Gunter grass (1927.10.16—2015.04.13) is a German writer. He is the author of novels such as Tin Drum and Year of the Dog.
Gunter grass was born in Danzig on 1927. My father is a German businessman and my mother is Polish. 1944, Grass, who was still a minor, was drafted into the army. 1945 injured and hospitalized. At the end of the war, he fell into an American prison camp. After the war, I engaged in various occupations, first as an agricultural worker, studying stone carving and plastic arts, and later as a professional writer, sculptor and printmaker. He is a member of the "April 7th" Society, politically supporting the Social Democratic Party and advocating improvement. 1970 when the social democratic party came to power, it actively participated in supporting Brandt's election. His political attitude and excessive pornography in his works have aroused many criticisms at home and abroad. On April 20 15 13, Glass died in Germany at the age of 87.
Grass is an important writer in contemporary Federal Republic of Germany. Because of its novel language, rich imagination and unique techniques, it occupies a certain position in contemporary world literature and won the Nobel Prize in Literature of 1999. In addition to his reputation in the literary world, Grass was also active in the political arena of postwar Germany. Glass is a staunch pacifist and resolutely opposes NATO's deployment of nuclear weapons on German soil. After the reunification of Germany and Germany, Grass was more committed to opposing the growing xenophobia and neo-Nazi dark forces. In view of Glass's contribution in the field of literature and art, Germany awarded him an academician of Berlin Academy of Science and Art, and universities in the United States, Poland and many other countries awarded him the title of honorary doctor and honorary professor.
Chinese name: Gunter grass.
Mbth: Gunter Grass
Nationality: Germany
Place of birth: Gdansk, Poland (called Danzig in Germany)
Date of birth: 1927 65438+ 10 65438+June.
Date of death: 20 15 April 13.
Occupation: writer
Main achievements: Nobel Prize in Literature.
Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded by 1999.
Masterpieces: Tin Drum, Tom and Jerry and Peeling Onions.
Character experience
192710/6. Glass was born in Danzig (present-day Gdansk) into a vendor's family, his father was German and his mother was Kashuber, a West Slavic. His mother, who loves drama and reading, has been influenced by more literature and art since childhood. Grass's childhood and adolescence coincided with Nazi rule. He joined Hitler's youth league and youth league, and was involved in the war before he graduated from middle school, serving as cannon fodder for fascism. 1in April, 945, 17-year-old Xiao Cao was injured in the front line and soon became a prisoner of the allied forces in the field hospital. 1in may, 946, he left the prison camp and became an apprentice to farmers, miners and masons. 1948 He entered the Dü sseldorf Art Institute to study printmaking and sculpture at the beginning, and then transferred to the Berlin Institute of Plastic Arts for further study. 1954, he married Swiss dancer Anna Schwartz.
Grass first appeared in the literary world as a poem. 1955, his "Water Lily" won the third prize in the poetry competition organized by Radio Nande. Grass 1956' s poetry anthology "The Strengths of the Chicken in the Wind" and 1960' s "Triangle Orbit" are influenced by realism, expressionism and surrealism, with rich associations, passion and strong sense of rhythm.
Glass began to write plays almost at the same time as writing poems. Early plays, such as Ten Minutes to Buffalo by 1954, The Flood by 1957, Uncle, Uncle by 1958, Bad Chef by 196 1, Later, there were two dramas, namely 1966' s Experimental Uprising of the People and 1969' s Before this, trying to turn the plot of the drama into a dialectical discussion and reveal the inner contradictions of the characters. Glass claims that these two plays are the continuation of Brecht's method of "developing from epic drama to dialectical drama". However, The Civilian Experimental Uprising distorted Brecht's image during the workers' riots in East Berlin, so it was widely criticized.
After trying poetry and drama, Glass began to write novels again. 1958, members of "April 7th Society" got together in Holtzrajet, Arghe. Glass read the first chapter of the unfinished novel Tin Drum, which was well received by the participants. For this reason, Grass also won the "April 7th Society" literature prize. After Tin Drum, Grass wrote the novel Tom and Jerry at 196 1 and the novel Year of the Dog at 1963.
1967' s third collection of poems, Interrogation, has a strong political color, and Cao was once called a "political poet".
In the mid-1960s, Grass was keen on social and political activities and was a staunch supporter of the Social Democratic Party. 1965 and 1969, he traveled around the country twice for the Social Democratic Party to run for the Federal Chancellor and gave speeches everywhere. 1972 The Snail Diary traces the author's experience of participating in the election campaign and thinking about Nazi rule in 1969. Glass has close ties with former Social Democratic Party Chairman and former Federal Chancellor Willy Brandt, and has accompanied Brandt to visit abroad for many times. 1982165438+10 In October, Glass joined the Social Democratic Party after failing to run for re-election.
From 1972, Glass devoted himself to writing the novel Flounder, which was published in 1977.
1979 The Party of Telgert is a novella dedicated by Grass to Hans Werner Richter, the father of the April 7th Society. In the summer of 1647, a group of German writers met in Tergert between Mü nster and Brook, Osra, reflecting the activities of the writers of the "April 7th Society" three hundred years later. Readers can easily see the postwar writers of richter, Glass, Burr, Reich-Ranitz and Enzensberg from German writers who experienced the Thirty Years' War, such as Siddharth, Grimhausen, Ma Opitz and Ann Griffiths.
/kloc-in the autumn of 0/979, Glasgow's newly married second wife, organist Ute Grunet, visited China. After returning to China, in 1980, he wrote "People born in the mind or Germans are all dead". Since then, the writer announced that he would stop writing and devote himself to printmaking and sculpture.
After a lapse of five years, Glass published the novel Mother Mouse in March, 1986. Critics have different views on Glass's new book. In order to keep a "distance" from the critics,1In the spring of 986, Glass and his wife went to Kolkata, India.
1987 Chucao returned to Berlin via Portugal and other countries. On June+10, 5438, on the occasion of Glass's 60th birthday, Lu Hertel Hand Publishing House grandly published the first set of Selected Works of Glass. This anthology is divided into ten volumes, including deluxe edition and paperback edition, which contains all the important literary works published by the writer, including poems, novels, plays, essays, speeches and conversations.
1September 30th, 999, Gunter grass won the Nobel Prize in Literature.
In September 2006, he published his autobiography "Peeling Onions". Glass was once the target of the intelligentsia, because he shockingly claimed that he had worked for the SS when he was young.
On April 2015 13, Glass died in a hospital in the German city of Lubeck.
Main work
Creative characteristics
literature
Grass's novels not only inherit the traditional narrative style, but also describe history and reality with artistic skills such as fantasy, strangeness and absurdity. Most of the protagonists in the works are deformed people or anthropomorphic animals, which makes the novel bizarre in conception and plot, and the problems discussed are obscure and profound.
With rich imagination, unique skills and novel language, Grass's works often combine realistic description with modernist techniques, and contain profound social criticism in banter and humor. He tried his best to show a strange, magical and illusory world and reveal the forgotten side of history.
In his creation, Grass pays attention to expressing the theme of the times through unique characters, and makes a ruthless mockery of social culture.
For example, Oscar in Tin Drum, when he was three years old, didn't want to join the adult world, but disabled himself. He fell down and became a dwarf with dementia. He is 96 centimeters tall and has grown up. Later, at the age of twenty-one, he grew taller again, and soon he was 1.23 meters tall and became a dwarf with a hunchback and a chicken breast. The description of Oscar's figure focuses on his height and special figure, revealing that he became deformed because of the darkness and ugliness of the times.
The characters in Grass's works are unique, peculiar and intentional symbols with aesthetic value, and they are artistic complexes with multiple meanings. The characters in his works are not so much typical as symbols of philosophical intentionality, which is the author's point of view of looking at everything with a sharp eye. Because his creation is closely related to his personal life and experience, Glass's creation is his masterpiece of "self-discovery". The characters he created are the carriers of his thoughts and feelings, and the author's real artistic feelings about social culture are radiated from the perspective of characters. His artistic feeling is based on his life feeling, which is the condensation and sublimation of the author's life feeling. Grass not only felt all kinds of people and life before and after the national socialist era with his own eyes and ears, but also experienced it with his whole heart. Through a series of grotesque characters: Oscar, Mark, Matern, etc., he expressed his love and hate, wry smile, grief, anxiety and annoyance, fear and surprise, grief and sympathy, and the results of his reflection on social culture.
draw
In his creative career, painting and literature are inseparable. As he himself said, the two are "an organic and interactive process". Many of his poems are illustrated by his own paintings. The content and form of these illustrations are mostly closely matched with the content of poetry, which provides an image annotation for poetry. Turning the theme of literary works into the object of painting is a remarkable feature of Grass's fine arts.
Winning record
Personality assessment
Glass is a fable writer and a learned scholar. He is a tape recorder of various voices, a disdainful monologue, a master of literature and a creator of satirical language. In the characterization of Grasse's novels, he stripped the important words of the characters, emphasized the reliability of the body and brought human beings into the animal world. In his zoo, everyone can find his place: cat and mouse, dog, snake, flounder, frog and scarecrow. (Comment on the Nobel Prize Committee's award speech to Gunter grass)
Glass is undoubtedly the most important writer in contemporary Germany, enjoying an international reputation for a long time. The Nobel Prize awarded to him clearly proves this point. (Comment by German Chancellor Schroeder)
Gunter grass is "Brecht's heir". (Comments on the Italian newspaper La Paix); Glass is a great master of German literature. (British "Guardian" commentary); Gunter grass is the "political conscience" of the German nation. (Independent comment)
Personality dispute
1990 When Germany was reunified, Grass issued a doomsday judgment. He opposed the reunification of Germany in 1990 and described the "merger" of the GDR as a colonial act of the Federal Republic of Germany. After the publication of his autobiography "Peeling Onions", his political opponents greatly exaggerated Grasse's SS identity, and even former Polish President Walesa, who left Danzig, asked Grasse to give up the title of "honorary citizen of Gdansk".
But more people still defend grass. For example, American writer john owen wrote to Glass: "To me, you are still a hero, both a writer and a moral compass. Your courage as a writer and a national is exemplary-your recent performance shows that your courage has increased, not weakened. " Walker Schlondorf, the director of the film Tin Drum, also expressed sympathy for Glass in the Daily Mirror.