One, this big topic ***6 small questions, ***22 points.
Read the following classical Chinese poems and complete 1-6 questions.
Wu Jia New Year's Day (1)
Kong Renshang
Xiao Shu spontaneously failed to make a profit, and the old-age stove was abandoned.
Cut the candles and dry the midnight wine, and spent all the money to buy spring money.
Listen to the childlike innocence of setting off firecrackers and see the charm of peach blossoms.
Add a plum blossom to the drum horn to celebrate the New Year in Lian Xiao.
Note: ① New Year's Day, which is now the Spring Festival.
1, the custom of writing Spring Festival on New Year's Day in Wu Jia, which is not shown in the following poem (3 points)
A. However, children stand far in front, and when they hit the ground in the street, they will make a thunderous roar. B. Every family trades new peaches for old ones.
C. At the age of one, a bottle of wine will be moved to court, and a child will take clothes to comfort the screen. D. the bright moon is beautiful in the sky, and the lights are full of spring.
2. The couplet of the following poem and "Wu Jia New Year's Day" poem expresses the closest emotion (3 points).
A. When you get old, you will meet a new year, and there will be better flowers in spring. B. Therefore, in the new year, we should sing festivals and light candles.
C. I like to eat meat when I wait on my mother, and I prefer to dream about fish in a year. D although money is a play, it is also a deep joy to welcome the new year.
3. One of the following couplets is not suitable for Spring Festival couplets (3 points).
A. Over time, people live longer and longer, and they are full of spring. B. at home in broad daylight, people are in the spring breeze.
C. a thousand smiles are slow, and worries are hidden from the outside. D. everything comes with the new festival, and everything comes from early spring.
The language of this poem is simple and plain, and the words are simple and meaningful. Please take the words "respect", "urge" and "pour" as examples to appreciate this feature. (3 points)
According to the content of the poem, please talk about how we should have a harmonious and civilized Spring Festival, about 100 words. (5 points)
6. Underline the following classical Chinese with (/). (5 points)
Yuan Dan's contribution should be rewarded. His schooling years are getting deeper and shorter, and he has gained a lot of money and feelings. Zhuangzi said that he gave me a lot of work to live here, which means that the things I take are comfortable and the wind blows over my face; Farming in the eastern suburbs, stand on tiptoe for a certain period of time. Jiang Meidi willow, decorating spring work; Snow and wind melted the wax gas. People who live in the mountains, sitting silently, feel that the days are getting longer and longer, which is a quick ear for life. (Adapted from Wei Yong's Idle New Year)
Second, this big question ***5 small questions, *** 18 points. Read the following classical Chinese and complete the 7- 1 1 question.
Dading's birthday was at noon on the winter solstice and was sent by the attendants to guard Runan. Depending on the next year, that is, the north of the state, there will be a number of broken houses, with leaks and no shelter from the wind and rain. It is a branch of life to make up for it, and it is still old and new. Public officials will think it is a place to rest. Outside the two eaves, there are bamboo shoots on the left, which are towering and prominent; There is a fairy elm tree on the right, covered and covered. Every beautiful night won a day and gave me a towel and a stick to wander in the meantime. When I see walking against a gray wall, I swim in a dream butterfly in a clear shade, and my words and feelings are self-satisfied, and my heart is like stone and my shape is like wood. However, Tao Tao doesn't know what is right for me and what is right for things. Was it fun to win? Yu Nature and Mu Shi have a happy relationship, because he is listed as "three friends".
The guest asked him, "Who is my son Duman's friend?" Give a warning. The guest leaned back, sighed, smiled and said, (1) "I aim at my son, so much for my contempt!" " The so-called bamboo shoot stone is boring, and it is useless to chisel. The so-called fairy elm, with its bizarre curl, is not in the rules, and it is not wood. They were mean and disliked, and they never cared about them. What should my son do if he goes astray and becomes a friend alone? "Yu said," hey! If you know one, you don't know the other. When it comes to the gems of Niu Zhang Qi and the trees of Qian Wuyue, the first ones are A and B, and the clothes are splendid. Although you want friends, what can you get? Today, if you are wrong, you will never be interested in the world. There is nothing in the world, so you are friends. A lady's love interest doesn't care about stunners, but about comfort. (2) However, you should get it from your heart first, and then put it into things. Without things, there is no fun. Although they have different connotations, they also have their own uses. What is the meaning of children? " The guest said, "If it is, it will be natural. Why is the wood and stone ruthless, and Xi is enough to know that the child is so small? " Yu said, "Otherwise, (3) people will suffer and be dishonest when they encounter something. If they can be sincere, they will create a public stone. You can nod your head, and Xuanzang's looseness can also be referred back. Fortunately, there is no negligence. "
The guest was ashamed of Popo, and he was at a loss. He should have a meeting in his heart, but he took care of him and smiled. Give the stone for what you said. It's not summer yet. It's sunny in April. The elders of Sanhuai King.
Based on Wang Ji's Three Friends Xuan Ji.
7. Add some incorrect words to the following statement.
A, keep the old and new: follow B, steal the screen trace of my son Dumen: close.
C, don't take any responsibility: taking D and Xi is enough to know that the child's area is so small: insignificant.
8, the following groups of statements with the same meaning and usage of words are
First, because it is one of the "three friends" in Xuan Yue, it is carved with words.
Who is his friend? If he wants to be a friend, he can get it.
C, and her husband's stubborn stone scattered wood, are absolutely interested in his wife's hobbies.
D. however, keep it in your heart first.
9. In this article, "If I aim at my son, what's the point of this son? What is the specific content of "this" in the sentence? Please give a general answer (3 points)
10, (1) "Such as Xie's landscape, Gin of Tao Pengze, forging of Ji Kangzhi, and Ruan Fu's coffin" can prove which viewpoint of A, B and C? (3 points)
(2) Xie Lekang refers to Xie Lingyun, who is the pioneer of poetry school; Tao Pengze refers to the representative figure of the poetic school. (3 points)
1 1, the author thinks that human hobbies are "different, but they are also suitable for their uses", which is different from Wang Xizhi's.
When he is happy with what he has encountered, he will gain something from himself temporarily and become self-sufficient quickly (Preface to Lanting Collection). The author takes wood and stone as his friends, and Su Dongpo's "Fishing firewood is above the bamboos" ("Red Cliff Fu") can be described as appropriate. (3 points)
Three, this big question *** 4 small questions, *** 17 points.
Read the following article and complete 12 ~ 15.
(1) long, dense, difficult is the symbol of the novel, is the dignity of this great style.
(2) the so-called length, nature refers to the length of the novel. (1) Without a length of more than 200,000 words, the novel lacks its due dignity. (b) Those short stories are hardly as magnificent as the Yangtze River. (3) Of course, writing a long story is not the accumulation of events and words, but the atmosphere and great artistic creation in the chest. (d) Architects who can create exquisite gardens in the south of the Yangtze River, of course, are great at building pavilions on rockeries, but they probably can't build the Forbidden City and the pyramids, let alone host such a huge project as the Great Wall of Wan Li.
I think the key for a writer to write a good novel is to have a long brain. People with "long brains" have big ravines, mountains and great weather in their chests. There must be rough and vigorous, and there must be tolerance for all rivers. The so-called handwriting is the external expression of the big ravines, mountains and great weather in the chest.
The density of novels refers to events, characters and thoughts. The ideological tide is surging, and events and people are coming in an avalanche, which makes people dizzying. Intensive events are certainly not a simple list of events, nor a running account. Of course, the dense characters are not as dense as sardines, but they should all be fresh and changeable. In a good novel, the main characters should be able to enter the gallery of literary characters, even if they are minor characters, they should be flesh and blood.
⑤ Intensive thinking refers to the conflict of ideas. If a novel only has the so-called correct concept and the so-called simple formulation of good and evil opposition, then the value of this novel is questionable. A good novel should be "noisy", and it should be polysemy and multiple interpretations. Many times it should run counter to the author's subjective intention.
The difficulty of novels refers to artistic originality, which is always unfamiliar and always requires readers' brains. Difficulty also refers to structural difficulty, language difficulty and ideological difficulty. Of course, the structure of a novel can be straightforward, but the structure is never a simple form, sometimes it is content. A good structure can highlight the meaning of the story and change the single meaning of the story. A good structure can transcend the story or deconstruct it. The language difficulty of the novel refers to a strange language with distinctive personality. But this strange language does not deliberately create reading difficulties with dialects, but integrates it into narrative language, which is the real contribution to the language.
⑦ The length, density and difficulty of the novel make it look solemn. It rejects opportunism, is not disgusting or shrewd, and does not need flattery and coquetry. A great novel should be a whale, swimming alone in the deep sea, breathing loudly and heavily, keeping enough distance from the sharks in groups. Today, a novel can't sacrifice its dignity in order to cater to this sensational era. A novel can't shorten its length, reduce its density and reduce its difficulty in order to adapt to some readers. The novel is so long, so dense and so difficult. Even if there is only one reader left, we must defend the dignity of the novel.
(Based on Mo Yan's "Forty-one Gun Sequence")
12. Look at the full text and extract five key words that best reflect the main content of the article. (5 points)
13. Grasp the content of paragraph (2) as a whole, and restore the sentence "Like a leopard, although it is also brave, it is difficult to become a mountain king because of its slightly inferior figure" to which sentence is the most appropriate? (3 points)
14. One of the following words is not used by the author to express the characteristics of a "good novel" (3 points)
A. Magnificent and diverse B. Rough and bold
C. the avalanche of flesh and blood D. the surging crowd is noisy
15. Paragraph (4) says that "in a good novel, the main characters should be able to enter the gallery of literary characters, even if they are minor characters, they should be living people". Please take a classic as an example to briefly explain this feature of "a good novel". (6 points)
Four, this big question *** 4 small questions, *** 16 points. Read the following article and complete 16 ~ 19.
Like most people in modern society, Zhang Luping usually gets up at 6 o'clock in the morning, rushes to the subway station to go to work in the city center, and it is good enough to go home before 8 o'clock in the evening. When he got home, he still had a lot of housework to do. In addition, he has to walk around on the Internet and in his circle of friends, often staying up until after midnight. On weekdays, he only sleeps about 6 hours a day. Of course, he will catch up on sleep on weekends and sleep until noon. And can a long sleep on weekends really make up for the lack of sleep on weekdays? Not long ago, two studies on sleep began to try to answer this question.
Sleep is indispensable in life, otherwise how can you spend one-third of your life doing it? With regard to the role of sleep, the current academic understanding is that sleep plays an important role in the recovery of the body: either supplementing some depleted elements or removing some toxins accumulated by people when they are awake. The research results of Professor Nedergard and his colleagues at the University of Rochester in the United States show that cerebrospinal fluid mainly secreted by choroid plexus of lateral ventricle not only regulates the acid-base balance of central nervous system and buffers the external forces on brain and spinal cord, but also participates in this important recovery activity.
(3) Nedergard's team found a fine network structure in the brain, which consists of channels filled with liquid. This structure removes the toxin β -amyloid produced in the brain through the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. In the network structure discovered by Nedergard et al., the flow of cerebrospinal fluid is regulated by channels on the glial cell membrane. This makes the brain unable to complete self-cleaning while carrying out necessary thinking activities. The brain needs to distinguish between thinking and eliminating toxins in time. When awake, the brain is mainly responsible for thinking, and when sleeping, the brain is mainly responsible for eliminating toxins. The researchers found that a large amount of cerebrospinal fluid flowed into the brain during sleep, but no cerebrospinal fluid flowed into the brain during waking. They injected the brain toxin-β-amyloid into the brains of mice. The results showed that this foreign protein in the brain of mice was washed away during sleep, but it was not removed during waking state.
(4) There is a serious lack of sleep on weekdays, and crazy sleep on weekends can make up for it. Can it play a role in clearing brain toxins? Professor pejovic of Pennsylvania State University and his colleagues recruited 30 volunteers and gave them a schedule that simulated the limited sleep time during the working day, but they would get extra sleep on weekends to make up for it. Volunteers only slept for six hours every night for four days, and then slept for 10 hours for the next two nights, and then studied the clearance of toxins in their brains. Pejovic and others found that the level of IL -6, a marker of inflammatory reaction, also increased significantly after sleep restriction, and the inflammatory reaction returned to normal after sleep recovery. However, another part of the research results are worrying. After the sleep time of volunteers was limited, the concentration of attention decreased obviously. Unfortunately, even if sleep time is restored, the situation has not completely improved. Therefore, extra sleep on weekends can provide extra self-cleaning time for the brain, which can solve some problems, but by no means all. In addition, it should be pointed out that this study only discusses the effects of sleep restriction and sleep recovery on the body in a cycle. Long-term cumulative effects are likely to have a deeper impact on the body.
Link material 1 noun explanation: β -amyloid is a kind of protein secreted by cells, which has strong neurotoxicity after precipitation and accumulation in cell matrix. The deposition of β -amyloid will cause neuronal degeneration, which is the main reason for the degeneration and death of neurons around senile plaques in the brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
Link material 2 heaven and earth create man with time, who moves half and rests half. If you move, you will die; if you rest, you will die. If you work day and night, you will be cut at any time, and your death can stand. Our health care is also timely, disturbed, quiet, disturbed by sitting and sleeping quietly. If it is difficult for me to operate without running away, it will be in jeopardy! If so, the key to health care is to have a good sleep first. Sleep can restore essence, invigorate qi, strengthen spleen and stomach, and strengthen bones and muscles. Sleep, not sleep, and medicine; There is no medicine that can cure one disease, but there is also a magic medicine that can cure all diseases and save everyone.
(Based on Li Yu's "Mansong")
16. The following understanding and analysis of articles and linked materials are inappropriate (3 points).
A. When people are asleep, brain marrow fluid will flow into the brain and participate in removing toxins deposited in the body.
B. β -amyloid can be washed away by cerebrospinal fluid in sleeping mice, but not in awake mice.
According to the research of the team of C pejovic, the inflammatory reaction level of interleukin -6 in human body is related to sleep time.
In patients with Alzheimer's disease, the main cause of pathological changes and death of neurons around senile plaques in the brain is the deposition of cerebrospinal fluid.
17. The following inferences about the content of the article and the linked materials are unreasonable (3 points).
A. Supplementing sleep on weekends can partially remove brain endotoxin β -amyloid and reduce neuronal damage.
B. the brain keeps thinking, which will make people more and more awake. This is a way to keep healthy.
C. Some people have spleen and stomach discomfort and lack of energy, which is probably caused by long-term lack of sleep.
D. Children's long-term irregular work and rest will bring about problems such as physical retardation and inattention.
18. Please explain the word "cerebrospinal fluid" according to the contents of paragraph ② ③ of the article. (5 points)
19. According to the content of the article and the linked materials, briefly explain to Zhang Luping the reasons for reasonable arrangement of work and rest time. (5 points)
Five, this big question *** 4 small questions, *** 17 points.
Read the following passage and complete questions 20 ~ 23.
Half an acre is amazing fun.
When I say half an acre, I mean half an acre without water. However, within this narrow half acre, it seems that dozens of acres of landscapes, flowers and pavilions have been planted in a down-to-earth manner, which is amazing, surprising and even amazing.
Walking into this water town between Hangzhou and Suzhou, and into this "hoe garden" which is only half an acre in size, I am seriously learning the beauty of "beauty is between square inches".
(3) You see, there are three pavilions in a half-acre garden, and the oncoming rockery actually runs through the whole garden; Labyrinth of three exits; Exquisite promenade along the wall, similar to the Summer Palace promenade, with flowers and trees, vines and flowers. Walking into the half acre "hoe garden", you are still in a paradise, and you can look at the railing. How cozy! Looking down, you can see that the beautiful scenery of this half acre is not surging, but the ups and downs of the promenade under your feet clearly give people a feeling of getting on and off the bridge. Looking from the top of the covered bridge, you really seem to see a clear spring that has been accompanied by a rockery and rushed to the "Square Hall" in the north of the garden. It seems that there is a lively and sparkling sound.
(4) This half-acre pearl-like "Mo Jing Garden" is a negligible part of the mansion of "Shi Jian Palace" and is called "Xuban Town", which was used by both Confucians and merchants in Qing Dynasty. This "Shi Jian Palace", with a total area of 2,500 square meters and 0/50 houses, integrates river ports, shops, streets, halls, inner courts, gardens and lower houses. 3. Facing the water, get on the sedan chair at the front door and get off the boat at the back door; Touch the root of the wall, and there will be moss on the palm of your hand that has gone through 140 years. I walked back and forth for a long time, marveling at the unique design of this water town mansion: exquisite and complicated brick carvings, stone carvings, wood carvings and Qi Diao were stuck inside and outside, and "Western elements" were adopted, and crystal clear color windows were installed everywhere. "Shi Jian Palace" is listed as a national protected cultural relic, worthy of the name.
⑤ This wonderful "Shi Jian Palace" can be described as a "splendid square inch". It is built on the street, with storerooms upstairs and floors downstairs, and six courtyards. It is wonderful in layers, with both the character of a big house in the south of the Yangtze River and the ingenuity of "otaku culture".
⑥ The word "Shi Jian" comes from "the wise men of later generations learn from me" in Historical Records. "World Mirror" embodies the foresight of this rich "Xu Bancheng" and also shows his way of making money. The word "hoe sutra" is taken from "hoe with sutra" in Hanshu. It is recorded in Hanshu that Ni Kuan, who co-authored taichu calendar with Sima Qian and others, often hung the scriptures on a hoe hook and read them in his spare time, hoeing both grain and scriptures.
⑦ The famous "Shi Jian Palace" is located in the center of Zhenze Town. Speaking of "Zhenze", it is famous all over the world. In the history books, there is a record about Dayu's flood control, "Three Rivers enter, Zhen Ze decides". There are many historical sites such as "Yuji Bridge" and "Centering Bridge" in Zhenze Town, and we accidentally brushed Dayu's sleeve. Fan Li, who became famous, also abandoned his official position and lived in seclusion here. There is also a fascinating "Fansi Bridge" in the ancient town. This town was built between Song and Shaoxing. By the Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, the top-grade lake silk "Geely Silk" produced in this town actually accounted for115 of the total raw silk production in China. At that time, it was absolutely impossible to spin the emperor's robes without Gillis.
Today, this Zhenze town is not actually a demonstration site of "half an acre of colorful" in the country. Such a small town has been a famous rice market in the south of the Yangtze River since ancient times. It has 23 scenic spots, such as "Eight Scenes", which have been sung by poets in past dynasties, attracting famous ministers in the Spring and Autumn Period and poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Zhang and Lu Guimeng, to live in seclusion here, leaving behind today's "Diaoyutai by Fan Li" and "Nostalgia for Zhang Dun". Historically, there were 15 scholars in this small town, including Wang Xichan, the "pedant of heaven and man" in Qing Dynasty, Shi Zejing, the founder of China Red Cross Society, and Yang Jiachi, who made great contributions to "two bombs and one satellite". Today, this small town has formulated ten national standards in flax, silk quilts, ballasts, flavors and fragrances 10 industrial fields. The so-called "first-class enterprises sell standards, second-rate enterprises sell brands, and third-rate enterprises sell products", and Zhenze reached out and took the lead in the industry.
Pet-name ruby zhenze concept is the concept of "miracle".
Attending, half an acre of colorful, is a kind of scenery, a kind of philosophy, but also a kind of culture.
(Adapted from Huang Yazhou's prose of the same name)
20. Fill in the following words in turn at the horizontal line of the third paragraph of the article. The most appropriate is (3 points).
A. ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs.
C. ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs D. ups and downs, ups and downs, ups and downs
2 1. The names of ancient houses and gardens often contain the pursuit and hope of their owners. According to the content of the article, please briefly analyze the master's ways of self-cultivation and family harmony in Shijiantang and Mo Jing Garden. (6 points)
22. In these two paragraphs ⑦ ⑧, the author is full of praise for Zhen Ze's introduction, which can be summarized as "□□□□□□" and "□□□□□□□" in Wang Bo's Preface to Wang Teng Pavilion. (2 points)
23. Read through the full text and explain the rich connotation of "color" in the topic of "half acre color surprise". (6 points)
Six, this big topic *** 2 small questions, *** 60 points.
24. Micro-writing (10 score)
The school has designed a series of publicity activities for "Water Saving Publicity Month", and used the following picture as a poster. Please choose one of the following three questions, and answer as required, no more than 150 words.
As a volunteer, please explain this picture to a blind friend. It is focused and vivid.
This work won the prize in this activity. Please write a review as a judge with sufficient reasons and clear organization.
Please advise people to "save water" in the tone of rice seedlings or land, which requires reasonable imagination and appeal.
25. Please choose one of the following two topics and write as required. (50 points)
A square inch of land can create splendid scenery, a square inch of time can create eternity, and a square inch of heart can accommodate mountains and rivers. ...
What kind of association and thinking did the above words cause you? Please choose your own angle, write your own topic and style (except poetry), and write an article of not less than 700 words.
② At the beginning of the new year, various media took stock of online buzzwords in 20 14 years, and "having money is willful" topped the list. As soon as this sentence spread, netizens set off a wave of sentence-making craze: "Handsome is willful", "Talented is willful" and "Leisure is willful" ... These buzzwords reflect people's attitude towards life, value pursuit and social psychology, which has aroused widespread concern.
What kind of association and thinking did the above words cause you? Please choose your own angle, write your own topic and style (except poetry), and write an article of not less than 700 words.