China is known as a country of poetry, and ancient poetry is a treasure left over from the long history of China culture. Its language is concise and highly concentrated, but its content is quite heavy: astronomy, geography, customs, everything. Reading and accumulating ancient poems can not only develop students' imagination, accumulate students' sense of language, but also consolidate students' cultural heritage. Expanding the writing of ancient poetry can not only deepen the understanding of ancient poetry, but also stimulate students' interest in reading. After several years of teaching and scientific research practice, the author thinks that the key to guiding the development of ancient poetry is to guide students' imagination through various channels, and then make it formal and written on this basis.
Arousing imagination can be carried out from the following three aspects:
First, explore blank imagination.
To some extent, the art of poetry is a blank art: the blank of story plot, the blank of character description, the blank of psychological activities, the blank of thoughts and feelings, the blank of philosophy and so on. Teachers guide students to grasp and explore these gaps. According to the five categories of poetry: narrative expression, landscape description, emotional expression, philosophical sublimation and comprehensive tolerance, students can imagine images in class, activate their thinking, cultivate their creativity and lay the foundation for expanding their writing.
1. Seize the "image blank" and imagine some ancient poems not laying out direct narration, but pursuing the interesting style outside the poem by sketching or hitting the point. The images depicted in poems are often not detailed and obscure, leaving teachers and students to supplement their imagination and create an ethereal and rich artistic realm. Such as "Village Residence" (the grass grows in February and the willows are drunk with spring smoke. The children came back from school early, so they were busy flying kites in the east wind. What's a kite like? What did the children say? What was the situation then? How beautiful is "the grass grows and the warblers fly" and "the willow blossoms are bright and the spring smoke is drunk"? What other sights might there be on this February day? Wait a minute, this poem is not carved out of details. Teachers can grasp these "image gaps" and guide students to expand their reasonable imagination and supplement details.
2. Stick to the "emotional blank" and imagine that "emotion will lead to resignation". In the development teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should pay attention to displaying artistic conception, so that readers and poets can feel the same. Language is a tool to express feelings, but some complex, subtle and radical feelings cannot be directly expressed, thus setting an emotional gap for readers. For example, in Boarding Guazhou, the poet Wang Anshi used the scene of "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" to express the feelings of "when the moon shines on me". What is the scene of Jiangnan in Chun Lv?
Spring is full, which is pleasing to the eye. How can a poet reveal the melancholy of when to return home? What was his psychological activity at that time? What is the image like? Both teachers and students described the poet's depression and homesickness, and his worries about the failure of political reform and the uncertain future through "blank" imagination.
3. Imagining the philosophy in ancient poetry around the "philosophical blank" often lies in the image, and its "blank" zone is wider.
Teachers should enlighten students, let them feel the inside story of poetry and make appropriate associations. Zheng Xie's Bamboo Stone is an ancient poem with profound philosophy, and the author's original intention is to "make people think and know". This requires teachers to guide students to appreciate the poem, imagine the scene of bamboo "indomitable, let the northeast wind blow", and then guide students to contact life, so as to refine and sublimate from the image of the poem into a universal philosophy: whether you are determined or studying, you must "stick to the green hills and not relax", and it is easy to persevere when you lock your goals. In teaching, students will appreciate the true meaning of poetry as long as teachers pay attention to excavating the deep connotation of poetry and recreating imagination.
Second, with the help of the imagination of audio-visual media.
"The reason lies in poetry, such as salt in water, honey in flowers, hidden in the body, and yuan mark with taste. For primary school students who dabble in life and lack the ability of life experience and literature understanding, it is really not easy to experience the taste and interest in "Hidden Body" and "Yuan Mark" and deeply understand the artistic conception of poetry and the poet's feelings. Teachers need to build a bridge across this gap. In the development teaching of ancient poetry, making full use of audio-visual media, carefully designing teaching links, optimizing teaching process and enhancing the intuition, image and vividness of teaching can perfectly show the artistic charm of ancient poetry, stimulate students' interest in learning ancient poetry and improve the development level of ancient poetry.
1. It is very artistic to create a poetic scene and stimulate the imagination of ancient poetry. In the development teaching of ancient poetry, teachers should pay attention to creating situations, so that students can experience the poet's emotions through their specific perception of the situation. Multimedia has the characteristics of sound and shape blending, dynamic and static combination and strong appeal. Teaching with multimedia, turning words into images and abstractions into images, can not only arouse students' learning enthusiasm, but also enable them to enter the poetic realm and stimulate their imagination. For example, if the teaching expands "Village Residence", the author first creates a quiet atmosphere for students by playing the guzheng music "Fishing Boat Singing Late", so that students can enter the poetic realm while listening with their eyes closed. Then, by changing the computer screen, the distant view, close view and panorama of "the grass grows and the warbler flies" and "the willow flutters along the embankment" appear alternately, and several interrelated shots are selected to provide students with colorful pictures. Then click the mouse to let the students enjoy the picture of a group of children coming home from school laughing loudly and busy flying kites. In this way, all the scenes in the poem are presented to the students, so that they can experience the poetic scenes as a whole, stimulate their imagination and arouse their interest in writing.
2. Expanding information and helping to imagine one of the advantages of multimedia computer teaching network is its large capacity, which is not limited by time and space. It can provide a wide range of learning content in a variety of presentation ways, so that students can get more information.
They can process and express information more selectively. "I heard that officers and men took over Henan and Hebei" mainly tells Du Fu's surprise and ecstasy when he heard that officers and men recovered Henan and Hebei and put down the Anshi rebellion. He was praised by later generations as "the first quick poem in life" by Lao Du. In order to develop this poem, the author first enters a large number of relevant materials into the computer in advance, such as the writing background of this poem, the poet's time and life, the celebrity's evaluation of this poem, etc., so that students can read and understand it. Then study the scene in the imaginary poem with the students. Because of the background introduction, students can cross the long river of history, fly the wings of imagination, integrate with the poets more than 1000 years ago, think what the poets think and like what the poets like, and naturally start writing with the sound of the poet's feelings.
3. Expand your imagination by comparison. Only by comparison can there be recognition. Comparison can make students learn from the same differences, seek common ground in differences, and have a new understanding of what they want to learn. Teachers can also take advantage of the large capacity of multimedia to learn the poems of the same theme, the same scene and the same poet by comparison. For example, in order to improve the students' understanding level and realize the poet's patriotic feelings, the author shows several poems with the same theme side by side in the picture, such as "Autumn Night Feel the Dawn Across the Fence Door to Meet the Cold", "Xiuzi" and "Crossing the Zero Ding Yang". As long as the mouse clicks on a poem, it will be enlarged. Enter a question about this poem and the computer will display the corresponding answer. In this way, students can find and search the graphic, audio-visual materials collected and processed by the teacher before class, and summarize themselves under the guidance of the teacher. By comparing a large amount of information, they can better grasp the mood of the prospective poet.
Third, imagine carrying out practical activities.
Research shows that extensive practical activities can give teenagers more opportunities to solve problems and more independence and freedom.
Conducive to the cultivation of creative personality. Let students paint, perform and recite in practice, which can stimulate their imagination and creativity.
1. Painting promotes imagination. In the extended teaching of ancient poetry, teachers can inspire students' imagination, give play to students' creative spirit, draw pictures according to poems and change poems into paintings. For example, teaching expands the "cottage scenery", and on the basis of students' understanding of poetry, students can draw imaginary pictures with the help of musical imagination. Encourage students to draw stick figures or colors according to their personal preferences, and enrich their images with their own experience in combination with life practice.
2. Performance enhances imagination. Teachers can ask students to write and perform ancient poems with hidden dialogue plots in character activities, and give full play to their imagination according to their feelings about the roles they play. When the author expanded the teaching of My Hometown Book, he asked students to perform a dialogue with rural children on stage, and the students were full of interest. In fact, there are many such ancient poems, such as "Sending Yuan to Twenty Shores Xi" and "Nan Chi", which can guide students to perform. This kind of activity is entertaining and innovative, which helps to expand the image.
3. Reciting promotes imagination. Ancient poems are beautiful, rhythmic and full of musical sense, especially suitable for reciting. Through collective reading, individual reading, reading aloud, singing in a low voice, performing reading and other forms, students can appreciate and enhance their imagination in reading. Such as: II/oriole/Liu/,Yixian/Egret/Shangqingtian/. The window contains/Xiling/Qianqiuxue/,Menbo/Soochow/Wan Li Ship/. Let the students read the rhythm and stress in repeated recitation, feel the artistic conception of the poem and promote the development of imagination.
On the basis of stimulating students' imagination, teachers should give students clever guidance and write down ancient poems. Because of the particularity of ancient poetry itself, it has different personality characteristics from general composition teaching when guiding writing development. Expanding the teaching of ancient poetry belongs to the teaching of general exercises, so it has the characteristics of general exercises.
Personality characteristics:
1. Provide examples to imitate and improve. Imitation is learning. At the beginning of teaching expansion, teachers should reduce the difficulty and provide students with examples to expand ancient poetry. There are many articles about "Ancient Poems Written Today" in the extracurricular reading materials of Shanghai Edition, such as Sleeping in the Mountain Temple, Sleeping in Xugongdian in Xincheng and Sending Wang Lun. The author selects a few of them to print out and analyzes them with students. It is concluded that the general mode of expanding ancient poetry is: Ming poetry-setting key points-imagining more-writing articles. Taking examples as a ladder is helpful for students to improve their imitation of Chinese and imitate creation.
2. Horizontal contact and seek common development with China. Expanding writing teaching is only one kind of practice training. In teaching, teachers should pay attention to the horizontal comparison, combine the expansion of ancient poetry with the usual expansion training and composition teaching, and guide students to learn from each other's strong points, draw inferences from others and seek changes from the same.
3. Teaching by stages, seeking development through differences. The cognitive level of students in different grades is different, so the emphasis of expanding writing training should be different. Generally speaking, junior and middle school students mainly practice and write simple narrative poems, such as "Early Summer in the West of Town", "Village Residence" and "Nanchi". The fourth and fifth grades mainly write poems with profound scenery description, emotional expression and narrative expression. In the sixth grade, students can write poems about the sublimation of philosophy. Of course, the teaching emphasis between paragraphs is cross-cutting, not parallel. There are differences in similarities, so that students can develop.
* * * Sexual characteristics:
Teachers should also guide students to observe life, accumulate writing materials, develop imagination, broaden the connotation of writing, change ideas, improve the quality of revision, encourage contributions and enhance their interest in writing. * * * Sex and personality form a joint force, so that expansion can be truly implemented and students can learn something.