The bluebird flies west and does not return, and the king and the king are in Lingtai.
Courtiers are the most thirsty, and they don't give a cup to the golden stem.
This is the richest man's epic with social significance. The poet spreads the wings of imagination and weaves myths and legends with historical stories in an ethereal way. The first two sentences are fairy tales, telling the wishful thinking of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who was obsessed with immortals. Three or four sentences are historical stories, describing the thoughts and behaviors of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty who devoted himself to seeking immortality rather than morality. The poet speaks with images without comment.
Another example is "Ode to an Epic":
The water at the south foot of Beihu Lake is long and the flag drops 100 feet.
In these three hundred years, I had the same dream. Where is the dragon brand in Zhongshan?
This is one of the masterpieces of Li Shangyin's epic. It only uses 28 words to express its feelings through the historical facts of the metabolism of the Six Dynasties, saying that it is historical facts, because Jinling (Beihu Lake, Xuanwu Lake) is indeed the old capital of the Six Dynasties, and "falling with a hundred feet" is not a historical scene, and it is even more impossible for the king to lower the banner with a hundred feet at the end of the Six Dynasties. However, the author writes that no matter what it is, it is an epic history and an art history. Therefore, when appreciating poems about the past, we should not only pay attention to the relevant history, but also be too rigid in historical facts. It is more important to appreciate the artistic image created by the author.
Poets often don't write poems about the past to express the thoughts of the ancients. They often distort historical facts with reality, or perceive personal experiences or comment on social politics. It is a common expression to borrow ancient times to satirize the present. For example, Jinling, an ancient city, was once the capital of Wu Dong, Western Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. These dynasties, the country is very short, and there are profound historical lessons in their historical facts of sorrow and hatred. Therefore, "nostalgia for Jinling" has almost become a special topic in poetry, and it has also become a common theme of poets who care about politics when the national fortune declines.
Such as Liu Yuxi's "Jinling Nostalgia":
Chao Man Ye and Zhu Cheng, the sun oblique sign pavilion.
Cai Zhou's new grass is green, and the shogunate is old and smoky.
Prosperity and waste are caused by personnel, mountains and rivers and empty terrain.
There is a song in the backyard, which is miserable.
The first two couplets of the poem only point out the scenic spots in Jinling related to the Six Dynasties, so as to hint at the reasons for the rise and fall of the times. The latter two associations, through discussion and emotion, put forward the wonderful opinion that the state exists, but the morality is not in danger, suggesting that the rulers at that time were following the footsteps of the demise of the Six Dynasties by relying on the danger of the mountains and rivers in Guanzhong, which was meaningful.
Another example is "Passing by Chen Lin's Tomb":
I once saw a legacy in history of qing dynasty, and today it floats on this grave.
Poets should know me if they have spirits, and tyrants will pity you if they have no owners.
Spring grass is buried in the stone forest, and Tongquetai is desolate against the dusk clouds.
Don't blame me for being depressed. I want to learn calligraphy and sword to join the army.
On the surface, this poem is a tribute to the ancients, but in fact it expresses the feelings of life experience. Chen Lin, one of the seven sons of Jian 'an, is good at Zhang Shibiao. He once worked for Yuan Shao, and drafted an anti-Cao Cao campaign for Yuan Shao. Later, he returned to Cao Cao, and Cao Cao did not forget the past and reused him. There are many military certificates. The whole poem runs through the contrast between the poet himself and Chen Lin in different times and experiences, and shows the poet's untimely feeling caused by "dominating talents and having no owner", cherishing the past and placing hopes in the distance.
There is also a kind of poetry, in which the poet thinks about history calmly and rationally, and he does not participate in it, but only shows his attitude with historical facts or assumptions about historical facts.
For example, Mutu's topic Wujiang Pavilion:
The victory or defeat of a strategist is unexpected, and Bao is a person with shame.
There are many talented children in Jiangdong. Whether they will make a comeback is still unknown.
This is a poem lamenting Xiang Yu's defeat and committing suicide in Wujiang River. The first two sentences are practical, criticizing Xiang Yu for not being "ashamed"; Three or four sentences make another assumption about historical facts, expressing regret, thus showing that "men" should be flexible and indomitable, which is quite positive. On the same subject, Wang Anshi also wrote the Pavilion on the Wujiang River, but said: "Although the children of Jiangdong are here today, are they willing to make a comeback for you?" He felt that Xiang Yu's failure was a historical necessity. It can be seen that poets sometimes think and reflect on the same theme from different angles and have different views, which not only reflects their different artistic skills, but also reflects their different views on history and life.
The concept of nostalgic poetry is different. It is common to see the scene first, which leads to discussion or emotion. There are also poems with few historical facts but mainly discussion.
For example, Du Fu's Ode to Monuments (five of five):
Zhuge Liang's name will remain in the world forever, and his portrait is lofty and respectable.
In order to plan the strategy of the world, generations seem to be Luan Feng's Luan Feng.
See you in the middle, and then you will surpass all the greatest politicians.
The succession of the Han dynasty was due to luck. Although Zhuge Liang was difficult to revive, he was determined and devoted himself to the busy military.
This is the author's visit to Wuhou Temple, which he sincerely admires and writes into a poem. The works praise Zhu Gekongming's great talent with warm brushwork, and lament his unfulfilled ambition. Except for the "portrait", the rest of the poem is all about discussion. The whole poem is not empty, and every sentence is emotional.
There is also a whole poem that only narrates historical facts (not "historical facts" in history books, of course), without a word of comment, or even a word about one's own life experience. This idea focuses on shaping the image and moving the image with the image.
For example, Du Fu's Ode to Monuments (the third of five).
Thousands of mountains and valleys are close to Jingmen, and girls grow up in Sri Lanka.
She came out of the purple palace and entered the desert. Now she has become a green grave in the yellow dusk.
Her face! Can you imagine the spring wind? Back to the soul in the moonlight.
The Tatar song on her jade guitar tells her eternal sadness.
Li Zide, a poet in A Qing, commented on this poem: "Only the princess of the Ming Dynasty was described, and never a word was involved in the discussion, but the meaning was all-encompassing." This comment really shows the artistic features of this poem. From the beginning to the end, it is based on the image, and there is no need for half an abstract discussion. However, Zhao Jun's tragic images, such as "She has now become a green grave at dusk" and "Returning on a moonlit night", have left an indelible impression on readers.
Another idea is that there are historical facts in the scenery, and the scenery sets off feelings.
Such as Du Mu's "Golden Valley Garden":
Prosperity scatters incense dust, and running water is ruthless.
If the east wind complains about the yellow bird, the fallen flower is still like a fallen flower.
Jinguyuan is the villa of Shi Chong, a rich man in the Western Jin Dynasty. Its glory was extremely prosperous, and it was abandoned in the Tang Dynasty and became a monument for people to mourn. The first two sentences of the poem are about the past prosperity and now desolation, which deeply contains the sigh that "things are like spring dreams without trace" (Dongpo language). Three or four sentences are about birds singing at dusk and the east wind falling flowers, which reminds Shi Chong of the historical fact that prostitute Lvzhu killed Shi Chong and committed suicide by jumping off a building, and expresses deep sympathy and regret for Lvzhu's fate of not being as independent as falling flowers. The whole poem describes the scenery, which contains feelings, and the four sentences are linked together. Liu Yuxi's Five Topics of Jinling all adopted this way of thinking.
Finally, it is worth noting that, generally speaking, poems about homesickness are often based on one person and one thing. Xin Qiji's "Le Jing Kou Gu Bei Ting Nostalgia" is based on the stories of different dynasties and people in Jingkou (now Zhenjiang City), in which "Lian Po is old, can he still eat?" It has nothing to do with Jingkou, but belongs to the allusions in poetry. In Yuan Qu, some poems with the theme of "nostalgia for the past" often combine several allusions to express their thoughts and feelings.
Such as Zhang Kejiu's "Flower Selling, Nostalgia":
Yu Ji died on the banks of the Wujiang River, and the war has burned the red cliff. General Ban Chao died in Yumenguan in vain.
The sad flames of Qin and Han Dynasties have made countless people miserable, and those who study can only sigh deeply.
The author selected three historical materials, namely Chu-Han War, Battle of Red Cliffs and the border war in Han Dynasty. They are the personal tragedy of innocent concubines who commit suicide in Wujiang River, the disaster of countless lives in the war, and the sadness of soldiers who don't return to the border, thus revealing the anti-war theme that the continuous war has brought only disasters to the people and expressing the author's helpless and complicated feelings for the country and the people.