Han Yu (768 ~ 824), a writer, philosopher and thinker in the Tang Dynasty, was born in Heyang (now mengzhou city, Jiaozuo, Henan) and was of the Han nationality. Originally from Changli, Hebei Province, he was known as Han Changli in the world. In his later years, he served as assistant minister of the official department, also known as the Korean official department. Posthumous title "Wen", also known as Han Wengong. He and Liu Zongyuan were both advocates of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, who advocated learning the prose language of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, breaking parallel prose and expanding the expressive function of classical Chinese. In the Song Dynasty, Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature", and in the Ming Dynasty, he was regarded as the head of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and was also called "Liu Han" with Liu Zongyuan. Known as "a great man of literate Sect" and "a hundred schools of literature", all his works are included in Mr. Changli's anthology. Han Yu is the founder of China's "orthodoxy" concept and a symbolic figure who respects Confucianism and opposes Buddhism.
Han Yu is a descendant of the nobles of the Northern Wei Dynasty, and his father Zhong Qing is a small bureaucrat. Han Yu lost his father at the age of 3, and later went to Guangdong with his brother Han Hui. After my brother died, my sister-in-law Zheng and I moved to Xuancheng. He studied at the age of 7, and could write at the age of 65,438+03. He learned from Duguji and Liang Su, cared about politics, and determined the direction of his life's efforts. In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), he was a scholar, and was promoted for our time and supervised the suggestion. At the end of Dezong, he was demoted because of the shortcomings of writing a letter about current affairs and politics. In Tang Xianzong, he was a doctor in Guo Zi, a historian and a calligrapher in China. In the 14th year of Yuanhe (8 19), he was demoted as the secretariat of Chaozhou for discouraging Xianzong from welcoming Buddha bones. Mu Zong was then the son of the nation offering wine, assistant minister of the Ministry of War, assistant minister of the official department, and Jing was the suggestion. In the fourth year of Changqing (824), he died in the first month.
Han Yu was politically opposed to the separatist regime in the buffer region. Xian Zongyuan and He took an active part in the war against Huai and Wu Yuanji, and served as the marching Sima of Pei Du. He worships Confucianism ideologically, urges Buddhism to reform and innovate, and advocates the theory of destiny at the same time. He believes that "heaven" can reward good and punish evil, and people can only obey the destiny. His theistic thought met the need of consolidating feudal rule.
Han Yu opposed parallel prose in literature since Wei and Jin Dynasties, advocated ancient prose and advocated that prose should carry Tao. Together with Liu Zongyuan, he was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty. Due to the advocacy of Liu Zongyuan and others, the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty was formed, which opened up the development path of ancient prose since the Tang and Song Dynasties. He is good at all kinds of ancient prose, such as political comments, recitation, opening books, prefaces and postscripts, essays, biographies, eulogies, epitaphs and even legends, which can be roughly classified into two categories: discussion and narration. His essays are vigorous and rigorous in logic, such as admonishing Buddha's bones, The Original Way, Destroying God, Defending Ministers, and Commenting on Teachers. The narrative of love and hate is clear and lyrical. Famous works include Preface to Send Li Yuan to Pangu, Preface to Send Dong Shaonan, Postscript of Zhang Zhongcheng's Biography, Ode to Twelve Lang, and Liu Zihou's Epitaph. Korean is bold and unrestrained, with distinctive style and unique language. Especially good at tempering words and bringing forth new ones. Many incisive words have become idioms, which are still preserved in literary language and people's spoken language. Although the achievements of Korean poetry are not as good as those of prose, it also occupies an important position in the middle Tang Dynasty and has a great influence on Song poetry. Later generations spoke highly of Han Yu, who was regarded as the first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Du Mu juxtaposes Korean with Du Fu's poems, which is called "Du Fu's Poetry Book". Su Shi called him "the decline of eight generations of literature."
Han Yu is indeed a rare historical talent, and his influence dwarfs countless emperors. On the political stage in the mid-Tang Dynasty, he played the roles of supervising the imperial censor, taking exams, learning the imperial edict from doctors, serving as assistant minister of punishments, making a toast to imperial academy, and serving as assistant minister of official departments. I have made great achievements wherever I go. But his main contribution is in literature. He is an advocate of the ancient prose movement, advocating inheriting the prose tradition of the pre-Qin and Han dynasties, and opposing the parallel prose that pays attention to the antithesis of melody and ignores the content. Wei Wen was honored as the first of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties" because of his majestic, thorough reasoning and strong logic. In terms of feudal ideology and morality, he is also unique, resolutely opposing Buddhism and rejecting Taoism, vigorously advocating Confucianism, and advocating the inheritance of Confucian orthodoxy, which is the forerunner of Neo-Confucianism in Song and Ming Dynasties. Therefore, Su Shi, a Song Dynasty man, highly praised him, saying that he had a great achievement of "decline after eight generations, and his Tao was weaker than the world".