Try to look at the works of this period, often impassioned; Indeed, due to the long-term social unrest, the decline of the atmosphere and the resentment of the people, the author's feelings are deeper and his brushwork is longer, and his works are often passionate and impassioned.
From the period of Huan and Ling in the Eastern Han Dynasty, after the party was in charge, it was dark and the people complained, which finally led to the Yellow Scarf Uprising in the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty. The buffer region developed its own strength by eliminating the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising, and the local power gradually became stronger. The Eastern Han Dynasty was teetering in turbulent and chaotic times. After Xian Di acceded to the throne, he was repeatedly moved, and he needed to rely on the breathing space of the powerful ministers to survive. Especially after Cao Cao thought that his arm had moved to Xu and established a vassal in the name of Emperor Tian, Emperor Xian of Han became a puppet and his prestige was discredited.
The orthodox rule of Confucianism collapsed in the war at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. People's ideological and cultural concepts will inevitably change greatly in the case of social disorder and chaos in the world, so various deviant ideas have broken through the shackles of Confucian ideological and moral concepts and emerged one after another. Confucianism not only lost its authority, but also no longer became people's moral standards and values. In the society at that time, everything was in a state of anomie. People are willful, maverick, self-conscious, and pursue personal spirit and enjoyment. Under this unconscious social condition, the traditional culture inevitably changed during the Jian 'an period, thus showing a state in which many cultures competed with each other and went hand in hand.
No matter from the perspective of cultural evolution or evolutionary theory, the cultural fission in Jian 'an period is something worthy of our full praise and affirmation. It was the cultural fission during the Jian 'an period that made various cultural concepts appear and become popular.
During the Jian 'an period, political turmoil, the collapse of Confucianism and the collision of various ideas came into being. Various social and cultural behaviors have not only greatly changed people's way of thinking and behavior, but also changed people's social outlook and thinking level, greatly promoted people's re-understanding of the value of life, stimulated people's enterprising spirit, enhanced people's personality consciousness and stimulated literati's creative desire. It is in this cultural background that the literature in Jian 'an period rose rapidly.
It must be said that during the Jian 'an period, especially after Emperor Han Xian moved the capital and Cao Cao pacified Jizhou, the development of literature gained a fairly relaxed social and cultural environment. While making positive progress and making contributions, literary scholars "write, sing and speak with pen and ink to show the spirit of the times and reflect the life of the times".
1, the pioneer of the new situation of Jian 'an literature is an outstanding politician, strategist and poet Cao Cao. His representative works of poetry creation include Lu Luxing, Good Li Xing, and A Journey to the Bitter Han, which describe the war and people's sufferings at the end of the Han Dynasty. "Bones are exposed in the wild, and there are no crows in a thousand miles" is a famous sentence of Hao. The short song "The mountain is not too high, the sea is not too deep, the Duke of Zhou vomits and feeds, and the world belongs to his heart" shows his ambition to unify the world and the spirit of being proactive, showing his broad mind; "A trip to the sun and the moon, if unexpected, a brilliant star and a brilliant person, if unexpected" in Watching the Sea describes the magnificent atmosphere of the sea. "My heart is full of lofty sentiments" in "A Short Song" shows the author's yearning for talents, and "An old man riding a horse, aiming at a thousand miles, a martyr in his twilight years, courageously marching forward" in "Waiting for Hou" shows Cao Cao's positive and enterprising spirit.
2. Cao Cao is a pioneer in creating a new situation in literature. He pioneered the use of Yuefu old poems to write current affairs. Besides his five-character poems, there are many excellent four-character poems. He studied Han Yuefu, but he has his own style.
3. The earliest extant complete seven-character poem of literati is Ge Yanxing by Cao Pi; His Dian Lun is the earliest extant literary monograph. He advocated literature and promoted the prosperity of Jian 'an literature.
4. Cao Zhi's life and creation can be divided into two periods, which are bounded by Cao Pi's proclaimed emperor in 220 AD.
5. The representative works of Cao Zhi's poetry creation are "White Horse Pieces", which describes the superb martial arts and patriotic spirit of a ranger teenager. Among them, "A famous soldier should not be a strong man and should not be selfish" reflects the patriotic spirit of the teenager; "Give Xu Gan" to encourage friends to make contributions; "Seven Sorrow" pinned its depression and pain on the thinking women; Noda's trip to an oriole describes the story of a teenager who cut a net and saved an oriole. Yin on Mount Tai describes the poor life of the seaside people. Beauty, etc., entrusted her young talents with the distress of unmarried beauty. Zhong Rong called his poems "high-spirited, and the words were taken from Huamao".
6. The important writers in the Jian 'an period were "Three Cao", "Seven Zi" and the poetess Cai Yan. "Three Caos" refers to Cao Cao, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi; The name of "Seven Scholars" can be found in Cao Pi's Dian Lun Paper, which refers to Kong Rong, Chen Lin, Wang Shen, Xu Gan, Ruan Yu, Angelababy and Serina Liu, with Wang Shen as the highest achievement.
7. The representative work reflecting social unrest and people's sufferings in the creation of "Seven Poems" is RoyceWong's Seven Wounded Poems, one of which "Going Out Without Seeing, Bones Cover the Plain" shows the sufferings brought to the people by the war. Chen Lin's Drinking Horses in the Great Wall Cave, Ruan Yu's Driving Out of the North Gate, etc. Liu Zhen's three masterpieces expressing his personal ambitions and experiences are To My Brother.
8. The extant Cai Yan includes Five-character Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Poems of Sorrow and Anger, Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia, etc. The most credible is Cai Yan's grief and indignation poem.