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Sailing in Guazhou is a seven-character quatrain written by Wang Anshi, a famous poet in the Northern Song Dynasty, which expresses the poet's homesickness. Among them, the famous sentence "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan, when will the bright moon shine on me?" Has been sung for thousands of years. The word "green" in the poem turns the invisible spring breeze into a vivid image.
Boarding Guazhou
(Song) Wang Anshi
A water room in Guazhou, Jingkou,
Zhongshan is separated by only a few mountains.
The spring breeze in Jiang Nanan is green,
When will the bright moon shine on me?
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Annotation translation
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Boarding Guazhou
"Dengguazhou" 1, berthing: stop the ship. Park. Park.
2. Jingkou: In Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, on the south bank of the Yangtze River.
3. Guazhou: North bank of the Yangtze River, south of Yangzhou. (foothold)
4. Yishui: The "Yishui" here refers to the Yangtze River.
5. Interval: Pay attention to reading, not the verb "interval". According to the flat and even meter of this poem, the inherent meaning of the word "frugal" and the ancient language habits, the word "frugal" must be flat and even. "Yishuijian" is a phrase with deviation in part of speech. Its internal structure is the same as "within a stone's throw", "within a few steps", "in an instant" and "between thoughts". Its central word is "Jian" and its restrictive element is "Yishui". Jingkou and Guazhou are within the distance of a river. There is an old saying in China, that is, "separated by a water". What Wang Anshi wants to say is the proximity of Jiangnan and Jiangbei, not their isolation.
6. Zhongshan: Purple Mountain in Nanjing today.
7. Interval: Interval.
8. Weight: How many floors? Read Xuchang
9, green: blowing green.
9. When: When.
10, huán: Go back.
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There is only one river from Jingkou to Guazhou, and only a few mountains from Jingkou to Zhongshan.
The spring breeze has turned the banks of the Yangtze River green again. When will the bright moon shine on me and return to my hometown?
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Appreciation of Wang Anshi's boating in Guazhou
Enjoy 1
The title of this poem is "boating in Guazhou", which points out the poet's foothold. The first sentence, "a water room in Guazhou, Jingkou", describes the scenery in front of us. The poet stood at Guazhou Ferry on the north bank of the Yangtze River and looked south. He saw that the "Jingkou" on the south bank was so close to Guazhou, just across a river, and he couldn't help thinking of Zhongshan, where his home was located.
Boarding Guazhou
Only a few mountains away, and not far. The second sentence "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains" implies the mood of the poet anxious to return.
The third sentence of "boating in Guazhou" is a famous sentence throughout the ages. Write the scenery again and point it out.
Off-season is spring, depicting the scenery on the south bank of the Yangtze River. The word "green" means blowing green, and it is used wonderfully. Legend has it that Wang Anshi changed the word more than ten times in order to make good use of it, and finally chose the word "Qing" from more than ten verbs such as "Zhi", "Zhi", "Zhi" and "Zhi". Because other words only express the arrival of spring breeze, but they do not show the changes of a new green landscape on the Qianli River bank after the arrival of spring. After summing up the sentence "When will the bright moon shine on me?" The poet has been waiting for a long time, but he didn't realize that from the beginning of the bright moon, the poet imagined a picture of "The bright moon shines on me?" It further shows the poet's homesickness and expresses his homesickness!
Appreciate II
This four-line poem touches the scene, and through the description of spring scenery, it shows the poet's helplessness in becoming an official and his urgent desire to return to Jiangning. The first two sentences describe a trip to the north. The poet went to Beijing, but only looked back at Jiangning, showing a complicated psychology of not wanting to go to work. In the last two sentences, I wrote down my thoughts with the scenery, which not only brought me comfort from the reform, but also had the idea of early retirement. When the poet looks back at the south of the Yangtze River, the land is green, which is of course the green of spring breeze, but isn't the lush rice seedlings the actual effect of the reform measures such as the Young Seedling Law? However, officialdom is full of dangers. The poet looked at Guazhou Ferry and Zhongshan Moon and sighed, "When will the Moon shine on me?" The poet wants to leave the officialdom early, which is very touching. This poem is not only lyrical with scenery, but also full of emotion, open realm and fresh style. The most fascinating thing is the tempering of rhetoric. According to the original sentence of Hong Mai's Rongzhai Essays, "Spring breeze is greener in Jiang Nanan" and "Spring breeze is" reaching "in Jiang Nanan", the word "reaching" is circled and the note says "not good". Change it to' country', change it to' gold' and change it to' people' after a circle. If it is ten words, it is designated as' green'. It has really reached the situation of "the language is not amazing and endless". In fact, the poet is not only refining words, but also refining ideas, which is in line with the situation of poetry.
Appreciation 3
The Appreciation Dictionary of Tang Poetry published by Shanghai Dictionary Publishing House commented on Wang Anshi's poem Dengguazhou in this way: "The first sentence is' Guazhou at Jingkou is a stream', and he wrote in a pleasant style that he crossed the river from Jingkou and arrived in Guazhou. The word' a stream' describes that the ship is fast and arrives in an instant. The second sentence "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains" describes his attachment to Zhongshan, and the third sentence "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" describes the vibrant scenery, echoing the poet's mood of returning to Beijing. The word "spring breeze" is both realistic and political. Song Shenzong wrote a letter to restore Wang Anshi's phase, indicating his determination to implement the new law. In this respect, the poet is delighted. He hopes to warm the spring breeze, dispel the cold current of politics and create a new situation of political reform. The word "green" also expresses the poet's inner contradiction and expresses the author's desire to resign and return home as soon as possible. This wish was not clearly revealed until the conclusion. " -it is very representative to analyze the poetic nature of the poem "boating in Guazhou" by strengthening political color. However, there is an unreasonable contradiction in this analysis: the poet can neither have the joy of being recalled to Beijing if he wants to resign as soon as possible, nor have the idea of resigning as soon as he takes office in Beijing. The two are like fire and water, and fire and water are incompatible. Some critics also asserted that the poet's return to politics this time can be described as a triumphant return, and he was overjoyed. The homesickness of the so-called "when the moon shines on me" is just an affectation and cannot be taken seriously. "The spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan" means gratitude to the emperor, optimistic description of the implementation prospect of the new law, and the poet's inner empathy for the joy of governance. The emotional tone of this poem is cheerful and optimistic.
The above two theories are the most representative arguments to interpret the poem "Sailing in Guazhou". However, interpreting this poem as a political lyric is neither in line with the poet's specific fate and mood when he created this poem, nor with the connotation of the artistic image constructed by this poem itself. "Boating in Guazhou" should be a pure homesick poem, and its emotional tone should be melancholy and sad, without the color of relaxation, joy and optimism.
The poet was 55 years old when he wrote this poem. In recent years, the court has been arguing and criticizing the new law and the old law endlessly, which makes the implementation of the new law very difficult. Therefore, Wang Anshi, who had some negative thoughts, experienced two setbacks and was exhausted because of the implementation of the new law, and he had a strong sense of boredom with politics. During his dismissal from office, he wrote many poems describing natural scenery and expressing leisure. Wang Anshi resigned twice, so he could not reuse the imperial court, which was responsible for "harmony". Therefore, his appointment this time was very reluctant in terms of mood. After he came to power, he repeatedly requested to remove the post of Prime Minister. Finally, in the second year after his comeback, he got his wish and returned to his hometown Jiangning to live a comfortable and secluded life. It can be seen from this short comeback process that returning to power in the DPRK is not what Wang Anshi expected, but what he is keen on. On the contrary, he regarded his comeback as a fearful road and refused to resign many times. Obviously, writing "Boating in Guazhou" in such a state of mind is inevitably filled with melancholy, sadness and depression, and it is inevitable that there is no deep attachment to the hometown where you are about to leave. How does he express his joy at the return of "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan"? Look at the poem itself. At the end of the poem, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" It is the main theme of the whole poem. It sets a melancholy and sad emotional tone for the whole poem in the form of expressing one's mind directly, and clearly tells people that the poet is not happy to return to politics as he wishes, but is more eager. On the contrary, the poet is far from reaching the capital, and his hometown has not disappeared from sight. In his mind, he has sincerely sent out the idea of going home. Isn't this homesickness deep and sincere? The bright moon sent me away today. When will the bright moon send me back? The official career is sinister, and good or bad luck is unpredictable. The word "dang" is a heavy sigh from the poet's heart, which contains the poet's concern about the sinister career and the future of the implementation of the new law. Poetic worries are deep and the style is desolate. It was a sigh as deep as his voice, a true and natural expression of the poet's depressed mentality.
On the other hand, judging from the emotional tone of homesickness set in the conclusion, it is impossible to emphasize the speed of the ship in time to write the poet's relaxed mood in A Water between Guazhou and Jingkou. Like "Zhongshan is only separated by several mountains", it emphasizes the distance between the mountains and rivers in my hometown and the poets who traveled to Guazhou in Jiangbei at this time. At this time, the poet "berthed in Guazhou", looking back at the south, the familiar and cordial "Jingkou" is only separated by water, and "Zhongshan" is only separated by several mountains, which is really close at hand. However, the spatial proximity reflects the poet's psychological distance. Because my hometown is so close, but it is out of reach. And with the passage of time, the distance will get bigger and bigger, what's more, I don't know when I will come back, and I don't know when I will see the mountains and rivers of this hometown again. Even he may think more pessimistically whether he can return to his hometown in the future. Here, the poet used the artistic technique that the opposites complement each other from the near to the far, euphemistically and implicitly expressed the sadness and helplessness in the poet's heart, and showed the great sense of loss and loneliness in the poet's heart. In fact, the Yangtze River, several mountains, the spatial distance between them is also very large. The poet writes in a short way to emphasize the poet's strong attachment to his hometown, which is a natural expression of his nostalgia for his hometown. How can he be relaxed and happy?
It is precisely because the theme of this poem is to express deep homesickness that the focus of the third sentence "Spring Breeze and Green Jiang Nanan" in the poem does not fall on the description of the beautiful spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, as the general theorists say, and its language focus is not the word "green" but the word "tour". The reason why people especially appreciate the vivid, colorful and infectious description of the beautiful scenery of spring with the adjective "green" as a verb lies in the well-known story of refining Chinese characters recorded in Hong Mai's Rong Zhai Xu. In fact, Wang Anshi does not want to describe the beauty of spring scenery in Jiangnan. He is concerned with the word "you", not the word "green". What he wants to express is that the spring breeze is still affectionate. He knows the annual "Green Jiang Nanan", but the poet himself has to leave his hometown in the south of the Yangtze River against his will and re-embark on his official career when the spring breeze turns green in Jiang Nanan. The future of this trip is unpredictable. I don't know when I can "go back" to my hometown in Jiangnan. The word "you" is a true portrayal of the poet's infinite homesickness, which is hard to get rid of.
It is precisely because of the first three sentences that the feelings of layering in the landscape have led to the pen of homesickness, which ended the sentence "When will the bright moon shine on me?" Naturally, it came out and brought homesickness to the extreme. From this perspective, Wang Anshi's visit to Guazhou is not a political lyric poem, but a pure homesickness poem.
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Poetry criticism
This is a famous lyric poem, which expresses the poet's deep affection for overlooking the south of the Yangtze River and missing his hometown. Literally, this poem shows nostalgia for my hometown. I have a great desire to fly across the river and reunite with my relatives. In fact, there is also a strong desire to return to politics and implement the New Deal between the lines.
When the poet looks back at the south of the Yangtze River, the land is green, which is of course the green of spring breeze, but isn't the lush rice seedlings the actual effect of the reform measures such as the Young Seedling Law? However, officialdom is full of dangers. The poet looked at Guazhou Ferry and the bright moon in Zhongshan and sighed, "When will the bright moon shine on me?" The poet wants to leave the officialdom early, which reflects the author's desire to return to his hometown without interest disputes. It is very touching. This poem is not only lyrical with scenery, but also full of emotion, open realm and fresh style. The most fascinating thing is the tempering of rhetoric.
Among them, the word "green" can be understood by the poet's modification of words, and the blowing is changed to green in order to be vivid. Before this, Wang Anshi also changed the word many times, but in the end it was changed to "green".
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Poetry criticism
Dengguazhou is a seven-character quatrain, and the whole poem rhymes with (An). In the early spring of one year, the poet Wang Anshi went from Yangzhou to Guazhou Ferry and anxious to return, hoping to return to his apartment in Zhongshan, Jinling as soon as possible-he has been suspended since the failure of political reform and has lived here ever since. He intends to cross the Yangtze River by boat first, land at Jingkou (now Zhenjiang, Jiangsu) on the other side, and then rush back to Zhongshan overnight.
As dusk approaches, the ship has approached the south bank, so it's time to go ashore. The poet couldn't help looking to the west, only to see the mountains and peaks, stretching into the distance, and finally being covered by clouds, not seeing Zhongshan outside the sunset. But it's not far, you know, from Jingkou to Jinling, there are only a few peaks in the middle! As soon as the ship landed, Wang Anshi jumped ashore first. Suddenly, a spring breeze blew, with an intoxicating fragrance of flowers. Ah! The pace of the poet just caught up with the pace of spring, and his feet stepped on the green carpet in the south of the Yangtze River. Back to the north bank of Wangjiang, there are only gray twilight and rolling smoke waves ... At this time, a bright moon rises in the east and will accompany the poet to go home overnight and reunite with his relatives. On a whim, Wang Anshi casually sang a quatrain:
There is a water stream in Guazhou, Jingkou, and only a few mountains separate Zhongshan.
The spring breeze came to Jiang Nanan again. When will the bright moon shine on me?
He repeatedly recited and thought along the way, and always felt that the word "to" in the third sentence was too mediocre and not appropriate enough. Later, it was changed to "country". I have seen it several times, but it is not good. Changed to the word "Jin"-"Spring breeze has entered Jiang Nanan again", hey, what does it look like? Not good! He said to himself, and then changed the word "people"-"Spring breeze filled the south bank of the river again". Alas, the more he changed, the more outrageous he became. The poet abandoned the word "person" and ran for more than ten miles. He thought and thought, changed and changed, but he couldn't find a suitable word. Finally, he suddenly thought of the poem "the east wind is coming, and the green lake has climbed the mountain". Isn't the green mountains, green waters and wild vegetation seen on the boat a symbol of spring in the south of the Yangtze River? Why not use a "green" word? So the poet chanted loudly:
"Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan"-what a green word!
Wang Anshi decided to use the word "green" instead of "to", "to", "to" and "to". The next day, when the poet returned to his apartment in Zhongshan, he immediately copied the poem in his manuscript.
The poet wanted to use a verb to express the scene of spring scenery in the south of the Yangtze River, but he finally chose an adjective as a verb, which is "adjective usage". "Green" not only means "green", but also means "blowing green", which is the personification of spring breeze and adds dynamic beauty. The poem "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan" means that the political reform movement will bring people a better life. This poem is famous for "Ci changes frequently, and it comes out from time to time" ("Tong Meng Shi Hua").
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Brief introduction of the author
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1 year-1086) was born in the Northern Song Dynasty. Word, number mid-levels, called "Wen". Small character
Badger Lang, named Jing Guogong, is known as Wang Ye in the world. Han nationality, Linchuan (now from Shangchi Village, dongxiang county City, Jiangxi Province) is also called Mr. Linchuan. An outstanding politician, writer, thinker and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Outstanding literary achievements. His poem "Learn from Du Fu's thin and bitter songs" is good at reasoning and rhetoric, and is good at using allusions. His style is vigorous, alert and delicate, and there are also works with deep feelings. He is the author of Collected Works of Mr. Linchuan. He was born in a small official family. Father's benefit, word loss, is a judge of Linjiang army, and he has served as a county official in several States all his life. Anshi doesn't like reading very much, has a strong memory and is well educated. In the second year (1042), Li Qing ranked fourth in Emperor Wen of Sui Jinshi list, and successively served as the prison officer of Huainan magistrate, Yinxian magistrate, Changzhou magistrate and Tiaodian Jiangdong. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), Zong Shenchu acceded to the throne, and Zhao 'an was called a bachelor of Hanlin from Jiangning Government School. In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in politics. Since Xining three years ago, he has served as a member of the same school twice to publicize the new law. Ning lived in seclusion after nine years' strike, and died in Zhongshan and posthumous title, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), also known as Wang Wengong. Its political reform had a far-reaching impact on the social economy in the late Northern Song Dynasty and had the characteristics of modern reform. Lenin praised him as "1 1 century China's great reformer". Together with "Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Xun, Su Shi, Su Zhe and Ceng Gong", they are called "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Portrait of Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1 year-1086 May 2 1 day), named Mid-Levels, was named Jing Guogong. Han nationality. Linchuan (now Dengjiaxiang, Jinglu, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province) was an outstanding politician, thinker, writer and reformer in the Northern Song Dynasty, and was one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. There are Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection. Officials to the prime minister advocate reform and political reform. Poems such as Yuanri and Meihua are the most famous.
Chinese name: Wang Anshi Nationality: China Nationality: birthplace of Han nationality: Linchuan (now Fuzhou) Date of birth: 102 1 Date of death: 1086 Major achievements: writer.
politician
Representative works of reformers: Wang Linchuan's Collection and Linchuan's Collection.
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come to the point
Where is Jingkou?
Jingkou is today's Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, near the Yangtze River. Guazhou is an island on the other side (now it is gone). Because it is also the Yangtze River exit of the Grand Canal, the water traffic is very busy.
Zhongshan is Nanjing. There is Zhongshan in Nanjing.
The poem means that Zhenjiang and Guazhou are separated by only one water, and Nanjing is separated by only a few mountains.
Nanjing Zhongshan Scenic Area, located in the northeast suburb of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, is one of the first national scenic spots in China. With Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum as the center, it includes two major areas, Purple Mountain and Xuanwu Lake, with a total area of about 45 square kilometers. The beautiful natural scenery and rich historical relics here enjoy the reputation of "Jinling Yu Xiu". Zhongshan, the remaining vein of Maoshan Mountain in the south of the Yangtze River, is located outside the Zhonghua Gate in Nanjing. In ancient times, it was called Jinling Mountain and Shengyou Mountain. In the Three Kingdoms period, Soochow was called Shan Jiang. It is 7.4 kilometers long from east to west, 3 kilometers wide from north to south and about 20 kilometers in circumference. It twists and turns, was thrown into the Youlong, so the ancients called it "clock plate". There are purple shale formations on the mountain. Under the sunlight, Purple Mountain is brilliant from a distance, so people also call it Purple Mountain. There are three peaks in the mountain: the north peak of the main peak is 468 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Jinling; The second peak is in the southeast, named Xiaomaoshan, with an altitude of 360 meters, and the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is at its southern foot. The third peak is in the southwest. Because the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom once built Tianbao City on the mountain, it is called Tianbao Mountain, with an altitude of 250 meters. The famous Purple Mountain Observatory was built on the top of this mountain. Xuanwu Lake is located in the west of Zhongshan and the north of Nanjing. It was called Sangbo in ancient times, also known as Houhu. Lakes and mountains, beautiful scenery. Xuanwu Lake Park is now built, with an area of 4.7 square kilometers, of which the water surface accounts for about 3.7 square kilometers, and the circumference around the lake is about 10 kilometers. There are islands in the lake, which are called continents and connected by bridges. The lake is rippling with blue waves, the island is lush with green trees and picturesque green hills, and it is also a "treasure land" for scenic tourism in Jinling. There are also ancient Taicheng ruins, Jiming Temple and Arctic Pavilion nearby.
Address: Nanjing Zhongshan Scenic Area is located in the northeast suburb of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.