1. Cultivate students' interest in the ancient culture of the motherland.
2. Experience the artistic conception depicted in poetry.
3. Experience the thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry.
4. Understand the respective characteristics of China's ancient poems in genre.
Emphasis and difficulty in teaching
1, experience the artistic conception described in poetry.
2. Experience the thoughts and feelings expressed in poetry.
3. The artistic conception described in poetry is difficult to understand.
Teaching assumption
teaching method
Poetry is the product of emotion. The teaching of ancient poetry should show scenes, stimulate students' emotions and develop reasonable imagination, so as to cultivate students' interest in learning ancient poetry and improve their ability. Therefore, the teaching method is mainly situational teaching method, supplemented by reading, comparison, self-study counseling, drawing, reasoning, imagination and other methods.
Media design
Self-made multimedia courseware (the background reflected by ancient poems), or color pictures, recordings, etc.
Preparation before class
Arrange students to collect relevant information about Wang Wei, Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Anshi and Zhao Yi.
Teaching hours? 2 class hours
Teaching step
first kind
First, guide the design.
China is a country of poetry. From the Book of Songs, through the Han Dynasty, the Six Dynasties, the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty, until now, these poems are like the winding Great Wall, layered and arranged in rows. Reading these poems is like watching the Great Wall: seeing the whole picture of the Great Wall gives you a sense of momentum and macro; When you come to the crib, observation deck, touch the remains, see the scenery, feel sad when you leave, and the mood of worrying about the country, the people and the loved ones arises spontaneously; Stop and go, look into the distance, think into the poetic realm, and thought-provoking thoughts will be formed. Yes, waiting for songs is the product of emotions. Different places, different times … will produce different moods and create different poems. Today, let's explore the footprints of the ancients, guess the mood of celebrities and appreciate the realm of famous works.
Learn the first two songs in this lesson. It is required to understand and recite these two poems.
Second, appreciation of "To the Fortress"
(1) Solve the problem
1, students look at the topic and understand its meaning.
2. Know Wang Wei with the topic "How much do I know about Wang Wei". (Students speak according to the preparation before class)
3. Teacher's summary: Wang Wei (70 1 ~ 76 1) has touching words and well-written poems. Reading his poems is like reading a painting; His paintings are also good. Appreciating his paintings is like reading poems. Therefore, his poems and paintings are known as "paintings in poems, poems in paintings", which is the same as Meng Haoran and is called "Wang Meng". I wrote some frontier poems in the early stage and included them in Wang Youcheng Collection. To the Fortress is a masterpiece.
In the 25th year of Kaiyuan (737), Cui, our envoy from Hexi, was defeated by Tubo, and Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty ordered Wang Wei to go through the customs as the censor to inspect the military situation. This poem was written on the way to the border.
(B) Study the text
1, listen to the song and read, and show the content picture (or color picture) of "The Fortress".
Requirements: Listen to the pronunciation and distinguish the rhythm.
Positive sound: genus (? ) country? Sign a tent (? ) Hansel (? ) ? Xiao (? ) off? Yan (? ) However,
2. Teachers and students recite music with clear rhythm.
3. Read silently, while reading the explanation, while trying to figure out the meaning of the poem.
4, study, communicate with each other in groups of 4, and write down the difficulties.
5, interpretation, students read sentences and discuss similarities and differences to correct them.
"I want to ask over there by bike", so I won't go by car. Where are you going? "Belonging to the country, living in Tuo", living in Tuo far away in the northwest frontier.
The poet compared himself to Peng and Yan, saying that he came out of the Hanseatic grass in Gone with the Wind and entered the lake field like a wild goose flying north. In ancient poetry, flying over the eaves and walking over the wall is often used as a metaphor for a wandering wanderer, but here it is a metaphor for a minister with a court mission, who is secretly writing the poet's inner anger and depression. Echoing the first sentence "Bicycle", Wan Li only brought the word 10 lightly on this trip.
Then it describes the typical scenery in the desert: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." The last two sentences are written to arrive at the frontier fortress: "Xiaoguan is protected in Yanran every time he rides a horse." When I arrived at the frontier fortress, I didn't see the general. The scouts told the special envoy that the general was at the front.
6. Enjoy reading and read this poem over and over again. what do you think of it ? What is the best word and what are its advantages?
After the students talked, the teacher concluded:
The poet concentrates his pen and ink on what he is best at-writing landscapes. It's just spring to go to the frontier fortress. On the way, I saw a few lines of geese returning to the north, and then I set up a scene metaphor. I use returning geese to compare myself, which is both narrative and scenery-writing, appropriate and natural. In particular, the link of "lonely smoke in the desert, long river setting the yen" describes the strange and magnificent scenery outside the Great Wall after entering the frontier fortress. The picture is open and the artistic conception is magnificent, which is called "the wonders of the ages" by Wang Guowei.
The frontier desert is boundless, so the word "big" is used. The frontier fortress is desolate and wonders. The smoke lit by the beacon tower is particularly eye-catching, so it is called "solitary smoke". A word "solitary" describes the monotony of the landscape, and a word "straight" behind it also shows its strength and perseverance. There are no mountains and trees in the desert, and the Yellow River flowing through it cannot express the poet's feelings unless the word "long" is used. Sunset, originally easy to give people a sentimental impression, uses the word "round" here, but it gives people a feeling of warmth and boundless. The word "circle" and "straight" not only accurately describes the desert scene, but also shows the author's deep affection. The poet skillfully integrated his loneliness into the description of the vast natural scenery.
The forty-eighth chapter of A Dream of Red Mansions said: "The desert is lonely and straight, and the long river sets the yen." How straight do you want to smoke? The sun is born round: the word "straight" seems unreasonable, and the word "round" seems too vulgar. When I closed the book and remembered, I seemed to have seen this scene. You have to look for two more words of these two, but you can't find two words. This is the advantage of poetry, which means that if you can't say it, you can leave if you want. It seems unreasonable, but it is also reasonable to want to go. "This passage can be regarded as revealing the superb artistic realm of these two poems. The poem describes what the poet saw and heard on his way to the fortress, and the fifth and sixth sentences are masterpieces through the ages.
6. Students recite music. Show the content picture (or color picture) of "Top of the Mountain".
3. Appreciate "I heard that Wang Changling moved to Lailongbiao Kiln and sent this"
(1) Solve the problem
1. Look at the title. Do you think it's strange that you know Wang Changling? How much do you know about Li Bai, a famous poet?
Teacher's introduction: Li Bai heard that Wang Changling offended and demoted an official because of his indiscretion in life-"careless behavior", and felt sympathy and concern, so he wrote this poem with harmonious scene and touching image and sent it to him from afar.
Wang Changling (698 ~ 757) was a poet friend of Li Bai. He is good at the Seven Wonders and is a master of them. His frontier poems are magnificent, concise in language and high in style.
Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762) is too white with a purple name. He was traveling in Sichuan at the age of 25. He became an official twice in his life. Instead of giving full play to his talents, he was excluded, relegated and exiled. Li Bai is a great romantic poet, and his poems are as famous as Du Fu.
(B) Study the text
1, listen and read aloud, correct the sound and pay attention to the rhythm of the poem.
2. Read aloud after the recording.
3. Read by yourself, question and dispel doubts? And think:
What scene does this poem depict? What did you express? Is there any connection between the two?
2 Talk about the meaning of "Dragon Label".
(3) Talk about your understanding of "I am worried about the bright moon, and I will follow you until Yelangxi".
4. Students discuss, the teacher summarizes: The first sentence describes the scenery and points out the season, while the scenery only takes the wandering Huayang, which is called the sub-rule of "it is better to go home", that is, it contains the feelings of loneliness, the hatred of parting, which is in line with the situation at that time, and it is also integrated into the scene and sees the feelings of the scene, so the second sentence directly tells the things. "Smelling the Tao" means surprise and pity. "Crossing the Five Rivers" shows that the migration road is long and the road is difficult. There are no sad words, only sad meanings.
The last two sentences are very lyrical. People are separated by two places, and it is difficult to follow each other, but the bright moon shines in the sky, and it can be * * * thousands of miles away. You should send your heart to the bright moon and wave with the wind. Long Biao: the place name, the poem title refers to Long Biao Wei, and the second sentence refers to Wang Changling. The artistic conception expressed in these two poems has been seen in some famous works before. For example, Xie Zhuang's "Moon Fu" says: "Beauty is full of sound and dust, and the moon is bright thousands of miles away. The wind will sigh and rest, and the road is long. " Cao Zhi's Miscellaneous Poems: "Looking south to see my king." Zhang Chunjiang Moonlight: "I don't know each other at this time, and I hope the moon will shine on you." Everything is similar to it. And careful analysis, there are three meanings in two sentences. One is to say that you are full of worries, have nothing to say and no one understands. Only this kind of worry is entrusted to the bright moon; Second, only the bright moon shines in two places, and my friends and I can see her; The third is that, therefore, only by relying on her can we get rid of our worries, and there is no other way.
Through the poet's rich imagination, the original ignorant and heartless moon has been turned into knowing ourselves and being merciful. She was able and willing to accept her request, and with nostalgia and sympathy for her friends, she came to the far west of Yelang and gave it to this unfortunate immigrant. How affectionate she is!
Giving objective things their own feelings and making them have feelings, that is, personalization, is a major feature and advantage of image thinking. When poets need to express strong or profound feelings, they often use such means to achieve the expected results.
4. Students recite the whole poem.
5. Recite this poem.
Fourth, class summary.
1, students summarize themselves.
2. The teacher summarizes according to the students' summary.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
I heard that Wang Changling had this letter when he moved to Longbiao Kiln, and it was expanded into a short article of about 400 words.
Tip: Flowers fall, cuckoo is sad. It is said that Wang Changling crossed the Hunan-Guizhou border after being demoted. I entrusted a caring heart to Mingyue, and sent it to the Dragon Label in Yelang Far West with the wind. This is a poem sent by Li Bai after he heard that his poetry friend was demoted. The whole article is full of sympathy and care.
Second lesson
I. Selected readings of excellent exercises (choose 65438+ 0 ~ 2 short essays developed by students in the last class with music reading)
Second, introduce "the hope of spring"
(1) Solve the problem
This poem was written in March, 757, the second year of Su Zong's reign. The poet was trapped in Chang 'an, which was occupied by rebels in the Anshi Rebellion, and witnessed the destruction of the country and the destruction of the city. After experiencing the pain of family separation and no news, the spring in front of me is very emotional. So this great realistic poet wrote this immortal poem "Hope in Spring".
(B) Study the text
1, listen to music and read aloud.
2. Teach yourself "Hope for Spring" as required.
(1) Pay attention to the sound, form and meaning of the following words:
Splash, scratch, bang.
(2) Which poems are dominated by the word "Wang", and what is the order of observation?
(3) Talk about your understanding of "where petals flow like tears, lonely birds sing their grief".
(4) If you say a few words on the topic "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold", what do you want to say?
(5) New problems.
3. Investigate and discuss with each other.
4. Collective appreciation.
(1) Listen to music and read.
(2) Teachers and students recite together.
(3) Discuss the function of the word "Wang".
The students speak and the teacher summarizes for the camera.
The first four sentences of this poem are all in the word "Wang". Poets look at it from near to far, from far to near, from countryside to mountains and rivers, and then from cities to flowers and birds. Feelings are hidden and obvious, from weak to strong, step by step. In the changes of scenery and feelings, it seems that the poet gradually turned from looking at the scenery with his head down to meditation, and naturally transitioned to the second half-missing his loved ones.
(4) Understand that "the petals have flowed like tears, and the lonely bird has sang sorrow". The first explanation of these two sentences is that flowers and birds are supposed to be entertaining things, but they hate parting because of their feelings, which makes the poet cry. Another explanation is that flowers and birds personify people and feel sad when they leave. Flowers also splash tears and birds are heartbroken. Although their theories are different, their spirit can be interlinked, one is touching the scene and the other is feeling deeply, which shows the richness of good poetry.
(5) Make an impromptu speech on the topic "A letter from home is worth a ton of gold".
5. Read the whole poem aloud.
Third, the comparative reading of Deng Fei Laifeng.
(1) import
We have studied Su Shi's Xilin wall problem before. Please remember and recite.
Seen from the side of the ridge, it becomes a mountain peak.
The distance is different.
I don't know the true face of Lushan Mountain,
Just because I'm in this mountain.
According to the understanding of this poem, this paper interprets Wang Anshi's Deng Fei Laifeng.
(2) Solving problems
Wang Anshi's prose is vigorous and powerful, and his poetry is also very imposing. This poem was written after he climbed Feilaifeng (Lin Bao outside Shaoxing, Zhejiang).
(3) Comparative reading
1, students read this poem by themselves, describing the scenery on Feilai Peak and the author's feelings of climbing Feilai Peak.
(explanation: let students plug in the wings of imagination, imagine freely and reason. )
2. Draw a picture of Mount Feilai.
The teacher added that this is a poem about scenery. The first two sentences of the poem are written directly as climbing the mountain, which is intended to show the sublimity of Feilai Peak Tower; The last two sentences of the poet's feelings after climbing the tower. "Don't be afraid of clouds covering your eyes" means that you are not afraid of cheating the emperor by the treacherous court official in the DPRK, because you stand high and see far and clearly what is happening around you. This poem shows the poet's noble sentiment, and the description of the scenery in the poem contains profound philosophy.
Fourth, read the guide "On Poetry"
(1) import
Since the Tang Dynasty, many poems have been widely circulated with their unique style, exquisite structure and gorgeous language. However, what does Zhao Yi, a famous historian and poet think of ancient poetry?
(2) Introduction of the author
Zhao Yi (1727 ~ 18 14), whose real name was Oubei, was a Yanghu man in Jiangsu Province, and he amused himself by writing in his later years. He is a famous historian and poet.
(3) Reading poetry
Demonstrate reading the whole poem. Students should first read phonetics, then master the rhythm of poetry, and finally experience the artistic conception of poetry.
Students express their opinions, and teachers give guidance and induction. This poem is a quatrain, which is widely read by people.
The first two sentences, "Du Li-Tao's works have been passed down through the ages, but they are not new", because Du Li's poems were written in ancient times. The last two sentences, "Jiangshan produces talented people, each leading the way for hundreds of years", say that there are talented poets in every era, creating a new poetic style.
(4) Summary
Zhao Yi did not deny the outstanding achievements of Du Li's poems, but advocated innovation, got rid of the concept of worshipping the ancient times and created a great poet who was "unique" in the new era. Poetry embodies the poet's ardent expectation for talents.
Expand reading (about poetry (2)
One eye must be independent,
Have said orpiment to the art park.
Have dwarves ever seen a play?
They are all gossiping with others.
This is a poem about literary criticism and appreciation written by the author.
In the era when the poet lived, the atmosphere in the literary and art circles was extremely bad, and people often ignored the facts and went with the flow, making irresponsible remarks. The poet used the gnome as a metaphor to watch a play, saying that he didn't see it, but "gossiped with others". The last three sentences of the poem vividly describe the bad phenomenon of nonsense in the literary world at that time. In the first sentence, "Only the eyes must be independent", the poet put forward the view that we should have our own independent opinions when looking at problems.
Verb (abbreviation for verb) assigns homework.
1. Recite and write these poems from memory.
2, from "Jiangshan generation talented people, each leading the way for hundreds of years" ...
3. Chinese activities: "How many ancient poems do you know" competition.