The moon is about 4.6 billion years old. The moon has a layered structure such as shell, mantle and core. The average thickness of the outermost lunar shell is about 60-65 kilometers. Below the lunar crust 1000 km is the lunar mantle. The moon is about 3476 kilometers in diameter, which is 3/ 1 1 of the earth and 1/400 of the sun. The volume of the moon is only 1/49 of that of the earth, and its mass is about 735 billion tons, which is equivalent to 1/8 1 of the mass of the earth. The gravity on the surface of the moon is almost 1/6 of that of the earth.
lunar eclipse
Solar eclipse is an astronomical phenomenon. When the moon went behind the shadow of the earth, the sun was blocked by the earth. Therefore, whenever the lunar calendar 15 or so, there may be an eclipse.
The history of human exploration of the moon
The first man-made object to reach the moon was the unmanned lander "Luna II" of the former Soviet Union, which crashed into the moon in September 1959. "Moon II" took photos of the back of the moon on1October 7 10 in the same year. "Lunar 9" is the first lander to make a soft landing on the moon. It sent back1photos taken on the surface of the moon on February 3, 966. "Moon 10" successfully entered the scheduled orbit on March 3 1 and 1966, becoming the first artificial satellite on the moon.
1957 The Soviet Union launched the first artificial satellite. 196 1 2007 After Gagarin was put into low-earth orbit, humans began to break into space and explore the moon. The United States and the Soviet Union once launched a space science and technology competition centered on lunar exploration. From the late 1950s to the early 1970s, the Soviet Union launched 32 probes to the moon, which either approached or landed on the moon and achieved fruitful results. During this period, the United States also launched 2 1 detection devices to the moon. 1In July 1969, the American "Apollo 1 1" spacecraft realized the dream of human landing on the moon and achieved the most brilliant results in lunar exploration. After the end of the American Apollo program from 65438 to 0972, the lunar exploration was once cooled down because of the huge cost. However, human beings still can't resist the temptation of the unique natural environment and resources of the moon, and the development of modern space technology provides the possibility for human beings to further explore the moon. In the late 1990s, people turned their eyes to the moon again. 1986, the United States put forward the idea of returning to the moon and establishing a lunar base, and launched two probes in 1994 and 1998 respectively. Among them,1June 1998 and 65438+ years1October completed the mission in1July 1999, with the purpose of drawing the topographic map of the moon surface, analyzing the geological structure of the moon and looking for evidence of the existence of ice or water on the moon. The United States announced a new lunar exploration project. The United States will develop a lunar navigation system. In September 2003, the first European lunar probe "Smart 1" was successfully launched. After completing the observation mission, it successfully hit the moon in September 2006. Europe also plans to let astronauts land on the moon in the future and establish a lunar base in stages. In April 2006, the United States also proposed a plan to hit the South Pole of the Moon. NASA hopes that this project can successfully find evidence of water on the moon, so as to help future astronauts land on the moon and establish long-term bases. This project will use the "Lunar Crater Observation and Perception Satellite" that NASA plans to launch in 2009 to hit the moon and detect whether there is water on the moon. June 5438 +2007 10, China's "Chang 'e-1" satellite set foot on the journey of "flying to the moon" and successfully hit the moon more than a year later. China is expected to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface in 20 13 years. According to the plan, China will complete unmanned lunar exploration by 2020. China's first lunar exploration "Eight Wonderful Footprints" In July 2008, the United States, India, South Korea, Japan, Canada, Britain, France, Germany and Italy signed a joint lunar exploration agreement, launched a lunar exploration activity called "International Lunar Network", and planned to gradually establish a number of scientific stations on the moon. Russia, a space power, has also made its own lunar exploration plan. June 5438+October 2008 1, the Indian lunar probe "Yuechuan1"was launched. It uses various instruments to collect the data of the geographical structure, chemical composition and mineral deposits of the moon, and collects the geographical data of the moon to draw a high-precision three-dimensional map of the moon.
Moontide
Due to the tidal force of the sun and the moon, the lithosphere, hydrosphere and atmosphere of the earth have periodic movements and changes respectively. The elastic-plastic deformation of the solid earth caused by the tidal force of the sun and the moon is called solid tide, which is referred to as solid tide or ground tide for short. The periodic rise and fall, fluctuation and advance and retreat of the sea surface caused by the tidal force of the sun and the moon are called ocean tides, referred to as ocean tides for short; As a complete tidal science, its research object should be solid tide, ocean tide and atmospheric tide as a unified whole. However, because the tide phenomenon is very obvious and closely related to people's life, economic activities, transportation and so on, it is customary to interpret the word tide as ocean tide in a narrow sense.
The moon appears
The environment on the surface of the moon is very different from the natural environment on the surface of the earth. There is no atmosphere on the moon, and it is in a high vacuum state, so that even sound cannot spread. There is no water on the moon, and even in the rock analysis of the moon, no water has been found. It is desolate, lifeless and a lifeless world. There is no atmosphere on the moon, and the surface of the moon is directly exposed to space. Therefore, the temperature on the surface of the moon changes dramatically. On the hottest day, the monthly surface temperature can reach127℃; In the coldest night, the temperature can drop to-183℃.
astronomer
Copernicus, a great Polish astronomer, the founder of Heliocentrism and the founder of modern astronomy.
Galileo, he was the first scientist to observe celestial bodies with a telescope and achieved a lot of results. These achievements include: the discovery that the surface of the moon is uneven, Jupiter has four satellites (now called Galileo satellites), the rotation of sunspots and the sun, the profit and loss of Venus and Jupiter, and the Milky Way is composed of countless stars. He confirmed Copernicus's "theory of earth movement" with experiments, and completely denied Aristotle and Ptolemy's "theory of earth movement" which ruled for more than 1000 years.
Legend of the moon
From the day before yesterday, there were ten suns, and the hero Hou Yi made nine. The Queen Mother gave him two pills to make him live forever. After he came home, his wife Chang 'e swallowed the elixir in one gulp because of gluttony, and floated under the moon, so she couldn't come down because she wanted to reflect on her sins. There is only a jade rabbit and a toad on the moon to accompany her.
Moon poem
The bright moon shed clear light from the cracks and cleared the fountain on the rocks. Wang Wei pities the third night of September, like a bright pearl and a bow. Bai Juyi's voice is so low that no one can hear it except my partner Mingyue. Wang Wei
Song of the Moon
Do you know who the blind A Bing is? He wrote a tune about the moon. What's its name?
Erhu player, "Two Springs Reflecting the Moon"
● What was the process of Beethoven's creation of Song of the Moonlight?
Beethoven played the first song for the blind girl. Beethoven was deeply moved when he heard a conversation between a girl and a man. When Beethoven entered the room, he saw a very poor family. He said bluntly to his host, "I'm here to play a song for this girl." The blind girl thought, "How skilled she is!" How deep the feelings are! "It is Beethoven who judges the performance of music. Beethoven was so excited to see that she knew so much about music that he could tell from the piano that the performer was herself. He wanted to play another song for the blind girl.
Places of interest about the moon
* Ningxia Scenic Area-Moon Mountain * Hangzhou West Lake-San Tan Yin Yue * Hebei Scenic Area-Moon Lake * Taiwan Province Province-Sun Moon Lake
Moon couplets
When the sky is full, it is autumn fragrance in Wan Li. People are particularly happy when they are happy, and the Mid-Autumn Festival is particularly bright.
There are several places to stay in the month, and Wanjiaxiao Guanle is in the Mid-Autumn Festival. The land is half a minute in clear autumn, and the window is round with a bright moon.
Mystery of the moon
It sometimes falls on the mountainside, sometimes hangs on the treetops, sometimes looks like a round mirror, and sometimes looks like a sickle. (hitting a celestial body)-the moon
A blue plate, two round cakes, one hot and one cold. (Hit two celestial bodies)-Sun and Moon
Moon custom
Miao people in northwest Guizhou ~ "Walking on the Moon"
Guangdong province has the custom of eating taro in the Mid-Autumn Festival, which is said to commemorate the historical story of killing Tartars at the end of Yuan Dynasty.
On August 15, farmers in Qingyun County, Shandong Province offered sacrifices to Tugu God, which was called "Young Miao Society".
Why are most observatories built on the top of the mountain?
There is basically no light pollution on the top of the mountain, and all the lights are basically in a flat area. Peak noise pollution is small, air pollution is small and so on.
Why is the observatory round?
The reason why it is round is because observing outer space requires 360-degree rotation observation, thus creating a circle.