trust. This kind of trust is priceless and the most touching. This made the author feel infinite, and the pens flowed down. Although it is only a "temporary feeling", it deeply inspires us. "Trust often creates a beautiful realm." In life, between people, we should never forget this. What the author yearns for and pursues is the realm of mutual trust, harmony and beauty.
(2) Understanding of words.
Pendulous branches: In this paper, it refers to the slender stems of chlorophytum.
Mottled: refers to one color mixed with other colors, and flowers overlap; It also means that sunlight shines through the cracks of objects, forming many irregular light spots, which are bright and dark. This paper refers to the leaves of chlorophytum, which are obviously dark in the sun, with different colors and intertwined.
Lush business: the article describes the vigorous growth and vitality of vegetation.
Simple: straightforward and simple.
Eyes: originally refers to the pupil, generally refers to the eyes.
Diarrhea: rapid outflow. The meaning of this article is that the author can't control his feelings, and his feelings suddenly flow out of his pen.
Second, the teaching objectives
1. Be sure to read the new words 12 and read the text with emotion.
Read the text, understand the meaning of the last sentence of the text, and understand the author's thoughts and feelings. Understanding trust is the basis of harmonious coexistence between human beings and animals, which encourages students to love animals and treat life well.
3. Continue to practice reading the text silently at a faster speed to improve the ability of silent reading.
Third, teaching suggestions
1. Introduce the new lesson. You can refer to teaching cases.
2. Basic teaching philosophy:
(1) Start by reading the text silently, and then let the students ask questions. Teachers and students will sort out the problems together and determine the problems that need to be studied. For example, where can I see the pearl bird that is afraid of people and get along well with the author? How did these changes happen? Where did "I" express my love for the Pearl Bird? What does the last sentence of the article mean?
(2) Guide self-reading and try to answer the first three questions.
First, ask students to read the text carefully and find out what changes have taken place under the care and love of "I". Then think: why do these changes happen to the pearl bird? Further understanding: the author's love for pearl birds.
(3) Organize communication. On the basis of self-study, communicate in the form of study groups, and then communicate with the whole class in the form of groups.
(4) Read back the full text, choose the sentences that you like and feel the deepest, read aloud with emotion, and experience the language features.
(5) Understand the key sentence of the text in connection with real life: "Trust creates a beautiful realm".
Does the author just want to tell us such a story? What's he trying to tell us? Guide students to experience: for example, "The author cares so much about and cares for the pearl bird, and people get along so well with the bird, which is really enviable!" We should also live in harmony with animals. "People and birds are so friendly, so our classmates should trust each other and get along well." "Like the author, we should nourish everything around us with love and create a beautiful realm with trust. "
3. In the process of learning the text, students can be guided to exert their imagination and experience the feelings between the author and the pearl bird. For example, why are birds not afraid of "I"? Can you say a word to the author in the tone of a bird? When "I" ignored the little pearl bird, it jumped around my pen, which was not surprising at all. If a bird could talk, what would it say to me? Another example: Ask students to look at the illustrations and imagine what the author is laughing at.
4. After learning the complete text, it is suggested to read back the "learning tips" before the text, and implement the sentence "combining with the actual life, communicating with classmates the experience that" trust often creates a beautiful realm ". In order to deepen the understanding and recognition of key sentences in the text.
Fourth, teaching cases.
Import design
Option 1: Introduction from small animals. Which children have small animals at home? Who can tell us how you get along with the small animals at home?
The teacher brought you a pearl bird. (Let the students observe the pearl bird) Is the little pearl bird cute? The text we are going to learn today is called Pearl Bird.
Option 2: Introduce from the author of the introduction. Today we are going to learn an article on the topic of bird names, called Pearl Bird. Do you know who is the author of this article? (Feng Jicai)
Feng Jicai is both a writer and a painter. He used to keep birds. What does he have to do with birds? Let's read the text.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links
Feng Jicai (1942 ~) is a contemporary writer. Originally from Cixi, Zhejiang, I was born in Tianjin. I like art, literature, music and ball games since I was a child. 1960 After graduating from high school, he worked as a painter in Tianjin Calligraphy and Painting Club, and became interested in folk art and customs. From 65438 to 0974, he was transferred to Tianjin Arts and Crafts Factory to teach Chinese painting and literary theory in the amateur university of arts and crafts workers. 1978 transferred to the creative criticism room of Tianjin Cultural Bureau, and later transferred to Tianjin Branch of Writers Association to engage in professional creation. He used to be the chairman of Tianjin Federation of Literary and Art Circles, a member of China Center of International PEN, and the editor-in-chief of Literature Freedom and Artists. He is currently the vice chairman of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the president of China Fiction Society, the chairman of China Folk Writers Association, the vice chairman of International Folk Art Organization (IOV), the vice chairman of China Association for Promoting Democracy, and a member of the Standing Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference. He is the author of the novels "Yihe Boxing" (in cooperation with Li Dingxing) and "Magic Lamp"; The novella collection "The Road to Pave Flowers" and "Ah! , "Cold War Map"; Collection of short stories: Diao Guan, The Call of Justice, etc. Feng Jicai's short stories, Feng Jicai's novels, Selected Works of Feng Jicai, etc. Some of his novels, poems and literary works won the National Excellent Short Story Award. Some novels, poems and literary works have been translated into English, French, German, Japanese and Russian and published abroad. Novels, poems and literary works have a novel perspective in the selection of materials. They use various artistic techniques to make detailed and in-depth descriptions, explore the inside story of life and chew all kinds of tastes of life. The text "Pearl Bird" is an example.