Political clarity did not last long. In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Zhang Jiuling went on strike, and the power in the DPRK fell into Li's hands. The great changes in politics made Wang Wei have the idea of seclusion again. In Wang Wei's poems, he also mentioned that he lived in the south, and he also said that he lived in Wangchuan. Academic circles have no objection to Wang Wei's seclusion in Nanhe and Wangchuan, but they have different views on the specific time. He lived in seclusion in Central and South China for a short time, and his poems remained less. During his seclusion in Wangchuan, he was worried about Ding Mu's mother. During this period, he wrote 57 hermit poems. The reclusive poems in Wangchuan period were mostly landscape poems, followed by pastoral poems and landscape pastoral poems. Wang Wei's longing for a quiet life away from the noise can be seen in his poems.
Although Wang Wei lived in seclusion, he never got rid of the shackles of officialdom. Whether he lived in seclusion in his early years or later in Zhongnan and Wangchuan, he finally returned to his official position. In his early years, he retired in order to be a better official through the "shortcut to the south"; Living in seclusion in Zhongnan and Wangchuan is a temporary official retirement and leads a leisurely life in the mountains. In addition, Wang Wei's reclusive poems were also created during his tenure. These poems are different from those of seclusion. They are mainly not landscapes and pastoral areas, but mostly farewell, answering and singing. These poems show his nostalgia for his past seclusion and his yearning for it.
It can be seen that Wang Wei's hermit poems are mainly pure hermit poems, supplemented by hermit poems. The theme of Wang Wei's poetry is mainly pastoral poetry, of which landscape poetry is the most important. From his poems, we can see Wang Wei's longing for the seclusion of landscape fairies and his pursuit of natural beauty.
The biggest difference between Bai Juyi's recluse poems and Wang Wei's recluse poems is that his recluse poems are mainly generalized. This is related to Bai Juyi's lack of clear seclusion. Bai Juyi has been above the official position all his life. Although his official career is not smooth, he has also experienced middle-aged being an official, and he has a feeling of seclusion in his heart. However, in his later years, his career was very smooth, and he took the three products as a big official. Bai Juyi has never left the officialdom in his life. However, his poems still reveal his longing for seclusion, and the poems in his poems clearly express his desire for seclusion.
There are two characteristics in Bai Juyi's poems that show his recluse tendency. First, the time was concentrated in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty, and second, Bai Juyi's official career was not smooth during this period. At the end of Zhenyuan, the "two kings and eight Sima" were successively demoted, and the political situation in the DPRK was turbulent, which made Bai Juyi have the idea of seclusion. At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, Bai Juyi was awarded a bachelor's degree in Hanlin. He was very active in his career and wrote a lot of allegorical poems to express his loyalty to the monarch. However, satirical poems brought him not the attention of the ruling class, but the dissatisfaction of upper-level officials and the exclusion of colleagues. At the same time, the "Niu Li Party Struggle" became more and more fierce, and a series of events dealt a psychological blow to Bai Juyi. Since Bai Juyi became an official, poems with recluse tendency began to increase. Until the third year of Daiwa (829), he was appointed as a guest of the Prince in Luoyang, and there was no obvious recluse tendency in his poems.
Obviously, Bai Juyi's poems of this kind are caused by strong dissatisfaction caused by his unsuccessful official career. In addition, it is worth noting that Bai Juyi's recluse poems contain poems that can reflect his thoughts, while Wang Wei's recluse poems only show his recluse feelings of nostalgia for mountains and rivers, but do not clearly show his recluse thoughts. Bai Juyi's poem Zhong Yin represents his view of seclusion. The big one hides in the city, and the small one in the autumn sail. Autumn sails are too cold and the market is too noisy. It is better to hide in the middle and stay in the company. It seems out of place, neither busy nor idle. There is no effort and effort, and there is no hunger and cold. No official business at the end of the year, money with the month. If you are good at boarding, there are autumn mountains in the south of the city. If you love wandering, there is a spring garden in the east of the city. If you want to get drunk, go out to the guests' party. There are many gentlemen in Luo, and they can speak freely. If you want to lie high, hide yourself. There are no horses and chariots. I expect to get to the door. In life, it is difficult to have it both ways. A traitor is bitter, cold and fearful, and expensive is more worrying. Only hermits are lucky and safe here. The communication between the four is not smooth and the agreement is rich.
This poem reflects Bai Juyi's three understandings of seclusion, namely, great seclusion, middle seclusion and small seclusion. He believes that the highest level of seclusion is a person who lives in seclusion in the city. He is both an official and a hermit. The lowest level of seclusion is seclusion in the deep mountains, which are poor and lonely; What he admires most is seclusion, which is not only the way to be an official, but also a pure heart. Compared with courtiers, junior officials are neither busy nor idle in their official duties. They don't have to earn money as hard as hermits who live in seclusion in the mountains, and at the same time they have spare money to spend on sightseeing. This kind of life is comfortable and can achieve inner poverty. Bai Juyi's life in Luoyang in his later years is very similar to his views in the poem Zhong Yin. In Bai Juyi's poems in his later years, there is little mention of longing for seclusion. His poems mostly describe the leisure life of officials in their leisure time, and his psychological calm and open-mindedness pervade his poems.
This shows the change of Bai Juyi's thought. His poems no longer strongly express his feelings of longing for seclusion, but acquiesce that his current living condition is the best life, which is no different from that of hermits, even better than some poor hermits. Bai Juyi changed from longing for seclusion to pursuing the pure land of the soul. He is no different from a hermit as long as he keeps a hermit's heart. Where you live is not the most important thing. You can live in seclusion as an official. It is precisely because of Bai Juyi's recluse thought that some poems created around his recluse thought appear in his poems. These poems do not clearly express the recluse tendency, but they are consistent with his view of recluse and pursue a leisurely official life. Most of these poems were written by Bai Juyi when he was released from office, describing his living environment and daily chores in the official residence. Poetry reflects Bai Juyi's comfortable and quiet life as an official.
It can be seen that Bai Juyi's recluse poems are mainly recluse poems in a broad sense, which mostly reveal recluse feelings; In addition, his recluse poems are closely related to his recluse thoughts, and are created under the influence of his recluse thoughts, such as poems describing the recluse of officials.