The post road was broken by the bridge, and there was no owner in loneliness. Vehicles roared, soldiers sang, and soldiers and arrows were tied to their waists.
On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower. 1, the wheel platform is slippery.
This poem means that horseshoes can't move when they slide. This poem comes from Cen Can's "Snow Song of Tianshan Mountain Sending Branchlets to Beijing" in the Tang Dynasty.
The original text is that the snow clouds in Tianshan Mountain never open, and the snow in Qianfeng District and Wanling Mountain belongs to Cui Wei. Last night, the north wind rolled over Chilajiao Road, and it snowed heavily in Tianshan Mountain at night.
Snow light moonlight silver, snow chasing the north wind flying over the iron. The birds in Jiaohe city died early, and the horses on the wheel platform were sad.
Cold clouds condense the sky, and ice hangs on steep cliffs. The general's fur robe is warm, and the sword fighting the lake is frozen like breaking.
Tianshan Mountain is in the snow, bidding farewell to the capital of a country and returning to the capital. How to express your mind in the ice and snow, just give you pine and cypress branches!
The translation of this poem is that the clouds and snow on the Tianshan Mountains can't bloom all the year round, and the majestic Qian Shan Wanling is covered with snow. At night, the north wind rolled over the intersection of Chiting, and the snow in Tianshan Mountain was thicker all night.
Snow and moonlight reflected the cloudy mountain, and snowflakes chased the north wind and flew over the iron gate. Jiaohe city has long been cut off, so it is difficult for horses to walk on the wheel platform.
Leng Yun is dim and congeals the sky in Wan Li, and thousands of feet ice hangs on the steep cliffs. The general's fur robe didn't feel warm for a long time, and all the guards were as cold as if they were going to break.
It was snowing heavily in Tianshan Mountain. I said goodbye to my friends and returned to Beijing. How can I express my feelings in the ice and snow? I only give you pine and cypress branches! Song of Snow in Tianshan Mountain Sending Branchlets to Beijing is a seven-character ancient poem by Cen Can, a poet in Tang Dynasty.
This is a poem praising the snow in Tianshan Mountain. The whole poem can be divided into three parts. The first four sentences roughly describe the spectacular snow scene in Tianshan Mountain, from high-altitude snow clouds to snow ridges in the air.
The last eight sentences describe the characteristics, brilliance and severe cold of snow in Tianshan Mountain. The last four poems are about cherishing friendship and being reluctant to part.
The whole poem is cold but full of blood, without complaining about others, with the feelings of protecting the country and defending the country. Cen Can (about 7 15-770) was a frontier poet in Tang Dynasty, a native of Nanyang, the great-grandson of Cen Wenben, a hero of Emperor Taizong, and later moved to Jiangling.
Cen Can was lonely and poor in his early years. He learns from his brother and reads history books. Tianbao has been studying for three years.
At first, Cao joined the army as a government soldier. After joining the army twice, he first served as the secretary of the shogunate of Gao Xianzhi in Anxi. At the end of Tianbao, Feng Changqing was the judge of the shogunate when he was the minister of Anxi North Hospital.
During the reign of Emperor Zong, Zeng Guan was the secretariat of history, and the world called Cen Jiazhou. Dali died in Chengdu in five years.
His poems are longer than seven-character metrical poems, and his masterpiece is Song of Snow to Send Tian Shuji Wu Home. There are 360 existing poems.
He has cordial feelings for frontier fortress scenery, military life and cultural customs of ethnic minorities, so his frontier fortress poems are particularly excellent. The style is similar to that of Gao Shi, and later generations often call it "Gao Cen".
There are ten volumes in The Collection of Cen Can, which have been lost. There are seven volumes of Cenjiazhou Collection.
The Complete Tang Poetry consists of four volumes. 2. The road is broken by the bridge, lonely and open.
This poem means the broken bridge outside the station. Plum blossoms are in bloom and I am lonely. No one came to appreciate them.
This poem is from Lu You's Don't Be Yongmei. The original text is a broken bridge outside the post, lonely and empty.
Twilight arrival, plum blossom is helpless, exhausted, and has to withstand the wind and rain. Plum blossoms don't want to compete for blooming, and the envy and rejection of flowers don't care.
Even after autumn, when it is ground into dirt and turned into dust, plum blossoms still emit fragrance as usual. The translation of this poem is near the broken bridge outside the post station.
Plum blossoms are in bloom and I am lonely. No one came to appreciate them. It is sad enough to be alone at dusk, and it is blown away by the wind and rain.
It blooms at the head of a hundred flowers, but it has no intention of competing with them for spring and making them jealous. Even if the flowers fall and are crushed into dust and mud, there is still a permanent fragrance in the world.
Yongmei is a poem by Lu You, a patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty. This poem writes a proud and unyielding plum blossom with a fresh artistic conception, which symbolizes his perseverance, exquisite brushwork and profound meaning. It is the swan song of Yongmei's ci. At that time, Lu You was at the lowest point in his life, and his hawks were low in morale and very pessimistic. The whole word is very sad, especially at the beginning, he exaggerates an indifferent atmosphere and his spirit of not fearing power.
Lu You (1125—1210), a writer, historian and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, was born in Yuezhou, Yinshan, and was of Han nationality. Lu Yousheng was deeply influenced by family patriotism when he was a teenager.
When I was in Song Gaozong, I took the does exam, but my career was not smooth because I was rejected by Qin Gui. Song Xiaozong was born a scholar after he acceded to the throne. He used to be the master book of Ningde County, Fuzhou, the official of deleting government decrees, and the judge of Longxing House. Because he insisted on resisting gold, he was repeatedly rejected by the Lord and factions.
In seven years, at the invitation of Sichuan ambassador Wang Yan, he joined the army and worked in Nanzheng shogunate. The following year, the shogunate was dissolved, Lu You entered Shu and met Fan Chengda.
After Song Guangzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to Doctor of Rites and Reviser of History Museum. Soon after, he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown for "mocking romantics". In the second year of Jiatai, Song Ningzong called Lu You to Beijing to preside over the compilation of Filial Piety, Records of Guangzong Dynasty and History of Three Dynasties, and his official position was to be determined.
After the book was written, Lu You lived in seclusion in Yin Shan for a long time, and died in Jiading for two years, leaving the last book "Xiuer". Lu You persisted in writing all his life and made great achievements in poetry and prose. His poetic language is simple and fluent, and his composition is rigorous and orderly. He has both Li Bai's boldness and boldness and Du Fu's melancholy and sadness, especially his patriotic enthusiasm, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations.
Lu You is also a brilliant historian. His Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, with bright colors and high historical value, is "concise". 4. Cheche, Ma Xiaoxiao, each of you has a bow and quiver.
This poem means that cars and horses rustle and pedestrians on the road carry bows and arrows. This poem is from Du Fu's Military Vehicle Shop.
Ma Xiaoxiao, each of you has a bow and quiver on your belt. My parents, my parents, my wife and children all ran to see them. When they marched, the dust covered the sky and they couldn't see xian yangqiao.
On the way, holding soldiers' clothes, eating and crying, the sky rushed into the sky. Passers-by asked the soldiers how they got there, saying only that the roster was frequently recruited.
Some people go to the north of the Yellow River at the age of fifteen, even if they go to the western border to open up wasteland at the age of forty. Long in the middle, the hair is tied up with a headscarf, and when I come back, I am bald and guarding the border.
Countless border guards shed blood and sacrificed to form seawater, and the concept of border defense in Huang Wu has not stopped. Do you know that in the mountainous areas of eastern China, in 200 areas and thousands of villages, nothing grows except weeds?
Even if a strong woman plows the field with a hoe, nothing will grow on the crops in the field. Moreover, the soldiers of the Qin Dynasty can fight hard, and there is no difference between chickens and dogs when they are rushed to fight.
Although the elders have doubts, how dare those who serve complain? Just like this winter, we didn't stop the soldiers west of Hangukou from enlisting. The county magistrate urgently urges people to pay taxes. Where does the tax come from? If you really know that boys are a bad thing, you might as well have a girl.
Girls can also marry their nearest neighbors, and boys will die in battle. Don't you see, on the edge of Qinghai, the bones of soldiers killed since ancient times have not been buried.
The new ghost wails there, and the old one is loudest in the stormy dark sky. The translation of this poem is the rumbling of cars and the ringing of A?vagho?a.
2. Ancient poems containing ancient means of transportation should be complete. Get "Fang Bing Cao Huma" above 15. Du Fu's Huma is famous, with a thin front.
Its ears are as sharp as a piece of bamboo, and it runs like four winds, as if its hoof had not been trampled. The horse galloped, never in an open way, riding it all very comfortable, dare to roam the battlefield, and even share life and death.
So fast, so fast, it is a good horse that can live up to life. It can commit crimes for the country. "To Wang Lun" Bai was about to go by boat when he heard singing on the shore.
Even if the Peach Blossom Pond is deep, it is not as deep as Wang Lun's sending away my love. "a night-mooring near maple bridge" Zhang Jishuang night, Jiang Feng fishing fire sleep.
In the lonely Hanshan Temple outside Suzhou, the bell that rang in the middle of the night reached the passenger ship. Li Bai, who built Bai Di City early, bid farewell to Bai Di in the morning and returned to Jiangling thousands of miles away in one day.
The cries of apes on both sides of the strait are still unconsciously crowing in their ears, and the canoe has passed the heavy green hills. 1 1 Storm on the 4th of the month. Sleeping in a remote village, he doesn't feel sorry for himself, but he still wants to defend the country.
The night will be over, I lie in bed listening to the sound of wind and rain, in a daze in my dream, riding an armored horse across the frozen river to the northern battlefield. After graduation, Meng Jiao. In the past, he was dirty and boastful. Now, his thoughts are dissolute and endless.
In the spring breeze, this proud horse runs at the speed of two beats. I visited all the sights of Chang 'an gracefully in one day. Early in the morning, I bid farewell to Jiangling city, which is high into the sky, thousands of miles away, and the boat is only one day away.
Apes on both sides of the Taiwan Strait can't stop crying, and the canoe has crossed Chung Shan Man. It's hard to reach the blue sky. Forty-eight thousand years have passed. Unlike Qin Saitong's crowded mountains with no birds, the mountains with thousands of tracks cover the day, the ocean drains the golden river with dead trees and faint crows, the bridges run water, the ancient roads are westerly and thin, far away, and the lonely sails see the peaks on the side of the ridge. What a magnificent scenery Mount Tai is! ? Out of Qilu, green peaks can still be seen.
3. Ancient poems involving ancient traffic roads and vehicles ① Qian Fan passed by the sunken ship, and Wan Muchun was in front of the sick tree. -Don? Liu Yuxi's "Enjoy Lotte at the First Meeting in Yangzhou"
(2) To build a house under human conditions, there is no need for chariots and horses. Kim? Tao Yuanming's drinking
At the foot of the blue mountain, my boat and I meandered along the green water. -Don? One of Wang Wan's berths at the foot of Beibao Mountain.
(4) Dead vines and old trees are faint crows, and small bridges are flowing. -Yuan? Ma Zhiyuan's "Clear Sand? Qiu Si "
(5) Water brings you the feeling of home, and makes your boat travel 300 miles. -Don? Li Bai bid farewell to his friends at Jingmen Ferry.
Then he disappeared around the corner, leaving only hoofprint. -Don? Song of Snow White sends Tian Shuji home.
⑦ In the old society, Maodian community was near the forest, and the road turned to Xiqiao. -Southern Song Dynasty? Xin Qiji's Xijiang Moon? Bright moon surprises magpie.
Nowadays, the floods in the mountains cannot be recovered, and Lu' an Huaming is another village. -Southern Song Dynasty? Lu you's trip to Shanxi village
Pet-name ruby road delay, thirsty plant hunger. -The Book of Songs? Choose the EU
The official ship is in a mess, and the price increase depends on you. -Ming? Wang Pan's "Chao Tian Zi? Sing a song
4. The waterwheel replied: 1. (4 points) Compared with other farm tools, the waterwheel is extraordinary, exquisite and wonderful; (2 points) Compare cars with waterwheels, highlight the characteristics of waterwheels, and express farmers' love and praise for waterwheels. (2 points) (the general idea is correct) 2. (4 points) (1) Use the rhetorical device of personification (or parallelism), (1 point) write the waterwheel as a vibrant family member to express the right. Waterwheels are widely used in agricultural irrigation, and (1 min) have nurtured the Chinese nation and contributed to its development. (1 min) (roughly correct) 3. (3 points) Because the waterwheel that has been rotating for more than 1700 years is synonymous with backward productivity, (1) the author is sad for the hardship of his mother's work, and (1) for the poverty of rural life. (1) (The general idea is correct) 4. (3) Description of actions (or details), (1) vividly depicts the mother and son standing on the waterwheel. Expressed the author's love, praise and nostalgia for his mother and waterwheel. (2 points) (the general idea is correct) 6. (4 points) Structure: echo from beginning to end, making the article seamless and highlighting the main idea of the article. (2 points) Expression effect: emphasizing the fragments of past lives emerges in my mind and makes me immersed in it; (1) is meaningful and gives readers a broad imagination. (1) Title: 1. This article is mainly about waterwheels. Why did you write about other farm tools and cars in the first place? (4 points) 2. Read the meaning of the following sentence. (4 points) (1) It breathes, works and lives with a family. (2) In the long history, it has tirelessly irrigated a nation. 3. In the sentence "Whenever I read such a poem, my heart will be sour with the rotation of the waterwheel". (3 points) 4. I followed my mother for a walk on the waterwheel, and my tall and short mother and son stepped on the wheels of the waterwheel one foot deep and one foot shallow, trying their best to pump the water from the pond into the farmland. What does it do? (3 points) 5. Contact the full text and talk about the similarities between the waterwheel and the mother. What thoughts and feelings did the author express? (4 points) 6. What is the structural function of the last paragraph of the article? What is the expressive effect of ellipsis? (4 points) Original: Introduction: It was strange to see a waterwheel when I was a child. Watching it walk around for a long time always reminds me of the windmill. It should be a long memory. About the article "Waterwheel", let's pursue distant memories together. Read the answers in "Waterwheel" for students to read and practice! Water wheel/Guo (1) It's not like a plow. When you want to use it, hang it on your back and drive the cows away. Unlike a laundry basket or a dirt dustpan, it can be put anywhere. Unlike most farm tools, it is always silent with its head down. This is a waterwheel, but it is not a real car. This is the laurel worn by agricultural poets. It is not equipped with wheels. Not only can it not carry goods and things, but it also needs more than two people to carry them from the farm to the pond every time. It can be said that of all the farm tools I have ever seen. A farm tool with the most complicated workmanship and the best integration of mechanical principle and production aesthetics. It always has endless words and endless songs. ② 1980, the production team distributed all the collective production tools to all households. Because there are only five waterwheels in the team, every household wants them, and the captain can only draw lots to decide. Mom gave the opportunity to others, let everyone seize it first and stay. She turned on the racket and scrawled the word "waterwheel" on it, naturally happy. But when she saw that Rip, who wanted the waterwheel most, was extremely depressed because she didn't catch the lot, her mother actually gave Rip the waterwheel that the whole team regarded as an artifact. The next spring, her mother invited Luo Qiusheng, an old carpenter from the village, to make a waterwheel for my family. Carpenter Luo is an expert in making farm tools. Almost all the farm tools in the village were made by him and his disciples. Under the action of his axe, saw and chisel, a dull and dull piece of wood came back to life. It breathes, works and lives with the family. It took him a whole week to finally make this waterwheel. The brand-new waterwheel lies quietly on the threshing floor, and the wood is pleasant. Mom looks at it. This waterwheel is driven by my father and mother from one hilly area to another, and from one pond to another. In the dry season, when the field needs irrigation, it always stands up, lifts the lower water to a higher place, and pulls the distant water to a nearby place. Many times, on the night when there are few stars in the moon, I followed my mother for a walk on the waterwheel, and my tall mother and son stepped on the waterwheel one foot deep. The bigger the current, the more you step on it, as if you were running. On the vast Yuan Ye, water runs with our feet, starting from the pond, flowing from the deep body of the waterwheel to the ditch, to the fields and to the blood vessels of crops. (5) Shu Ting wrote in his poem: I am an old waterwheel on your river, spinning tired songs for hundreds of years. Whenever I read such a poem, my heart will follow the rotation of the waterwheel. The waterwheel has become synonymous with backward productive forces, but who noticed that the waterwheel was made from Hualan in the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it was only after the transformation in the Three Kingdoms that it was popularized and used in Shu. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was widely used for agricultural irrigation, with crop rotation 1700 years. It has also tirelessly irrigated a nation in the long history. ⑥ Since 1990s, pumps have been widely used. Let the waterwheel retire quietly. Mother wants to repair this old waterwheel again, but Master Anthony WONG is old and has put the axe away and sawed it and put it in Nanshan. In Wuli Baxiang, no one needs a waterwheel, and no one can build a waterwheel. Mother washed away the sludge and weeds on the water truck and solemnly put them away.
5. The ancient irrigation tool keel waterwheel is one of the most famous agricultural irrigation machinery in ancient China. Dragon bone car is called rollover in ancient books. According to the records of the later Han Dynasty, this irrigation machine was invented at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. At first, water was irrigated by turning the wheel shaft manually. Later, due to the development of axle and the progress of machinery manufacturing technology, the keel waterwheel powered by animal power, wind power and water power was invented and widely used throughout the country. According to the different power, keel waterwheel has the following kinds.
Man-keel waterwheel Man-keel waterwheel is powered by manpower, and it uses pedal and hand. Wang Zhennong's Book in the Yuan Dynasty and Lin Qing's Book of River Tools in the Qing Dynasty described the dragon bone car in more detail. Except for railings and sill piles, the car body is made of wood, which is two feet long, four inches to seven inches wide and about one foot high. A sidewalk board is erected in the trough, which is the same as the width of the trough and one foot shorter than both ends of the trough board, and is used to place large and small axles. Up and down the sidewalk, the whole perimeter is connected by a keel plate with wooden pins, which is very similar to the skeleton of a dragon, so it is called a dragon bone car. There are four crutches at both ends of the upper shaft, which are placed between the wooden frames on the shore. People hold the wooden frame and step on crutches with their feet, which will drive the keel leaves below to move up along the wooden trough, scrape the water ashore and flow into the ground. The keel plate leaves bypass the upper shaft, then move down on the upper edge of the paving plate, bypass the lower shaft and wipe again. In this way, the water is constantly driven ashore from the lower part. This is the structure and working process of the dragon bone car.
Due to human resources, the water-drawing capacity of the human keel waterwheel is not large enough, but it can be used anywhere near the water surface, where two people can step or shake together, or only one person can step or shake. It is very convenient and popular, and it is a widely used agricultural irrigation machinery.
In the early Southern Song Dynasty, the keel waterwheel had a new development, and a keel waterwheel powered by animal power appeared, which was a new stage of the development of keel waterwheel. The structure of its waterwheel is the same as that mentioned above, but there is a new improvement in power machinery. A vertical shaft is installed on the horizontal shaft at the upper end of the waterwheel, and a large vertical shaft stands next to it. A large horizontal gear is installed in the middle of the vertical shaft to connect the teeth of the horizontal gear and the vertical gear. A big cross bar is installed on the vertical shaft, so that the cattle can pull the cross bar to rotate, and after the transmission of two gears, the waterwheel is driven to rotate and the water is scraped up. Because the animal power is relatively large, the waterwheel can be lifted to a relatively large height and the amount of water drawn is relatively large.
In the Yuan Dynasty, Wang Zhen's "Agricultural Book" also recorded that water turned to keel waterwheel. It can be seen that the invention of this machine should be nearly 700 years before the writing of agricultural books, about the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty. Its installation and waterwheel are exactly the same as the previous waterwheel. Its power machine is installed by the fast-flowing river. First, set up a big wooden frame, erect a rotating shaft in the center of the big wooden frame, and install two big cross wheels on the rotating shaft. The lower lying wheel is a water wheel, and a plurality of blades are installed on the water wheel, so that the water wheel rotates under the impact of water. The upper horizontal wheel is a big gear, which is connected with the vertical gear on the upper shaft of the water tanker. Put the waterwheel in the deep ditch dug by the river bank, and the running water will impact the waterwheel to rotate. The horizontal gear will drive the vertical gear on the waterwheel to rotate, and the vertical gear will also drive the waterwheel to rotate, driving the river to flow from the deep ditch in the river to the shore and into the field to irrigate crops.
If the water source is relatively high, it can be made into a large vertical waterwheel, which can be directly installed on the rotating shaft of the waterwheel to drive the waterwheel to rotate, eliminating two large gears.
A pair of large wooden gears are applied to the irrigation machinery driven by running water, which transfers the rotation of the water wheel to the shaft of the water wheel and drives the water wheel to wipe water for irrigation. This is a great progress in machinery manufacturing in Yuan Dynasty, and it is also a great achievement for people to use natural forces to benefit mankind.