First, look at the topic to judge the theme of poetry.
For example, I think of my Shandong brother on vacation in the mountains.
Second, look at the author and judge thoughts, feelings and characteristics.
Such as: Bai Juyi's frustration when he was a Sima in Jiangzhou, Tao Qian's indifference to fame and fortune after his seclusion, and Wang Wei's "There are paintings in poems, and poems in paintings".
Third, read notes and pay attention to relevant information.
Fourth, read poetry, understand poetry, and break the theme at the beginning.
Attachment: Poetry classification: writing scenery, chanting things, pastoral scenery, people's livelihood, suffering, farewell, homesickness, Huaiyuan military frontier defense.
Five, combined with the theme, and then look at poetry, clear your mind.
(1) Analyze artistic conception or thoughts and feelings by combining images;
Artistic conception: it is an intriguing artistic realm formed by the organic integration of the thoughts and feelings expressed by the poet and the life picture depicted in the poem.
The meaning of common images:
Changting: A farewell place on land.
Cao Fang: Leaving the Metaphor of Hatred.
Banana: It is often associated with loneliness and sadness, especially parting.
Indus: In classical poetry, it is similar to banana, and it also means bitter voice.
Plum blossom: it was first used to send off, and later it was a symbol of noble personality.
Pine and cypress: it symbolizes loneliness, straightness and cold tolerance.
Chrysanthemum: a symbol of noble quality.
Peach blossom: a symbol of beauty.
Peony: Very rich.
Lu Hua Huayang: The Meaning of Zero.
Lilac: refers to melancholy or complexity.
Lian: To express love.
Cuckoo: a symbol of desolation, sadness and homesickness.
Partridges: Arouse the association of trekking and parting.
Chill: synonymous with sadness.
Hongyan: It often causes wanderers to feel homesick and sad when traveling.
Crow: It is often associated with decadent and desolate things.
Cricket: It is associated with selling people's textiles, preparing winter clothes and even lack of recruitment.
Ape crow: Appearing in poetry often symbolizes sad feelings.
Jade bird: in ancient poetry, it is the messenger who delivers books.
Li Shu: It expresses regret and sadness about the ups and downs of this country in the past.
Sang Yu: the metaphor of old age.
Ripe plums: girls who fall in love with spring.
Floating clouds: a metaphor for wandering wanderers.
White clouds and bright moon: it is a common technique in poetry to look at the clouds and think of friends and people when seeing the moon.
Water: It is often associated with endless melancholy.
In poetry, those who use scenes to express their feelings often have certain fixity.
For example, convey "homesickness" with "hometown bright moon";
Communicate "seclusion" with "pine wind and mountains and moons";
Convey "the poet's sorrow" with "the cold forest and the waning moon";
Communicate "acacia bitterness" with "Mid-Autumn Festival full moon";
Convey "forever in my heart" with "falling flowers in the wind and rain, two swallows flying alone, and a heavy pavilion and jade pillow";
Convey "farewell feelings" with "folding willows in a long pavilion";
Convey "the pain of the poet's journey" with "a boat in the rivers and lakes, the moon cries";
Convey "sadness and joy" by "waking up from a dream, heartbroken willow, cold rain, setting sun and residual candle crying";
Convey "the sigh of the vicissitudes of life" with "the glory of the past is not in sight, and the sunset glow is a few degrees red";
Use "empty cities and fallen flowers" to convey "lament the decline of the national situation and love the national conditions" and so on.
Attachment: thoughts and feelings
Thoughts-the feeling of worrying about the country and the people, the pain of national subjugation, the desolation of vagrants, the bitterness of asking for a husband and thinking about a woman, the loneliness of meeting a talented person, the resentment of serving the country, the heroism of making achievements, the calmness of freedom and leisure, the love of beautiful mountains and rivers, the sincerity of family and friendship, the joy of returning to agriculture and seclusion, the bitterness of dark officialdom, the feeling of parting and missing, and the hatred of demotion and exile.
Emotion-loneliness (feeling sad, wanting to talk, feeling sad and cold, feeling sad and lost, unable to serve the country, everything is changing), detachment (expressing feelings for mountains and rivers, longing for peace), boldness (expressing feelings for history and scenes), elegance (being alone in the boudoir, missing my lover, crying on the balcony, feeling sorry for the moon), homesickness. Pleasure, joy; Depression and sadness; Lonely and sad; Pessimism, loss and sadness; Passionate and unrestrained; Optimism, open-mindedness, admiration and anger; Calm, leisurely, etc.
(2) Look directly at the words that directly express emotions in poetry.
For example, there are words such as joy, sadness, worry, anger, sorrow and sorrow in the poem.
Sixth, the problem analysis
Question 1: Analysis of poetic eyes or the beauty of a word
Poetic eyes, usually verbs or adjectives. Analyzing the eye of poetry is to grasp the most concise and vivid flavor of verbs or adjectives in poetry and see its role in deepening the artistic conception of poetry and conveying the feelings of poets.
Analyze refined words, whether to taste the hidden feelings of well-used words or to taste their more vivid effects.
Problem solving format: meaning+skill+expressive function (sentence meaning+text meaning+theme emotion)
Example of answer:
Nanpu Bie Bai Juyi
In the bleak drudgery of Nanpu, the autumn wind is bleak. Turn back immediately, my heart is broken, so I can leave and don't look back.
According to the predecessors, the word "Kan" seems ordinary, but in fact it is very vivid and can really reveal the image of the lyric hero. Do you agree with this statement? Why?
A: I agree. Look, in the poem, it means to look back (the first step). I left people, and I often looked back. Every time I look back, I feel deeply grieved. This word makes us seem to see the tearful image of the lyric hero (step 2). Just the word "look" shows the sadness of parting as much as possible (step 3).
Question 2: Analyze the author's thoughts and feelings.
Please combine the fourth and fifth points mentioned above.
Question 3: Analyze the image of a person or thing.
(1) Enjoy the image directly.
Character image: identity+personality
Landscape image: expand association and imagination, and reproduce the picture in your own language. When you reproduce the picture, you should be loyal to the original poem and strive for beautiful language. You can translate this poem better.
(2) Appreciate the meaning or connotation contained in the image.
Mainly look at the meaning that this image often represents in ancient poetry. Please combine the first point of the fifth point.
Question 4: Analyze images and artistic conception.
Image problem-solving format: surface meaning+deep meaning (that is, explanation poem)
Solution format of artistic conception: when answering this question, you can describe the picture first, then analyze why you want to write this picture with the main idea, and then summarize the atmospheric characteristics of the situations created by these scenes with concise words, which are magnificent, broad and far-reaching, quiet and beautiful, bleak and desolate, vibrant or lonely ... accurately reflect their characteristics and emotional appeal or thoughts and feelings.
Case study: Ceng Gong West Building
The waves turned over the clouds and returned, and the north wind blew several thunder. Zhu Lou is surrounded by hooks and thin foil, lying and watching the shower in Qian Shan.
Hook and foil: hanging curtains.
Q: What does this poem describe? What emotion does this poem express? Please analyze it briefly. (6 points)
A: The waves in the sky are accompanied by thunder. In the roar of the north wind, the waves beat against the bank and roared away. This poem describes the magnificent scene before the storm at the seaside and renders the majestic momentum of "rain is coming" Expressed the poet's broad mind and inner pride. The storm is coming, and it is common sense to close the door to shelter from the rain. But the poet hung the curtains high and opened the windows to enjoy the spectacle of "the shower in Qian Shan".
Question 5: Analysis of artistic techniques or expressive techniques.
(1) The relationship between scenery and emotion (also direct lyric). Commonly used is to borrow scenery to express feelings, feelings are born from the scenery, feelings are in the scenery, and the scenery is harmonious.
Problem solving format: what scenery is written in the poem+what emotion is expressed?
(2) The relationship between content and ambition. That is, to see if it is a sign of ambition.
Problem solving format: the characteristics of things+the poet's mind
(3) Structural relationship. Fore-and-aft care, death to express ambition, transition, bedding, bedding, question and answer, etc.
(4) rhetoric. Commonly used are metaphor, analogy, exaggeration, contrast and allusions.
Problem solving format: revealing technique+analytical expression (sentence meaning+text meaning+theme emotion)
(5) artistic style. There are vigorous, broad-minded, bold, natural and unrestrained, diluted, depressed, sad and graceful.
Problem solving format: characteristic text+scene+style expressed by text.
(6) expression ability. Commonly used are foil, rendering, imagination, finishing touch, combination of reality and reality, and combination of motion and static.
Problem solving format: skill+expressive function (sentence meaning+text meaning+theme emotion)
Example: Li Bai, Song of Xia Sai.
The mountains in May are still full of snow, only cold, and the grass can't see the grass. Spring can only be imagined in the flute "Folding Willow", but it has never been seen in reality.
The soldiers fought the enemy in the golden drum during the day and slept in the saddle at night. I hope that the sword hanging around my waist can quickly pacify the border and serve my country.
Note: folding willow: that is, "folding willow", the name of ancient music, is mostly a word that hurts spring and leaves sorrow. Loulan: A king of Loulan in the Western Han Dynasty sent people to stop and kill Ambassador China many times, and was later killed by General Huo Guang.
Q: Talk about the beauty of the expressive skills of this poem. (4 points)
A: The forehead is combined with the code, and the contrast technique is also used. "The flute smells the broken willow" and hearing someone play the tune of "Broken Willow" naturally reminds people of the spring scenery in their hometown and their loved ones, but there is no spring scenery in front of them, so distant relatives can't meet each other; It is under such circumstances that soldiers actively participate in the war and kill the enemy bravely. The concise words of the forehead couplet strongly show the loyalty and courage of the soldiers to the country. (To be in the same strain as the original poem, there are opinions and analysis. )
Question 6: Language style
Fresh, elegant, simple, natural, bright, concise, gorgeous, euphemistic, implicit, concise, gloomy, frustrated, bold and dignified, understand the text in spoken language, simple, gorgeous, clear and fluent, and graceful. ...
Answer format: find out the characteristic words+the feeling that words give people+the style of expression.
An example of the answer: spring resentment
Get rid of the oriole, get rid of all the music on the tree. They woke her up when she dreamed that she went to meet him in Liaoxi camp.
Please analyze the linguistic features of this poem.
A: The language characteristics of this poem are fresh and natural, colloquial (the first step), and "yellow" is a child's voice, which shows the innocence of women. "They woke her up when she was dreaming and said that she had gone to the camp in western Liaoning to meet him there." In simple language, the oriole was beaten because it disturbed her dream of missing her husband (step 2). This naturally shows the woman's longing for her husband (step 3).
Question 7: Evaluation type.
Generally speaking, it is to evaluate whether the words in the poem are used well ... (Please answer directly) or later generations give this poem an evaluation and ask you if this evaluation is right ... (In most cases, give a positive answer). If it is appropriate to change "XX" into "XX" in the poem, please give a negative answer.
Then answer the reasons according to the idea of "what to write (main object) → how to write (expression, expression, rhetoric, etc.). ) → What expression effect ".
Read the following poem and complete the last two questions.
Mu Jiang Bai yin ju yi
A sunset gradually sank into the river, half green and half green. The loveliest thing is the ninth day of September. The bright pearl's bright crescent moon is shaped like a bow.
(1) The sunset shines on the river, and the poet said "pave the way" instead of "shine". How is the expression effect?
Answer: (1) This is because the sun is close to the horizon, almost shining on the ground, really like "spreading" on the river, which reflects the accuracy and image of the poet's words; At the same time, the word "paving" also describes the softness of the autumn sunset and the calmness of the river, giving people a sense of leisure.
Question 8: Comparative reading of two poems
(1) scene contrast
(2) Comparison of thoughts and feelings
(3) Comparison of artistic conception
(4) Style contrast
(5) Dark ratio (common is ancient and modern contrast and past contrast, such as "Regret for the Past, Jiangnan")
[Example] Read the following poem and answer the questions.
Chun xing Wu yuanheng
The willow shade is raining, and the residual flowers fall to see the warbler. Last night, the spring breeze blew away my sweet dream of homesickness. In my dream, I chased the spring breeze back to my hometown.
Topic Spring Festival Evening Zhou Dunyi
Flowers fall in Chai Men to cover the morning glow, and the number of faint crows flies by. After singing Yu Xiaoli, I saw firewood and fishing all the way back from a distance.
(1) Both poems describe the scene of late spring. Do they express the same feelings? And please give reasons. (3 points)
The first answer: not the same.
Then answer: "Chunxing" expresses the feeling of missing hometown.
"Spring Festival Gala" expresses a sense of leisure that is quiet but not silent.
Finally, the explanation: with the help of fallen flowers and wandering orioles, the beautiful spring scenery is about to die, and the author is wandering outside, which naturally evokes homesickness.
The falling flowers, faint crows and returning firewood in the opening Spring Festival Evening constitute a quiet, commercial and harmonious picture. At this time, the poet is flirting with the moon, and the whole poem is full of quiet and leisurely feeling.
Question 9: Comprehensive expression
If there is no analytical angle in the stem of this question, you should answer it according to the idea of "what did you write (main object) → how to write (expression, expression, rhetoric, etc.). ) → What expression effect ". If there is an analytical perspective, answer it according to the requirements of the topic. If the answer is concise and perfect, we must pay attention to the organization and conciseness of expression. You'd better answer the questions and questions in the order of questions, with numbers or letters, or according to the idea of always saying (or concrete analysis) before always saying (always saying). At the same time, we should also pay attention to accurate language and standardized writing.
Mainly concentrated in four aspects:
(1) the relationship between scenery and scenery
(2) Artistic conception
(3) artistic skills
(4) Main ideas
Answer format: what is this poem+what is written in each sentence of the poem+how to express what emotion+evaluation (total score)
Example: Read Ouyang Xiu's Picking Mulberry Seeds and analyze the content and theme of this poem.
The sky is high and the west lake is good, and everything in the cloud is solved. Seagulls and herons should be used to listening to orchestral music while sleeping.
The wind is clear and the moon is white, and the night is suitable. Whoever envies Luan is a fairy on board.
The first step of analysis and guidance is to read poetry carefully and perceive the general meaning of poetry as a whole. The second step is to make clear the place (West Lake), time (moonlit night), people (poets), events (boating on the West Lake) and main scenery (the sky is full of water, gulls sleep, the wind is clear and the moon is white) mentioned in the poem, and be good at extracting the word combinations in the poem when summing up. The third step is to try to find out the poet's ideological theme according to the characteristics of Zhang Xianzhi. Grasping the key words or phrases of "who admires" and "who is immortal" to read and interpret, the final sentence of the poem is no longer described, but discussed, which is the key to interpret the theme. The scenery in front is very quiet and beautiful, and there will be a feeling that "people are immortals on board". When answering this kind of appreciation questions, it is usually divided into two points, one is to describe the content according to the poem, and the other is to reveal the main idea. The answer is "describe … express …".
This poem describes the moonlit night in the West Lake. The lake and sky set each other off, the soft wind blows gently, and the night birds sleep leisurely, quiet and beautiful, just like a fairyland on earth. It expresses the poet's beautiful feelings of loving the scenery of the West Lake and real life.
note:
No matter which of the above questions, your answer should be based on the poem itself, that is, it should be closely related to the poem when organizing the answer.
For example, when answering to express feelings through scenery, you should express feelings through XX scenery;
Answer the artistic conception of XX when answering the artistic conception;
When answering metaphors, you should answer that XX is a metaphor for XX. When answering the comparison, answer the comparison with XX;
When you answer that a word is used well (skillfully), you should answer what kind of scenery this word and the word XX in the poem together constitute, and express the poet's feelings when using this word.
……
Last point: If you really can't put pen to paper to answer, please try to translate poetry as an answer.