First, the dynamic lining is static.
The so-called dynamic contrast is to use dynamic expressions, actions or sounds in poetry to contrast the tranquility of the surrounding environment or the loneliness of the mood. The contrast and inheritance of static and dynamic is also a common phenomenon in daily life: people are extremely sad and often laugh; Happy to the extreme, often crying, Du Fu? Outside the sword or picking thistles north, at first I couldn't stop tears from pouring out of my coat? That's it (the banks of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army). Similarly, at midnight? Tick-tock, tick-tock monotonous pendulum sound, or a burst of snoring, will make midnight seem more silent; The sound of shelling suddenly stopped, and the dead silence on the ground meant that a big war was about to begin. The ancient poets in China knew this principle well and applied it to poetry creation, such as Wang Ji's "If you are in Xi".
Why is it broad, and the clouds and water are long.
The afterglow of the sunset rises from the distant mountains, and the sun shines on the winding water.
The cicadas are singing, and the Woods are particularly quiet; The singing of birds in the mountains is more beautiful than usual.
This place has given me a hermit's heart. I'm tired of my official career but I'm not retired and sad.
Wang Ji was born in Linyi (now Linyi County, Shandong Province) and Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province). He is knowledgeable and talented. First official qi, then official Liang. Wang Ji has the demeanor of a celebrity in the Six Dynasties and likes to travel around. According to Liang Shu? Literary biographical records:? In addition to the king of Xiangdong, who joined the army without pomp, he must be inspected with the government. There is Yunmen Tianzhu Mountain in the county seat, which you can enjoy or stay there for several months. To ruoxi, there is a poem:? The cicadas are singing, and the Woods are particularly quiet; The singing of birds in the mountains is more beautiful than usual. ? At that time, I thought it was unique outside the text. ? . According to historical records, there are 10 volumes of Wang Ji's collected works, but only two of them have been handed down, including this poem "If you are in Xi", which shows the popularity of this poem. Ruoyexi is located in the southeast of Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. It originates from Ruoye Mountain, about 40 miles away from the city, and flows northward into Jianhu Lake. There are 36 forks in the road along the way, with lush trees, lush bamboo forests and beautiful and deep peaks, which is an excellent place for scenery. This poem by Wang Ji describes the feeling of visiting Ruoye River, and he was moved to retreat because of the beauty of mountains and rivers. One of the most famous is? Cicada is silent in the forest, Tonamiyama is more secluded? What is the technique of these two sentences? Keep quiet by moving? . In order to express the tranquility of the dense forest and the depth of the mountains, the poet used two dynamic sound effects: cicada singing and bird singing. The cicada singing and the constant bird singing seem to be a noisy world. But if you think about it carefully, it just shows the deep and quiet around Ruoyexi. Anyone with a little common sense of life knows that if cicadas keep barking (noisy), there are two prerequisites: First, the weather is hot and dry, but no one passes by. The former not only points out the season, but also implies that its depth is a good place for summer vacation; The latter is quieter and no one passes by. As for highlighting the singing of birds, in addition to further emphasizing that there is no one here, birds are not disturbed and sing freely, it also highlights the remote places in the depths of the mountains. Because only Lin? Quiet? , mountain? Quiet? , only? Cicada? 、? Bird song? . In addition, from the perspective of the whole poetic scene, these two sentences also well express the poet's physical and mental feelings of integrating into nature. This place is full of thoughts, and it has been sad and tired for many years. Prepare to pave the road. Because of this, these two poems have been sought after by later generations. Yan Zhitui's Yan Jiaxun? Articles, Wang Shizhen's "Yi Yan",? Biography of Wang Ji praised these two sentences, calling them? Unique outside the text? . Of course, some people don't understand this dialectics of motion and static, so they change it to? Is it quieter if birds don't sing mountains? . What is this? Tonamiyama is secluded? Or? Is it quieter if birds don't sing mountains? I think this conclusion is not difficult to draw.
Among Wang Wei's "Wang Chuan Bie Ji", there is a famous article "Abatis", which describes his seclusion in the mountains and reflects his empty mentality at this time. Keep quiet by moving? Skills:
No one can be seen in the silent valley, only the voice is heard.
Go back to the depths of the forest and shine at me from the green moss.
The poet deliberately expressed the silence of an empty mountain, but he didn't just write about silence, nor did he use cicadas and birds to make a comparison with Rainbow Ji's "Into the West", but used? People talk loudly? By contrast, this is really extraordinary. Because from the common sense, there is? People talk loudly? A place can't die. How can it be used to express silence? This is the difference between everyone and ordinary people. Because? People talk loudly? It seems to be broken? Silence? But it's actually partial and temporary? A ring? To reflect the long-term emptiness of the whole. The footsteps in the empty valley show the emptiness of the empty valley. Imagine: wait for this? Human language? After that, isn't the empty mountain going to fall into a more empty situation? What's more, we didn't see a figure, only heard voices from time to time, giving people a sense of emptiness. Is it with him in another famous "Autumn Night in the Mountain"? Whispering bamboo, the washerwoman comes home, and the lotus leaves yield before the fishing boat? Other sentences use similar methods. The poet meant to show the tranquility of a mountain village in autumn night, but he used the noise of Huan women and the return of fishing boats as a contrast. But we are not allowed to hear the girls' laughter directly, but let the sound pass through the bamboo forest and the secret bamboo forest; Nor let us see the passing fishing boats, but let us feel it through the shaking of lotus leaves, which not only weakens the intensity of sound and the amplitude of action, but also makes the picture more quiet and elegant through bamboo forests and lotus leaves. Wang Wei is a master of the Southern School of Painting, and Su Shi once praised Wang Wei. Are there any pictures in the poem? This photo of the autumn night in the mountains can be used as a witness. Similarly, if the first two sentences of Abatis are dynamic and static, what about the last two sentences? Go back to the depths of the forest and shine at me from the moss? It is also a masterpiece using the principle of painting. What is this principle? Light versus darkness? . Writing about a dark place usually emphasizes that there is no sunshine and even exaggerates it. I can't see my fingers? . After all, Wang Wei is different from ordinary people. He used the painter's unique sensitivity to color and light to arrange sunlight on the picture and let it shine on the ground through the Woods. At first glance, this ray of sunshine brings bright colors to the dark forest, a little warmth to the cold moss, and even a little vitality to the lonely Abatis. But if you appreciate it carefully, you will find that both the author's subjective intention and the objective effect of the work are contrary to this. Because darkness blindly makes people feel that it is dark, and with a ray of light as a foil, we can better show the surrounding darkness. Imagine that when a ray of afterglow shines on the dark moss through mottled tree shadows, that small piece of faint light and shadow will form a stronger contrast with the surrounding darkness, making the darkness in the depths of the forest more obvious. What's more, what is this? Back in the sunset, the light is not only weak but also short. On second thought, once this happens? Review? After falling from the sky, the whole deep forest will not fall into longer darkness!
It must be pointed out that as a master of painting and music, Wang Wei's subtle handling of movement and light and shade is everywhere in his poems. Bird watching creek is also concentrated in Wangchuan: people are idle, osmanthus flowers fall, and the night is quiet and the mountains are empty. When the moon is out and the birds are startled, when the spring is flowing? ; Wu Xinyi:? The branches of the topmost hibiscus flowers are full of scarlet calyx in the mountains. The household registration is empty, leaving it open? ; Zhulou:? I leaned alone in the dense bamboo, playing the piano and humming a song. The voice is so low that no one can hear except my partner Mingyue? And so on, all adopt similar methods.
Liu Zongyuan's The Story of Little Stone Pond is a poetic prose. This technique is also used when highlighting the quietness of the small stone pond where the author was relegated, such as describing the course of swimming fish:
There are hundreds of fish in the pond. They are all swimming in the air. The sun is shining, and the shadow is motionless on the stone. It takes a long time to die and the communication is sudden, which seems very interesting to tourists.
? Are you all wandering in the air? Is it to highlight the cleanliness of the small stone pond so that even the fish in the pond can be counted? A hundred heads? Look at the clarity of the pool water. After Yongzhen's innovation failed, the author was demoted to Yongzhou Sima. Understandably, the author is full of enthusiasm for his country, but in the end he is in an abandoned state. In the story of Xiaoshitang, the poet hints at his noble character through the cleanliness of the pool water, and sets off his grief and indignation in the barren state with the silence around Xiaoshitang. When the author highlights the silence around Xiaoshitang, he also uses the method of dynamic and static contrast: the author deliberately describes the various forms of fish swimming in the pond, and then what? Shadow on the stone, standing still? , for a while? Far away, and suddenly? . Is it? Stay still? Or? Back and forth? Everyone has a premise: there is no one here and the fish are not disturbed, so this? Moving? Is it a comparison? Quiet? , thus highlighting the grief and indignation of doing nothing in a barren state.
Second, change static to dynamic.
With what? Keep quiet by moving? On the contrary, turning static into dynamic is to make inanimate objects alive and dynamic through the language actions of characters, and deliberately turn static images into vivid scenes, leaving a deep impression on people, images or objective scenery. In the way of expression, description and exaggeration are often used to avoid narrative or explanatory words, such as Du Fu's A Boy's Journey:
A white-faced man immediately dismounted from the street and sat on the bed.
I don't know who my surname is, so I want a silver bottle of wine.
In order to express a teenager's rough and unrestrained personality, the poet adopted three kinds of language actions with extremely strong sense of dynamic: first, dismount and sit on the bed? . Turn over and dismount, this is a vigorous action. It seems rude of you to sit down at home without saying hello to your master. Bed? Fingers? Hu Chuang? , low and wide, similar to today's sofa), and the second is to write the language-deaf surname? It is not only an action to supplement the previous sentence, but also a poet's comment on this action; The third sentence? Pointing at a silver bottle for wine tasting? Another kind of dynamic description, right? How generous? Further supplementary explanation. Describing characters can be static or dynamic. Du Fu completely uses dynamic techniques to complete static sketch here, and vividly depicts the character of a careless and rude young man with strong dynamic language and sense of action. Du Fu also wrote "The two sides of the Yellow River were recovered by the imperial army":
The news of this distant western station! The north has been recovered! At first, I couldn't stop crying on my coat.
Where are my wife and son? There is not a trace of sadness on their faces. However, I packed my books and poems crazily.
On a green spring day, I began to go home, singing my songs loudly and drinking my wine.
Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! .
Is this song called by Du Fu's poetry researcher? The first quick poem in life? His poems were written in the spring of the first year of Guangde, Tang Dezong. Prior to this, Guo Ziyi and others won a great victory in Hengshui near Luoyang, and Xue Song and Zhang Zhongzhi, leaders of Anshi Rebellion, surrendered one after another. In the second year, that is, in the first month of the first year of Guangde, Shi Siming's son Shi Chaoyi committed suicide in defeat, and his Ministry Tian and Li Huaixian surrendered one after another. Northern Hebei (now northeast Hebei), the home of Anshi Rebellion, was recovered by Tang Jun. At that time, Du Fu's family drifted in Zizhou (now Santai County, Sichuan Province) and had been displaced from their homes for more than eight years because of the war. The news brought unexpected surprises to the patriotic poet and the hope of returning to his hometown. He excitedly wrote the first short poem in his life. Tears flooded the clothes from the expression in the poem? To action:? A book of poetry? 、? Play a song? 、? Indulge in wine; From reality to reverie:? Come back from this mountain, pass another mountain, go up from the south and then go north-to my own town! ? Everything is full of joy, everything is full of vitality. Therefore, the poetic theory lamented:? This poem is full of joy and twists and turns. (Wang Du Fu)